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1,515 results for “marshes”
Data for "The impacts of bioturbation by common marsh crabs on sediment erodibility: a laboratory flume investigation"
<p>This repository contains supporting data for the paper, "The impacts of bioturbation by common marsh crabs on sediment erodibility: a laboratory flume investigation." This includes data collected during the flume experiment described within the paper, and flow velocity data collected during field validation.</p>
Coastal marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise is exacerbated by plant species invasion
<p>In this dataset, it compasses the data and mat code file to visualize figures in the manuscript. </p>
Main Sites of the 3rd Dynasty of Ur (modern and reconstructed river courses/canals, sites, reconstructed shoreline and marshes)
<p>Main Sites of the 3rd Dynasty of Ur (modern and reconstructed river courses/canals, cities, sites, reconstructed shoreline and marshes)</p>
Salt marsh litter quality and decomposition under sea-level rise scenarios: from leaves to fine absorptive roots
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Effects of salt marsh vegetation zonation on carbon and nitrogen cycling in Connecticut
<p>Coastal marshes fringing the Long Island Sound (Connecticut, USA) are dynamic ecosystems positioned at the interface between land and sea, and provide an array of essential ecosystem services to society associated with improved water quality, carbon sequestration, and disturbance regulation. However, these wetlands are increasingly altered by rising seas and invasive species, and have been affected by historical management such as tidal manipulation. We conducted a survey of 20 Connecticut salt marshes (10 tidally restored, 10 unrestricted references) in 2017 to quantify carbon mineralization, denitrification potential, microbial community composition, a<span>bove and belowground biomass and a suite of sediment characteristics. Carbon density was our only paramenter that differed between unrestricted and tidally restored marshes, but we observed strong differences across vegetation zones, with vegetation being a top predictor of microbial respiration and potential denitrification rates. Based on sea-level rise model projections, the replacement of <i>S. patens</i> by short-form <i>S. alterniflora</i> is expected to be widespread across the Connecticut coastline, decreasing statewide potential denitrification from the low-to-high marsh transitional zone. Our results suggest that changes in vegetation zones can serve as landscape-scale predictors of the rapid changes occurring in salt marshes.</span></p>
Sedimentation, sediment grain size, vegetation composition and vegetation characteristics on a salt marsh in nature reserve the Slufter (Wadden island Texel, the Netherlands)
<p>Data on sedimentation, sediment grain size, vegetation composition and vegetation characteristics of a field experiment on a salt marsh in nature reserve the Slufter (Wadden island Texel, the Netherlands).</p> <p>The data is described in the following publication:<br> Baaij, B.M., Kooijman, J., Limpens, J., Marijnissen, R.J.C., van Loon-Steensma, J.M. Monitoring Impact of Salt-Marsh Vegetation Characteristics on Sedimentation: an Outlook for Nature-Based Flood Protection. Wetlands 41, 76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01467-w</p> <p>A short description of the aim, study design, measurements and data files is given in README.txt.</p>
Raw data for salt marsh formation
<p>Full data points for Fig3~4 are saved in "simulation list.csv", example of simulation output for several cases are available.</p> <p>historical files contain the hourly records for various properties and the average files contain one averaged value for all the time steps in one hour.</p> <p>See full description in netcdf file.</p>
Fig. 16 in To the knowledge of Sarabandus robustus (LECONTE) (Col.: Scirtidae: Scirtinae), and on the groundplan of male marsh beetle genitalia
Fig. 16: Elodes minuta, frontal view of head of last instar larva; not to scale.
