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706 results for “protected area.”
Data from: Genetic connectivity of Lionfish (Pterois volitans) in marine protected areas of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Lionfish (<i>Pterois volitans</i>) have rapidly invaded the tropical Atlantic and spread across the wider Caribbean in a relatively short period of time. Because of its high invasion capacity, we used it as a model to identify the connectivity among nine marine protected areas (MPAs) situated in four countries in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.<span class="MsoBookTitle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This study provides evidence of local genetic differentiation of <i>P. volitans</i>in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>A total of 475 lionfi</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>s</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>h samples were characterized with 12 microsatellites, with 6 to 20 alleles per locus. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were found in 10 of the 12 loci, all caused by heterozygous excess. Moderate genetic differentiation was observed between Chiriviche, Venezuela and Xcalak , México localities (F<sub>ST</sub>= 0.012), and between the Los Roques and Veracruz (F<sub>ST</sub>= 0.074) sites. STRUCTURE analysis found that four genetic entities best fit our data. A unique genetic group in the Gulf of Mexico may imply that the lionfish invasion unfolded both in a counter-clockwise manner in the Gulf of Mexico<span><span>.</span></span>In spite of thenotable dispersion of <i>P. volitans</i>, our results show some genetic structure, as do other noninvasive Caribbean fish species, suggesting that the connectivity in some MPAs analyzed in the Caribbean is limited and caused by only a few source individuals with subsequent genetic drift leading to local genetic differentiation. This indicates that <i>P. volitans</i>dispersion could be caused by mesoscale phenomena, which produce stochastic connectivity pulses. Due to the isolation of some MPAs from others, these findings may hold a promise for local short-term control of by means of intensive fishing, even in MPAs, and may have regional long-term effects.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 1 in Responses of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) (Penaeoidea) to physico-chemical parameters in a marine protected area: changes in abundance and distribution after 20 years
Figure 1. Marine protected area (MPA) and sampling stations in Fortaleza Bay.
FIGURE 23 in Two new species of Adapterops (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) from protected areas of northern Madagascar, with a key to species, and new faunistic data on the genus
FIGURE 23. Distribution of Adapterops species in Madagascar.
FIGURE 11 in Two new species of Adapterops (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) from protected areas of northern Madagascar, with a key to species, and new faunistic data on the genus
FIGURE 11. Rain forest in Forêt d´Ambre, type locality of Adapterops mamyi sp. nov.
PROTECTION OF IRRIGATED AREAS FROM WATER EROSION
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Fig. 5 in Meiofaunal Biodiversity In A Marine Protected Area: A Case Study In The Rocky And Sedimentary Shores Of The Snake Island (North-Western Black Sea)
Fig. 5. The average density (N, means ± SE ind.·m–2) and biomass (B, means ± SE mg·m–2) of each meiobenthic taxon in the different habitats of the Snake Island MPA (Black Sea).
Silenzi in Quota Dataset: Questionnaires with Acoustical and Contextual Information from Soundwalks in Protected Natural Areas (International)
<p>The Silenzi in Quota Dataset contains the results of a number of soundscape assessments completed in various protected natural areas across Europe, including the Dolomites (IT), the Cairngorms National Park (UK) and the Malla Nature Reserve (FI). The data collection was conducted via an adapted version of the soundwalk with questionnaire following the ISO/TS 12913-2: 2018 Method A [1]. The dataset contains questionnaire responses and acoustic analyses' output following the reporting requirements set in the above mentioned ISO/TS.</p> <p>It is expected that this dataset will grow as more contributions are added from future soundwalks. While, all the data has been collected by the Silenzi in Quota, including the team members from University College London and University of Trento, the authors would wellcome contributions from other teams across the world following the same data collection protocol.</p> <p>The binaural audio recordings from each assessment point are publically available for listening at the following pages:</p> <p>https://soundcloud.com/simone-torresin</p> <p>https://soundcloud.com/user-10405353</p> <p> </p> <p>[1] ISO/TS 12913-2:2018 (2018). “Acoustics – Soundscape – Part 2: Data collection and reporting requirements” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Ednie A, Gale T (2021) Soundscapes and protected area conservation: Are noises in nature making people complacent? Nature Conservation 44: 177-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.44.69578
Connections to nature survey
Dataset of spillover effects of protected areas on the QTP
