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Text-fig. 4. Mortality profile (relative abundance of age groups) of Trogontherium based on dp4 and p4 from the fossil sites of Bilzingsleben II, Mosbach 2 and Tegelen. Data from Table 4. in Mortality Profiles Of Castor And Trogontherium (Mammalia: Rodentia, Castoridae), With Notes On The Site Formation Of The Mid-Pleistocene Hominin Locality Bilzingsleben Ii (Thuringia, Central Germany)

Text-fig. 4. Mortality profile (relative abundance of age groups) of Trogontherium based on dp4 and p4 from the fossil sites of Bilzingsleben II, Mosbach 2 and Tegelen. Data from Table 4.

FIG. 1. — A in Mammal bearing late Miocene tuffs of the Akkaşdağı region; distribution, age, petrographical and geochemical characteristics

FIG. 1. — A, location map and major structural features of Turkey with location of Oligocene to Quarternary volcanism; B, map of the area SW of Çankırı-Çorum Basin (modified from Bilgin et al. 1986). Abbreviations: CAVP, Central Anatolian Volcanic Province; WAVP, West Anatolian Volcanic Province; EAVP, East Anatolian Volcanic Province; GVC, Galatia Volcanic Complex; NAFZ, North Anatolian Fault Zone; EAFZ, East Anatolian Fault Zone; BSZ, Bitlis Suture Zone; EFZ, Ecemis Fault Zone; KEF, Kırıkkale Erbaa Fault.

FIG. 3 in Mammal bearing late Miocene tuffs of the Akkaşdağı region; distribution, age, petrographical and geochemical characteristics

FIG. 3. — Representative photomicrographs of the studied tuffs; A, B, vitric tuff of upper level (cross-plane polarized light); C, D, vitric tuff of lower level (cross-plane polarized light); E, F, vitric tuffs consisting of an abundant glassy material, feldspar (Fl) and hornblend (Hb) (cross-plane polarized light); G, pumice clast (Pm) and oxyhornblend (Hn) (plane polarized light); H, rhyolitic lavas found at two levels in tuffs are completely calcified (cross polarized light). Abbreviations: Bi, biotite; Lt, lithic clast. Scales bars: A-D, G, H, 0.7 mm; E, F, 0.4 mm.

FIG. 5. — Integrated 39 in Mammal bearing late Miocene tuffs of the Akkaşdağı region; distribution, age, petrographical and geochemical characteristics

FIG. 5. — Integrated 39Ar/40Ar ages for two samples from the Akkaşdağı tuffs; A, sample AKK-1 from the main tuff horizon, three meters below the bone pocket AK-5; B, sample AKK-2 from the reworked tuffs filling the bone pocket AK-5.

FIG. 4. — A in Mammal bearing late Miocene tuffs of the Akkaşdağı region; distribution, age, petrographical and geochemical characteristics

FIG. 4. — A, total alkali vs. SiO2 diagram for the studied tuffs and Nevşehir Plateau ignimbrite. Classification scheme is from Le Bas et al. (1986), with the alkaline-subalkaline line by Miyashiro (1978); B, AFM diagram is from Irwine & Baragar (1971); C, Hacker variation diagrams for the studied tuffs and Nevşehir Plateau ignimbrite.

FIG. 6 in Hypsodont Myomiminae (Gliridae, Rodentia) from five new localities in the Lower Miocene Tudela Formation (Bardenas Reales, Ebro Basin, Spain) and their bearing on the age of the Agenian-Ramblian boundary

FIG. 6. — Ranges of variation and number of specimens for length and width of the upper (pre) molars of Armantomys de Bruijn, 1966 populations of Agenian and Ramblian localities from Spain. BARD (Bardenas) is a combination of the localities published by Murelaga et al. (2004a, b). *, localities described in this paper.

FIG. 1 in Hypsodont Myomiminae (Gliridae, Rodentia) from five new localities in the Lower Miocene Tudela Formation (Bardenas Reales, Ebro Basin, Spain) and their bearing on the age of the Agenian-Ramblian boundary

FIG. 1. — Geological map of the Lower-Middle Miocene continental sediments from the Tudela Formation at the Bardenas Reales de Navarra area, with location of the sections and fossil localities presented in this study. Abbreviations: CA, Cuesta Agujeros section; CC, Cabezo Carboneras section; CM, Cabezo Marijuán section. The location of other fossil localities studied previously by Murelaga (2000) and Murelaga et al. (2004a, b) is also shown.

FIG. 5 in Hypsodont Myomiminae (Gliridae, Rodentia) from five new localities in the Lower Miocene Tudela Formation (Bardenas Reales, Ebro Basin, Spain) and their bearing on the age of the Agenian-Ramblian boundary

FIG. 5. — Ranges of variation and number of specimens for length and width of the lower (pre)molars of Armantomys de Bruijn, 1966 populations of Agenian and Ramblian localities from Spain. BARD (Bardenas) is a combination of the localities published by Murelaga et al. (2004a, b). *, localities described in this paper.

FIG. 2 in Hypsodont Myomiminae (Gliridae, Rodentia) from five new localities in the Lower Miocene Tudela Formation (Bardenas Reales, Ebro Basin, Spain) and their bearing on the age of the Agenian-Ramblian boundary

FIG. 2. — Stratigraphy of the Tudela Formation in the studied sections, with location of the new fossil localities presented here (in bold) and other localities studied previously (Murelaga 2000; Murelaga et al. 2004a, b). The available sequence of polarity intervals identified in the upper part of the Cuesta Agujeros section and the Cabezo Marijuán section and its correlation to the ATNTS of Lourens et al. (2004) is also shown (see Larrasoaña et al. 2006).