How hydrological connectivity regulates the plant recovery process in salt marshes
<p>1. Designing effective restoration strategies is a priority in recovering salt marsh plants. As a main driver underpinning the success of plant recovery process, hydrological connectivity can regulate life history process-based restoration strategies, but the relations are not clear.</p> <p>2. Plant recovering needs to go through a whole life history process, from seed to adult. Common restoration strategies are seed addition (SA) or seedling transplantation (ST), which start from seed germination and seedling growth stage. Besides these two strategies, another strategy starting from seed retention stage, microtopographic adjustment (MA), were designed to study the relationship with hydrological connectivity. And a framework was construct to assess a gradient of hydrological connectivity between marsh plain and sea and conducted several field experiments to test their relationships.</p> <p>3. The composite measurement of hydrological connectivity with five geomorphic variables can well represent the variation of environmental factors. Soil moisture, inundation frequency and sediment deposition were positive correlated, while soil salinity and hardness were negative correlated with hydrological connectivity.</p> <p>4. The success of different restoration strategies varied with hydrological connectivity. MA showed a monotone decreasing trend, while SA and ST showed unimodal trend with the increasing of hydrological connectivity. The important is, each strategy occupies a non-overlapping optimum range along hydrological connectivity gradient, they are low hydrological connectivity for MA (0 – 0.28), middle hydrological connectivity for SA (0.28 – 0.55) and high hydrological connectivity for ST (0.55 – 1).</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our findings expand the quantification of the hydrological environment beyond elevation or distance or other single index to include a range of elements of hydrological connectivity, and illustrate the underlying mechanisms of hydrological connectivity regulating restoration strategies based on different life stages. The results not only provide a reliable framework to assess hydrological connectivity, but also the guidance to select optimum restoration strategy under different hydrological connectivities, or to regulate the hydrological connectivity variables (topography on marsh plain and morphology of tidal creeks) to relief stresses. These findings will benefit ecological restoration and coastal management a lot.</p>
Hazardous and contaminated sites within salt marsh migration corridors in Rhode Island, USA
<p>These data on salt marsh migration corridors and hazardous and contaminated sites in Rhode Island support a project analyzing their overlap for the use of marsh restoration practitioners and HCS remediation specialists. </p> <p>As salt marshes attempt to migrate upland due to sea level rise, they will encounter many kinds of land development and infrastructure in highly populated, urbanized coastal communities. Hazardous and contaminated sites (HCSs) -- facilities and infrastructure that store, use, or release harmful substances -- are particularly concerning obstacles to salt marsh migration because of their potential to release contaminants if their structural integrity is compromised. Inventorying HCSs within migration pathways can inform coastal resilience planning. To understand what kinds of HCSs migrating marsh may encounter in Rhode Island, USA, we inventoried sites from federal and state sources, assigned contaminant hazard rankings to most sites, and overlayed them with projected marsh migration corridors. We found that HCSs are extensive across marsh migration corridors in the state, especially in urban areas. Among the most common HCSs in and around Rhode Island salt marshes are stormwater outfalls, underground storage tanks, and facilities registered with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) or EPA’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). These sites pose varying hazards to human and aquatic life if breached, with some sites representing little or no threat but most posing some degree of hazard to their surroundings. This coastal HCSs inventory can inform prioritization and management of coastal salt marshes subject to accelerated sea level rise. Management decisions such as allowing marsh migration, implementing adaptation actions to build salt marsh elevation, or erecting physical barriers at marsh sites will influence future salt marsh extent, marshes’ ability to provide ecosystem services, and public health exposures to toxic releases. In addition, as Rhode Island and other coastal states work to promote coastal resiliency, this type of inventory can inform decisions about which HCSs to prioritize for remediation and other climate adaptation actions. Marsh migration is just one potential consequence of sea level rise, so many of the considerations outlined here are widely applicable to the broader goal of preparing coastal communities for rising seas.</p>
Data for: Barnegat Bay (NJ) salt marsh extent 1995 and 2015
<p>We provide salt marsh delineations for Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, by means of object-based image analysis of high-resolution aerial imagery and digital elevation models. We performed trends analyses of salt marsh extent from 1995 to 2015 and estimated drivers of marsh area change. We found that in 1995, 8,830 ± 390 ha were covered with marsh vegetation, while in 2015 only 8,180 ± 380 ha of salt marsh habitat remained.</p>
Virginia marsh songbird rope-drag data – winter 2014