<p>Aim: Although protected areas (PAs) are assumed to reduce threats to nature within boundaries, their spillover effects remain equivocal. It is necessary to not only determine whether PAs truly achieve conservation targets but also whether they promote or inhibit natural habitat degradation in adjacent areas by blockage or leakage spillover. This study aims to choose 54 nature reserves (NRs) focusing on forest protection as a case study to assess PA conservation effectiveness and spillover prevalence.</p> <p>Location: PAs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP)</p> <p>Methods: We used matching methods to compare deforestation rates inside PAs and their 20 km buffer zones with matched control areas based on the Global Forest Change data from 2001 to 2019. We contrasted the effects of NRs with different management levels, ages and areas. We designed 5 concentric buffer zones to assess spillover change with distance and estimated potential drivers of the spillover effect to explain its directions and magnitudes.</p> <p>Results: 75.9% of the NRs were effective in preventing deforestation within their boundaries. NRs with different properties showed similar performance on forest conservation. Positive spillover value decreased with distance from NR boundary to further landscape, but the trend of spillover change varied around individual NR. Blockages slightly outnumbered leakages at different distances while leakages happened more frequently when we treated buffer zones as a whole spillover area. The linear model indicated NR age and population density of buffer zones were the most relevant predictors to spillover value.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Most PAs performed well in forest conservation. Leakages could undermine or offset PA conservation efforts and were related to multiple natural or socioeconomic factors. We recommend considering the plurality of PAs as well as spillover effect and incorporating a social-ecological framework in further PA establishment and management.</p>
Distribution records: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and flood risk reduction: the new strategy for freshwater protected areas
<p><span><strong>Aim:</strong> </span><span>Natural disaster risk reduction (DRR) is becoming a more important function of protected area (PAs) for current and future global warming. However, biodiversity conservation and DRR have been handled separately and their interrelationship has not been explicitly addressed. This is mainly because, due of prevailing strategies and criteria for PA placement, a large proportion of PAs are currently located far from human-occupied areas, and habitats in human-occupied areas have been largely ignored as potential sites for conservation despite their high biodiversity. If intensely developed lowland areas with high flooding risk overlap with important sites for biodiversity conservation, it would be reasonable to try to harmonize biodiversity conservation and human development in human-inhabited lowland areas. Here, we examined whether extant PAs can conserve macroinvertebrate and freshwater fish biodiversity and whether human-inhabited lowland flood risk management sites might be suitable to designate as freshwater protected areas (FPAs).</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location:</strong> </span><span>Across Japan</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods:</strong> </span><span>We examined whether extant PAs can conserve macroinvertebrate and freshwater fish biodiversity and analyzed the relationship between candidate sites for new FPAs and flood disaster risk and land use intensity at a national scale across Japan based on</span><span> distribution data for 131 freshwater fish species and 1395 macroinvertebrate species.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results:</strong> </span><span>We found that extant PAs overlapped with approximately 30% of conservation-priority grid cells (1 km<sup>2</sup>) for both taxa. Particularly for red-listed species, only one species of freshwater fish and three species of macroinvertebrate achieved the representation target within extant PAs.</span><span> Moreover, more than 40% of candidate conservation-priority grid cells were located in </span><span>flood risk and human-occupied areas for both taxa.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> </span><span>Floodplain conservation provides suitable habitat for many freshwater organisms and helps control floodwaters, so establishing new FPAs in areas with high flood risk could be a win-win strategy for conserving freshwater biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem-based DRR (eco-DRR).</span></p>
Sustainability of Everyman's Right in Protected Areas: A Case Study from Estonia
<p>We have added the supplementary material for the mansucript</p>
Using the Area of Habitat to assess the extent of protection of India's birds
<p>India hosts multiple global biodiversity hotspots while being one of the most populous countries in the world. Here, we examine how well India has protected its avifauna, based on the fraction of their ranges falling within "protected areas." India has protected 5% of its land this way. The issue is whether India has done better than expected in protecting its threatened species. To this end, we assessed 99 Near Threatened, Threatened, and small-ranged species by estimating their Area of Habitat (AOH). We refined published species ranges using secondary information on elevation limits and habitat preferences. More than half (52) of the species assessed have their AOH <30% of their published ranges, while 31 have <10%. India has protected 87 threatened species' AOH more than expected (>5%), and for 33 species, the proportion protected exceeds the Aichi target (>17%). When we consider the top 10% richest regions as hotspots, only 9.2% of their total area falls under India's protected area network, inadequately covering areas with most threatened birds. We also discuss the conservation concerns for grassland and open habitat species across India, since we find that substantial proportions of their AOHs fall outside protected areas. This result highlights the significance of alternative conservation models, including other effective area-based conservation measures. We show that species' AOH provides a more realistic well-informed range that can aid in assessing their protection status.</p>
