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Fig. 6 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 6. Occurrence of D. bejaudii Lecomte (Z) and D. retrofracta Bakh. (A) in mainland South-East Asia.

Fig. 5 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 5. Isolectotype of D. retrofracta Bakh. (Haniff & Nur 3984 K[K000792535]) (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2022).

Fig. 9 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 9. Lectotype of D. fecunda H.R.Fletcher (Kerr 7658 K[K000792545]) (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2022).

Fig. 7. A–C. Diospyros dictyoneura Hiern. A in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 7. A–C. Diospyros dictyoneura Hiern. A. Corolla and stamen of male flower (Beccari 2615 K[K000792678]). B. Female flower (Galao S15705 K[K001423314]). C. Fruits (Bernstein 179 K[without barcode]). D–F. D. hasseltii Zoll. D. Male flower with front calyx lobe removed (Smitinand 46521 K[K001361167]). E. Female inflorescences. F. Fruits. G–H. D. fecunda H.R.Fletcher. G. Male inflorescence; H. Fruit. Photographed by N. Meeprom and S. Duangjai.

Fig. 4. A–D. Diospyros bejaudii Lecomte. A. Male flowers. B. Female calyx and corolla. C. Twig with leaves. D in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 4. A–D. Diospyros bejaudii Lecomte. A. Male flowers. B. Female calyx and corolla. C. Twig with leaves. D. Fruit (Put 3161 K[K001361559]). E–H. D. retrofracta Bakh. E. Male flower (Kerr 10718 K[K001361567]). F. Remaining calyx of female flower (Kerr 12697A K[K001361574]). G. Twigs with leaves and fruits. H. Fruits. Photographed by N. Meeprom and S. Duangjai.

Fig. 3 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 3. Lectotype of D. bejaudii Lecomte (Béjaud 23 P[P00721441]) (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 2022).

Fig. 2 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 2. Occurrence map of D. apiculata Hiern (O), D. strigosa Hemsl. (Z) and D. tamiriensis Lecomte (A).

Fig. 1. A–B. Diospyros apiculata Hiern. A in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 1. A–B. Diospyros apiculata Hiern. A. Lower surface of leaf (Curtis 1584 K[K001345613]). B. Male flower (Maingay s.n. [Kew Distrib. no. 1514] K[K000792352]). C–D. D. eriantha Champ. ex Benth. var. eriantha. C. Lower surface of leaf (Champion 133 K[K000792287]). D. Female flower (Champion s.n. K[K000792289]). E–F. D. strigosa Hemsl. E. Lower surface of leaf (Collins 506 K[K001361689]). F. Female flower. G–H. D. tamiriensis Lecomte. G. Lower surface of leaf. H. Female flower (Pierre 5029 K[K001361754]). Photographed by N. Meeprom and S. Duangjai.

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Wind shadows from U.S. east coast offshore wind energy lease areas.

Georeferenced data layers describing whole wind farm wakes (wind shadows) for use in planning and development along the U.S. east coast based on WRF simulations performed using the accompanying namelist. Full details of the analysis are provided in: Pryor and Barthelmie: Wind shadows impact planning of large offshore wind farms   This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) (DE-SC0016605). The research used computing resources from the National Science Foundation: Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) (allocation award to SCP is TG-ATM170024) and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Рис. 3. Фотографии Laternula elliptica, сделанные около cтанции «Прогресс», ВосточнаЯ Антарктида. L. elliptica на морском дне с медкими камнЯми или гравием, глубина 27 м (А); несколько сифональных отверстий L. elliptica над поверхностью мЯгких осадков вокруг голотурии Staurocucumis turqueti, глубина 27 м (В); раковина L. elliptica (длина около 110 мм) на снегу около майны сраЗу после иЗвлечениЯ иЗ воды (С); пустые раковины L. elliptica на морском дне, глубина 56 м (D); раковина L. elliptica (вид с дорсального краЯ) на мЯгких осадках с камнЯми, покрытыми иЗвестковыми водорослЯми, глубина 30 м (Е); пара сифональных отверстий L. elliptica на поверхности мЯгких осадков, глубина 27 м (F). Фотографии О. Савинкина (A, B, D–F) и В. Потина (С). Fig. 3. Photographs of Laternula elliptica taken near «Progress» Research Station (East Antarctica). Softshelled clam L. elliptica on sea bottom with small stowns or gravel, depth 27 m (A); several open siphons of L. elliptica above soft bottom sediments around holothurian Staurocucumis turqueti, depth 27 m (B); a shell of L. elliptica (length about 110 mm) on snow near a dive hole just after dragging out of water (C); empty shells of L. elliptica on seafloor, depth 56 m (D); a shell of Laternula elliptica (dorsal view) on soft deposits among stones, covering by Lithothamnion, depth 30 m (E); pair of siphonal opening of L. elliptica on surface of soft sediments, depth 27 m (F). Photographs are taken by O. Savinkin (A, B, D–F) and V. Potin (C). in Species of warm-water origin Laternula elliptica (King, 1832) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Laternulidae), a widespread mollusk in recent Antarctica