<p class="MsoNormal">Bird species that are restricted to tidal marshes during one or all of their life stages are under increasing pressure from sea-level rise. To date, most of the research focused on this group has been conducted during the breeding season despite the fact that more than half of the annual cycle is spent on wintering grounds and the high likelihood that the winter period is the most critical time for adult survival. We used a double-pass rope-drag technique to estimate the winter abundance of sharp-tailed sparrows (<em>Ammospiza</em> <em>nelson </em>and<em> A. caudacutus</em> collectively), seaside sparrows (<em>A. maritimus</em>) and marsh wrens (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) within tidal marshes of Virginia along 102 60×250 m transects between January and March 2014. We used the first pass to remove birds from the transect and the second pass was used to estimate detection probabilities. The technique was highly effective producing detection rates of 98% for sharp-tailed sparrows, 95% for seaside sparrows, and 91% for marsh wrens. We conducted three rounds of surveys and found that species-specific detection rates were comparable when we restricted our analyses to two survey rounds. Availability and abundance estimates deviated to a greater degree than detection rates when restricting data to that collected during only two rounds but confidence intervals overlapped for all three taxa, regardless of which two survey periods were used for the comparison. However, results were less precise when we restricted our analyses to two of three rounds with confidence intervals averaging 13%, 45%, and 14% larger for detection, availability, and abundance respectively. The double-pass rope-drag technique provides an effective, unbiased sampling technique to estimate winter songbird abundance in saltmarsh habitat provided that at least two rounds are used and increasing the number of survey rounds will result in more precise estimates.</p>
Channelling of basal resources and use of allochthonous marine carbon by soil arthropods of the Wadden Sea salt marsh
<p>Salt marshes are located between the marine and terrestrial systems. Because they form as sediment accumulates, they comprise a gradient of shore height with differing inundation frequencies and associated abiotic soil conditions. Along this gradient, both autochthonous vascular plant resources and allochthonous marine algal or detrital resources are available, with the availability of both varying with season and salt marsh zone. However, little is known about the importance of either resource for the soil animal food web. We investigated both spatial and temporal resource use of the soil macro- and mesofauna of the salt marsh using neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFAs). Generally, irrespective of season and zone the soil animal food web relied on carbon originating from autochthonous vascular plants and associated bacteria and fungi, with the role of bacteria generally exceeding that of fungi. However, the channelling of fungal resources consistently peaked in October, whereas seasonal changes in the channelling of plant and bacterial resources varied among salt marsh zones. Further, variations in the channelling of resources with season and zone varied among salt marsh animal species. Although being only minor, allochthonous resources of marine origin contributed to soil food web nutrition across salt marsh zones and seasons. The contribution of algae to soil food web nutrition depended on inundation frequency and season, i.e. algal productivity. Overall, the results demonstrate that the salt marsh soil fauna predominantly relies on autochthonous vascular plant resources, with the contribution of allochthonous marine resources being minor and restricted to few taxa.</p>
Does the effect of flowering time on biomass allocation across latitude differ between invasive and native salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora?
<p><span>Parallel latitudinal clines in flowering time have been documented in both the invasive and native ranges of plants. Furthermore, flowering time has been found to affect biomass at maturity. Therefore, understanding how these flowering times affect biomass accumulation across latitude is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions. </span><span>We investigated and compared trends in first flowering day (FFD), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) and BGB:AGB ratio of the salt marsh grass <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> along latitudinal gradients from the invasive (China, 19-40<sup>o</sup> N) and native range (United States, 27-43<sup>o</sup> N) in a greenhouse common garden experiment, and tested whether FFD would drive these divergences between invasive and native ranges. </span><span>The invasive populations produced more (~20%, ~19%) AGB and BGB than native populations, but there were no significant differences in the FFD and BGB:AGB ratio. We found significant parallel latitudinal clines in FFD in both invasive and native ranges. In addition, the BGB:AGB ratio was negatively correlated with the FFD in both the invasive and native ranges but non-significant in invasive populations. In contrast, AGB and BGB increased with latitude in the invasive range, but declined with latitude in the native range. Most interestingly, we found AGB and BGB positively correlated with the FFD in the native range, but no significant relationships in the invasive range. </span>Our results indirectly support the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) that <em>S. alterniflora</em> has evolved to produce greater AGB and BGB in China, and climatic conditions in the native might select for a flowering and allocation pattern is maintained in the invasive range. Our results also suggest that invasive <em>S. alterniflora</em> in China is not constrained by the trade-off of earlier flowering with smaller size, and that flowering time has played an important role on biomass allocation across latitude.</p>
Do highly anthropized hydrological conditions in marshes influence fish communities according to their life‐history strategies?