Assessing the level of compliance with alien plant regulations in a large African protected area
<p>Regulations provide the legal basis for managing biological invasions, but assessments of their effectiveness are rare. To assess the influence of national and local regulations on alien plant species richness and composition in a large protected area (Kruger National Park; KNP; South Africa) we surveyed tourist camps and staff villages for alien ornamental plants. We compared our survey results in 2020 with a previous survey carried out between 1999 and 2003, in the context of national regulations on alien plants promulgated in 2001 and 2014. The number of alien plant species recorded in KNP has almost doubled since the first survey (231 to 438), although there has been significant species turnover (93% average replacement across all camps). Importantly, however, both the number of recorded listed and regulated alien plant species found in KNP, and their species richness per camp, have declined (by 38% overall and by 56% per camp). This suggests that regulations are effective. In contrast, the number of recorded unregulated ornamental alien species recorded has increased (by 157% overall), but this likely partly due to an increase in survey effort. Alien species regulations provide clear guidance for conservation managers, and there are promising signs of their effectiveness in directing management in KNP. However, converting alien species lists into priorities for control or regulation will continue to require risk analyses sensitive to park user needs. We advocate for better regulation effectiveness monitoring, and for such monitoring results to be interpreted based on local management needs and concerns.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Pina S, Vasconcelos S, Reino L, Santana J, Beja P, Sánchez-Oliver JS, Catry I, Moreira F, Ferreira S (2017) The Orthoptera of Castro Verde Special Protection Area (Southern Portugal): new data and conservation value. ZooKeys 691: 19-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.14842
Table S1. Species frequency of occurrence per habitat :
Figure 3 from: Pina S, Vasconcelos S, Reino L, Santana J, Beja P, Sánchez-Oliver JS, Catry I, Moreira F, Ferreira S (2017) The Orthoptera of Castro Verde Special Protection Area (Southern Portugal): new data and conservation value. ZooKeys 691: 19-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.14842
Figure 3 - Frequency of occurrence (%) of each Orthoptera species per habitat type, calculated by dividing the number of occurrences by the number of transects in each habitat type (a), and percentage of sampling sites where the species occurred (b).
Figure 1 from: Pina S, Vasconcelos S, Reino L, Santana J, Beja P, Sánchez-Oliver JS, Catry I, Moreira F, Ferreira S (2017) The Orthoptera of Castro Verde Special Protection Area (Southern Portugal): new data and conservation value. ZooKeys 691: 19-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.14842
Figure 1 - Location of the study area in southern Portugal showing the sites sampled (triangles), the Special Protection Area of Castro Verde, and the six municipalities encompassed.
Figure 2 from: Pina S, Vasconcelos S, Reino L, Santana J, Beja P, Sánchez-Oliver JS, Catry I, Moreira F, Ferreira S (2017) The Orthoptera of Castro Verde Special Protection Area (Southern Portugal): new data and conservation value. ZooKeys 691: 19-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.14842
Figure 2 - Total number of Orthoptera species per family and per subfamily. The Acrididae and Tettigonidae subfamilies are discriminated in the stacked columns.
Figure 1 from: Souladeth P, Tagane S, Zhang M, Okabe N, Yahara T (2017) Flora of Nam Kading National Protected Area I: a new species of yellow-flowered Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae), S. namkadingensis. PhytoKeys 81: 11-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.81.13203
Figure 1 - Locality of Nam Kading National Protected Area. White circle indicates where we found Strobilanthes namkadingensis Soulad. & Tagane.
Figure 2 from: Souladeth P, Tagane S, Zhang M, Okabe N, Yahara T (2017) Flora of Nam Kading National Protected Area I: a new species of yellow-flowered Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae), S. namkadingensis. PhytoKeys 81: 11-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.81.13203
Figure 2 - Strobilanthes namkadingensis Soulad. & Tagane. A flowering branch B abaxial leaf surface C inflorescence D flower E side view of corolla F floral bracts G corolla opened out H fruit with calyx J longitudinal section of capsule showing seeds (from Tagane et al. L426, FU). All scale bars: 5 mm.
Figures 7-8 from: de Pinho FF, Ferreira GB, Paglia AP (2017) Influence of vegetation physiognomy, elevation and fire frequency on medium and large mammals in two protected areas of the Espinhaço Range. Zoologia 34: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e11921
Figures 7-8 - (7) Species richness and confidence interval (95%) in low (<1000 m) and high elevation (>1200 m) in Rio Preto State Park. (8) Use intensity by medium and large mammals and confidence interval (95%) in low (<1000 m) and high elevation (>1200 m) in Rio Preto State Park.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.