Рис. 3. Фотографии Laternula elliptica, сделанные около cтанции «Прогресс», ВосточнаЯ Антарктида. L. elliptica на морском дне с медкими камнЯми или гравием, глубина 27 м (А); несколько сифональных отверстий L. elliptica над поверхностью мЯгких осадков вокруг голотурии Staurocucumis turqueti, глубина 27 м (В); раковина L. elliptica (длина около 110 мм) на снегу около майны сраЗу после иЗвлечениЯ иЗ воды (С); пустые раковины L. elliptica на морском дне, глубина 56 м (D); раковина L. elliptica (вид с дорсального краЯ) на мЯгких осадках с камнЯми, покрытыми иЗвестковыми водорослЯми, глубина 30 м (Е); пара сифональных отверстий L. elliptica на поверхности мЯгких осадков, глубина 27 м (F). Фотографии О. Савинкина (A, B, D–F) и В. Потина (С). Fig. 3. Photographs of Laternula elliptica taken near «Progress» Research Station (East Antarctica). Softshelled clam L. elliptica on sea bottom with small stowns or gravel, depth 27 m (A); several open siphons of L. elliptica above soft bottom sediments around holothurian Staurocucumis turqueti, depth 27 m (B); a shell of L. elliptica (length about 110 mm) on snow near a dive hole just after dragging out of water (C); empty shells of L. elliptica on seafloor, depth 56 m (D); a shell of Laternula elliptica (dorsal view) on soft deposits among stones, covering by Lithothamnion, depth 30 m (E); pair of siphonal opening of L. elliptica on surface of soft sediments, depth 27 m (F). Photographs are taken by O. Savinkin (A, B, D–F) and V. Potin (C).

Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm.

Рис. 4. Поселение Константиновка-1: А – раскоп 2. Остатки полуЗемлЯнки (жилиЩе 4); В – раскоп 3. Остатки (погреб) котлована постройки № 40. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 4. Поселение Константиновка-1: А – раскоп 2. Остатки полуЗемлЯнки (жилиЩе 4); В – раскоп 3. Остатки (погреб) котлована постройки № 40.

Рис. 5. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопов памЯтника Константиновка-1: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, пласт 6, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина раковины 49.3 мм; C, D – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 40.8 мм; G, H – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 41.6 мм; I–K – раскоп 1, пласт 1, квадрат Б2, длина фрагмента 35.8 мм; E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), подъемный материал, длина фрагмента 100.7 мм. Fig. 5. Marine bivalves from the Konstantinovka-1 site excavations: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – excavation 3, construction N 40, layer 6, square Ж.3-10, shell length 49.3 mm; C, D – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 40.8 mm; G, H – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 41.6 mm; I–K – excavation 1, formation 1, square B2, fragment length 35.8 mm); E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), lifting material, fragment length 100.7 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 5. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопов памЯтника Константиновка-1: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, пласт 6, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина раковины 49.3 мм; C, D – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 40.8 мм; G, H – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 41.6 мм; I–K – раскоп 1, пласт 1, квадрат Б2, длина фрагмента 35.8 мм; E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), подъемный материал, длина фрагмента 100.7 мм. Fig. 5. Marine bivalves from the Konstantinovka-1 site excavations: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – excavation 3, construction N 40, layer 6, square Ж.3-10, shell length 49.3 mm; C, D – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 40.8 mm; G, H – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 41.6 mm; I–K – excavation 1, formation 1, square B2, fragment length 35.8 mm); E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), lifting material, fragment length 100.7 mm.