AbstractAlterations of natural hydrology in aquatic ecosystems are known to strongly impact the community composition of different taxa. Surprisingly, literature on the potential influence of hydrology on fish community composition is still very scarce in agricultural marshes, where canals represent one of the few remaining aquatic habitats. This study is aimed to address this research gap by monitoring fish communities in independent hydrological units differing in hydrology management over a 6 years period. We predicted variable fish responses to the hydrological context according to different life‐history strategies (opportunistic, equilibrium, or periodic species). Periodic and opportunistic species were the most frequently observed. Despite differences in hydrology between canals (but little variation over years), we found that hydrology explained only a very low proportion of variation in the composition of fish communities. In particular, the flooding duration of meadows in early spring did not influence the composition of fish communities, not even the abundance of periodic species expected to rely on such temporary habitats. Instead, fish communities were more influenced by local habitat variables (aquatic vegetation cover, turbidity, tree roots, and refuges under the canal banks). The hydrological management of most hydrological units for agricultural purposes (i.e., severe flood abatement in spring and shallow water depth in canals in summer) was found to be incompatible with conservation goals to promote more diverse fish communities between hydrological units. Therefore, we call for further investigations in similar habitats covering a larger range of hydrological conditions.
Figure 2 in First data on water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) assemblages of Point Rosa Marsh, Harrison Township, Michigan, USA, and their use as environmental bioindicators of aquatic health
Figure 2 Point Rosa Marsh along Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, Michigan, USA. (A) Taken at
Figure 1 in First data on water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) assemblages of Point Rosa Marsh, Harrison Township, Michigan, USA, and their use as environmental bioindicators of aquatic health
Figure 1 Map of Lake St. Clair Metropark with inset showing placement in the Lake St. Clair
Randomly Distributed Crab Burrows Enhance Groundwater Flow and Salt Transport in Creek-Marsh Systems
<p>This dataset contains SUTRA input file and training image that used in our research paper "Randomly Distributed Crab Burrows Enhance Groundwater Flow and Salt Transport in Creek-Marsh Systems".</p>
This Land is Your Land, This Could Be Marsh Land: Property Parcel Characteristics of Marsh Migration Corridors in Rhode Island, USA
<p>These data on Rhode Island property parcels and salt marsh migration projections support a project analyzing their overlap. Salt marshes, critical habitats offering many ecosystem services, are threatened by development, sea level rise (SLR) and other anthropogenic stressors that are projected to worsen. As seas rise, some salt marshes can migrate inland if there is adjacent, permeable, undeveloped land available. Facilitating marsh migration is necessary for coastal resilience efforts, but extensive coastal development can make finding suitable migration corridors challenging. This work seeks to characterize the changes in land use, ownership, and economic value at the property parcel level within projected 2050 marsh extent for the state of Rhode Island, USA. We find that most parcels currently containing salt marsh are publicly owned, whereas most adjacent parcels projected to contain new salt marsh in 2050 are privately owned. Additionally, parcels containing new marsh in 2050 have 47% higher per-hectare assessed values than parcels containing current marsh. We describe the locations and characteristics of parcels within migration corridors with the lowest per-hectare values that may be the most cost-effective for marsh conservation practitioners to protect. This study highlights the expanding land use types and landowner sets that will be involved in marsh conservation decisions, and the economic value of potential migration corridors where costly tradeoffs may be necessary to promote coastal resilience.</p>
Individual survival is dictated by group personality in a marsh ecosystem predator-prey interaction
<p>Predator–prey interactions structure ecological communities, and personality can significantly mediate these interactions. Personality expression is often contingent on social context, suggesting that group personality may be key in determining the outcomes of predator encounters. Here we test the influence of individual personality and group composition on survival of the marsh periwinkle, <em>Littoraria irrorata</em>, when exposed to its main predator, the blue crab, <em>Callinectes</em> <em>sapidus</em>, both integral players in mediating the productivity and health of salt marsh ecosystems. Personality varied along a bold-shy continuum and was unrelated to shell length, though neither trait influenced survival when individual snails were exposed to a predator. However, when snails were partitioned into groups differing in personality composition, snails in groups with bold individuals had higher survival than those in groups with none. While group type did not influence the survival of bold snails, shy snails performed significantly better in mixed groups: the presence of a few bold individuals emerged as especially effective in decreasing mortality of shy snails. The effect of personality on predator escape is thus conditional on group personality composition, indicating that social context can directly impact the survival and success of its individual members, with broad implications for community dynamics. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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