FIG. 7 in Hypsodont Myomiminae (Gliridae, Rodentia) from five new localities in the Lower Miocene Tudela Formation (Bardenas Reales, Ebro Basin, Spain) and their bearing on the age of the Agenian-Ramblian boundary

FIG. 7. — Calibration of the Agenian/Ramblian boundary proposed in this study on the basis of the new material from the Tudela For- mation and on the recalibrated radiometric age of the Tardienta fossil locality (Van Dam et al. 2006), placed in the ATNTS of Lourens et al. (2004). The vertical bar indicates the error associated to the 39Ar/40Ar age of the Tardienta fossil locality.

FIG. 4. — A-E in Hypsodont Myomiminae (Gliridae, Rodentia) from five new localities in the Lower Miocene Tudela Formation (Bardenas Reales, Ebro Basin, Spain) and their bearing on the age of the Agenian-Ramblian boundary

FIG. 4. — A-E, Armantomys cf. bijmai from Cabezo Hermoso 1 (CH1): A, left M2, CH1-6; B, right M3, CH1-8; C, right P4, CH1-4; D, right D4, CH1-5; E, right m1, CH1-3; F-M, Armantomys daamsi from Cuesta Agujeros 2 (CA2): F, left M1, CA2/1-6; G, right M2, CA2/1-5; H, right M2, CA2/2-6; I, right M3, CA2/1-15; J, right P4, CA2/1-12; K, left m1, CA2/1-8; L, left m1, CA2/1-10; M, right m3, CA2/2-5; N, Armantomys cf. jasperi from Cuesta Agujeros 4 (CA4), fragmentary right m2, CA4/1-27; O, P, Armantomys cf. parsani from Cuesta Agujeros 3 (CA3): O, left M2, CA3-1; P, left P4, CA3-2; Q, R, Armantomys cf. daamsi from Cabezo Carboneras 1 (CC1): Q, right M1, CC1-31; R, left M2, CC1-38; S, cf. Praearmantomys crusafonti from Cabezo Carboneras 1 (CC1), right m3, CC1-22. Scale bar:1 mm.

Fig. 10. A–D in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 10. A–D, Proximal, distal, medial, and lateral views of the right navicular of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.4). Abbreviations: AN, astragalonavicular facet on navicular; napp, plantar process of navicular; NCs, articular facet for cuneiforms on the distal surface of navicular body; and NCu, naviculocuboid facet on the lateral surface of navicular body.

Fig. 7. A–F in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 7. A–F. Ventral, dorsal, posterior, medial, lateral, and distal views of left astragalus of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.2). Abbreviations: ACu, astagalocuboid facet; AFi, astragalofibular facet; AN, astragalonavicular facet; ATim, medial astragalotibial facet; CaA, calcaneoastragalar facet; sa, sulcus astragali; su, sustentacular facet; suh, sustentacular hinge; trlr, lateral rim of astragalar trochlea; trmr, medial rim of astragalar trochlea.

Fig. 2 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 2. Lower jaw fragments of Gomphos elkema. A. lateral view of the anterior portion of right mandible (IVPP V13509.8); arrow indicates alveolus of the second lower incisor. B. Medial view of left partial mandible, showing the fenestrae on the ventral portion of the bone (V13509.2). C. Medial view of partial right mandible, with arrow pointing to the posterior end of the lower incisor (V13509.7). D. Lateral view of partial left mandible, with arrow pointing to the anterior edge of the masseteric fossa (V13509.2). Panels A, B, and D, are at the same scale.

Fig. 4 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 4. Upper teeth of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V). A–C. Occlusal, labial, and lingual views of right P4–M2 (IVPP V13509.4).

Fig. 3 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 3. Upper teeth of Gomphos elkema. A. Occlusal view of left P3–M1 (IVPP V13509.5). B. Occlusal view of right P4–M1 (V13509.6).

Fig. 9. A–F in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 9. A–F, Distal, proximal, dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral views of the right cuboid of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.3). Abbreviations: CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; CuEc, facet for ectocuneiform; CuM45, facet for metatarsals IV and V; CuN, cuboidonavicular facet; and pp, plantar process.

Fig. 8. A–E in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 8. A–E, Dorsal, ventral, lateral, distal, and medial views of the right calcaneus of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.1). Abbreviations: at, anterior plantar tubercle; CaA, calcaneoastragalar facet; CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; gtff, groove for the tendon of M. flexor fibularis; pp, peroneal process; ptca, calcaneal protuberance; su, sustentacular facet; sus, sustentaculum talus; and tub, tuber of the calcaneus.

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FIG. 15 in Dog burials associated with Human burials in the West Indies during the early pre-Columbian Ceramic Age (500 BC-600 AD)

FIG. 15. — Dog mandibles from: (a) Cathédrale Basse Terre US5002 I2 right mandible, lingual and occlusal views, (a) Cathédrale Basse Terre US5002 I2 left mandible, lingual and occlusal views, (c) Gare Maritime US 1008 H2 right mandible, labial and occlusal views, (d) Morel F90-01-03 left mandible, lingual view, (e) Morel F90-01-02 right mandible, vestibular view, (f) Morel F90-01-02 left mandible, vestibular view,(g) Morel F91-11-02 left mandible, vestibular view, (h) Morel F90-16 left mandibule,vestibular view, (i) Hope Estate US2512B square C, right mandible, vestibular view, (j) Seaview US857 left mandible, occlusal and vestibular views, (k) Seaview BAO16BAO16 left mandible, occlusal and vestibular views, (l) Historic Sainte Rose la Ramée US1078 left mandible, occlusal and vestibular views, (m) modern Dog from Aruba left mandible, occlusal and vestibular views (© K. Debue CNRS and S. Grouard).