Рис. 3. План поселениЯ Константиновка-1 (составлен А.Л. Ивлиевым). Fig. 3. A scheme of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site (a courtesy by A.L. Ivliev). in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 3. План поселениЯ Константиновка-1 (составлен А.Л. Ивлиевым). Fig. 3. A scheme of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site (a courtesy by A.L. Ivliev).

Рис. 1. Схема расположениЯ поселениЯ Константиновка-1 на карте ПриморьЯ. Fig. 1. A location map of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site in Primorye. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 1. Схема расположениЯ поселениЯ Константиновка-1 на карте ПриморьЯ. Fig. 1. A location map of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site in Primorye.

Detection of abrupt changes in East Asian monsoon from Chinese loess and speleothem records

There is a great interest concerning recent occurrences of tipping points in the climate system and great concern about those that could occur in the near future as a result of anthropogenic forcing. A lot of attention has been devoted to the study of past Dansgaard-Oeschger events, abrupt warmings of about 12°C on a time-scale of about 50 yrs that occurred during the last glacial period. Great effort is also dedicated to understanding the Atlantic Meridionnal overturning circulation and the Amazon forest dieback, which are already entering an unstable regime leading to tipping behavior. Instead, here we focus on the study of critical transitions in the SE Asian Monsoon that have occurred in the past 3.6 Myrs by a novel combination of advanced statistical tools (KS-test, recurrence quantification analysis). The SE Asian Monsoon is characterized by variations in the grain size with the occurrence of coarse material characterizing a strong winter monsoon mechanism with grains transported from the Chinese northern deserts by strong winds generated by the Siberian High located northward. By contrast intervals of fine grain size characterized periods during which the summer monsoon was rather reinforced. We have analyzed high-resolution grain-size datasets derived from Chinese loess sequences, i.e. the CHILOMOS and the LGS640 datasets, that we compare with the Chinese composite speleothem d18O records that arguably provide one the best representation of the Earth’s climate in the last 650 kyrs. Although visually observed rapid grain-size variations were previously interpreted as representing millennial-scale variations, our statistical analysis shows that both winter and summer monsoons co-varied at glacial-interglacial to millennial timescales. Analyzing a third dataset, i.e., MQSG, our statistical analysis shows that both winter and summer monsoon variations reflect a three-stage evolution of increasing intensity: (1) from 3.6 Ma to 2.6 Ma, (2) from 2.6 Ma to 1.2 Ma, and (3) from 1.2 Ma to present, with the winter monsoon strength increasing over these3 main steps. List of tables Table 1 KS test of the NGRIP and Hulu cave d18O for the last climate cycle. Comparison of the dates of abrupt warmings/moistening (left) and cooling/drying transitions (right). Labels for NGRIP according to Rasmussen et al. (2014) and for Hulu cave according to Wang et al. (2008). Table 2 KS test of the Chinese speleothem d18O and of the CHILOMOS grain-size composite for the last two climate cycles. Comparison of the dates of abrupt moistening (left) and drying transitions (right). Labels for the moistening transitions in the Chinese speleothem are from Wang et al. (2008) and in CHILOMOS from Yang and Ding (2014). The labels of the drying in CHILOMOS are from the present study Table 3 RQA of the Chinese speleothem d18O and of the CHILOMOS grain-size composite for the last two climate cycles. Dates of the minima are identified by the RR prominence, shown together with the equivalent transitions detected by the KS method. For easier reading, the dates have been re-ordered from younger to older. The most significant minima are highlighted in yellow. The original ranking is given in Suppl. Tab 1. Table 4 KS test of the Chinese speleothem  d18O and of the LGS640 dataset for the last 640 Myrs. Comparison of the dates of abrupt moistening and drying transitions in both records. The dates found in both records are highlighted in red and in blue for drying or moistening events respectively. Table 5 RQA of the LGS640 grain-size composite for the last seven climate cycles. Dates of the minima are identified by the RR prominence. The most significant minima (RR prominence >0.5) are highlighted in yellow.  Table 6 KS test and RQA of MGSQ grain dataset for the last 3.6 Myrs. In this analysis the moistening and drying transitions is labeled as warming and cooling. On the left, KS results with the corresponding marine isotope stage (MIS) boundaries. On the right, RQA results with minima ordered according their prominence value. Dates with RR>0.6 are highlighted in yellow. Table Supp.1. Abrupt transitions over the past 130 kyrs BP from the NGRIP, Chinese Speleothem and CHILOMOS records. Identification of the common abrupt warmings or moistenings on the left, and abrupt coolings or dryings on the right.  Differences between the highest and lowest transition dates. Indication of the NGRIP and Chinese interstadials and stadials (GI-GS and A-SA respectively). Table Supp.2. RQA of the 250 kyrs Chinese speleothem and CHILOMOS records ranked according the RR prominence, the chronology. Indication of the time difference between the identified transitions. Table Supp.3. Comparison of the KS-test results from the LGS 640 and the Chinese speleothem over the past 650 kyrs. Indication of the Marine isotope stratigraphy and the number of cool and warm transitions and the percentage of drying events per climate cycle

Рис. 3. Микроскульптура наружной поверхности глохидиальных створок Nodularia amurensis (А – р. РаЗдольнаЯ; B – р. Амур, Б. Уссурийский остров) и Middendorffinaia sujfunensis (С): A – участок створки ниже аддуктора; B – центральнаЯ часть створки (район аддуктора); C – у лигамента. СканируюЩаЯ ЭлектроннаЯ микроскопиЯ. МасШтаб 2 мкм. in Morphology of glochidia of the freshwater mussels Nodularia amurensis and Middendorffinaia sujfunensis (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Nodulariinae) from the Russian Far East

Рис. 3. Микроскульптура наружной поверхности глохидиальных створок Nodularia amurensis (А – р. РаЗдольнаЯ; B – р. Амур, Б. Уссурийский остров) и Middendorffinaia sujfunensis (С): A – участок створки ниже аддуктора; B – центральнаЯ часть створки (район аддуктора); C – у лигамента. СканируюЩаЯ ЭлектроннаЯ микроскопиЯ. МасШтаб 2 мкм.

Рис. 4. Микроскульптура наружной поверхности глохидиальных створок перловиц Nodularia biwae (A, D – увеличенный фрагмент) и Lanceolaria grayana (B, C – увеличенный фрагмент) иЗ Японии, о-в Хонсю. СканируюЩаЯ ЭлектроннаЯ микроскопиЯ. МасШтаб 1 мкм (А, В) и 2 мкм (C, D). Fig. 4. Microsculpture of external surface of glochidia of mussels Nodularia biwae (A, D – fragment) and Lanceolaria grayana (B, C – fragment) from Honshu Is., Japan. Scanning electron microscopy. Scale bar 1µm (А, В) and 2 µm (C, D). in Morphology of glochidia of the freshwater mussels Nodularia amurensis and Middendorffinaia sujfunensis (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Nodulariinae) from the Russian Far East

Рис. 4. Микроскульптура наружной поверхности глохидиальных створок перловиц Nodularia biwae (A, D – увеличенный фрагмент) и Lanceolaria grayana (B, C – увеличенный фрагмент) иЗ Японии, о-в Хонсю. СканируюЩаЯ ЭлектроннаЯ микроскопиЯ. МасШтаб 1 мкм (А, В) и 2 мкм (C, D). Fig. 4. Microsculpture of external surface of glochidia of mussels Nodularia biwae (A, D – fragment) and Lanceolaria grayana (B, C – fragment) from Honshu Is., Japan. Scanning electron microscopy. Scale bar 1µm (А, В) and 2 µm (C, D).

Fig. 1 in Morphology of glochidia of the freshwater mussels Nodularia amurensis and Middendorffinaia sujfunensis (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Nodulariinae) from the Russian Far East

Fig. 1. Glochidia of Nodularia amurensis from various view angles: А – Razdolnaya River; B, С – Amur River, Petrovskaya channel; D – Amur River, B. Ussuriysky Island. Abbreviations: lig – ligament; v.a – ventral angle; l.th – larval thread; v – valve of open glochidial shell. Scanning electron microscopy. Scale bar 2 µm.

Fig. 2 in Morphology of glochidia of the freshwater mussels Nodularia amurensis and Middendorffinaia sujfunensis (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Nodulariinae) from the Russian Far East

Fig. 2. Glochidia of Middendorffinaia sujfunensis from various view angles. Abbreviations: lig – ligament; v.a – ventral angle; l.th – larval thread; v – valve of open glochidial shell. Scanning electron microscopy. Scale bar: 2 µm.