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Figure 23 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 23: Fish biomass (CEN gillnets) in the shallow sunlit zone near the lake floor to around 12 m was higher in lakes with more phosphorus. In the deeper parts of the lakes (below 50 m), benthic fish biomass was highest in the lakes with very low phosphorus. Dashed lines are shown for statistically significant relationships (surface: p-value = 0.003, R2 = 0.74; middle: p-value = 0.63, R2 = 0.02, deep: p-value = 0.014, R2 = 0.467). Horizontal axis is displayed on a log scale.

Figure 14 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 14: Whole-lake average fish biomass per unit net area in vertical nets was lower in deeper lakes due to their proportionally larger volume of less productive habitat. Note that vertical and horizontal axes are on a log scale. Lakes that have returned from a period of eutrophic conditions with hypoxia in the hypolimnion in at least part of the lake to meso- or oligotropic conditions are indicated in blue, while yellow points indicate re-oligotrophied lakes that have lost profundal fish species.

Figure 10 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 10: Uniqueness of the fish communities of all lakes and catchments. Uniqueness index for each lake was calculated as the sum of the inverse of the number of lakes where each species in the lake was recorded.

Figure 17 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 17: Habitat associations of fishes in the littoral zone in late summer/autumn based on sampling in 28 perialpine lakes. Grey lines indicate that the species was recorded (electrofishing and shallow-set vertical nets) more often in this littoral habitat than in other habitats. The thickness of the line reflects how much more frequently than random the species was recorded in the habitat. Associations were averaged among lakes and shown only where the association was positive in more than half of the lakes in which a species was recorded. Only fish species recorded in the littoral zone of at least three lakes are shown. Three species were recorded in at least three lakes, but had no clear habitat association (Carassius gibelio, Rhodeus amarus, Telestes muticellus). Lineages of Barbatula spp and forms of Perca fluviatilis could unfortunately not be differentiated in the analysis. Inflows and outflows are excluded to focus on the lacustrine habitats. Note that some of these species may have their strongest associations with other habitats outside the littoral (e.g. the sublittoral, profundal or pelagic), but such habitat occurrences could not be included in this analysis. See [47] for more information on the calculation of habitat association.

Figure 6 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 6: Species-abundance distributions (SADs) for each of 35 perialpine lakes and 1 lowland lake. These SADs result from combining partial SADs obtained by sampling with the CEN netting protocol, the VERT netting protocol and the electrofishing protocol (for all partial SADs see Appendix B Figure 69). Abundances are log2-transformed. Normal distributions are indicated by a thin line in each plot. The qualitative fit to the expected distribution is indicated by coloured circles: dark green = good fit, light green = modest fit, orange = poor fit, red = very poor fit. Colour of bars indicates drainage systems: green = Rhone, red = Rhine, orange = Po, blue = Danube. Note the systematic difference between Rhine lakes (9 good, 3 modest, 4 poor, 1 very poor) and Po lakes (0 good, 1 modest, 2 poor, 6 very poor). This difference cannot be due to differences in sampling effort because Maggiore and Lugano were among the best sampled lakes, but both have very poor fits to the expected distributions. Lake Aulnes is a lowland lake in the southern Rhone drainage that we sampled but did not otherwise consider in this report.

Figure 1 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 1: Map of lakes surveyed by Projet Lac with major river networks and catchments indicated by background colour. Note that the Aare-Rhine includes the subcatchments of the Reuss and Limat rivers. Data source: Federal Office of Topography swisstopo 2020.

Figure 19 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 19: Opposing relationships with total phosphorus for the biomass of the two most common fish taxa among the large and deep lakes (average depth> 50 m). Data are whole-lake average biomass (in grams) of fish per vertical net battery. Note that the horizontal axis is on a log scale. Regression statistics for Coregonus are p-value = 0.005, R2 = 0.57 and perch are p-value = 0.004, R2 = 0.58. Shaded regions show thresholds for total phosphorus of 10 μg / L and 5 μg / L.

Figure 22 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 22: Whole-lake average number of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) per vertical net battery compared to total phosphorus concentration in large and deep lakes (average depth> 50 m). The left panel shows the relationship for all perch caught in the lake (p-value = 0.022, R2 = 0.42). The right panel shows the relationship for only perch larger than 20 cm (length from snout to the tip of the tail; p-value = 0.003, R2 = 0.6). Note that the horizontal axis is on a log scale. Dashed red lines indicate statistically significant relationships.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 1906View details →

Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report, Part 2, plate XL showing seals found during excavations.

Theodor Bloch, "Excavations at Basarh," Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report 1903-04, Part 2  (Calcutta: Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1906): plate XL.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2016View details →

Fig. 3 in New species and species reports of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) from the eastern forest corridor of Madagascar

Fig. 3. – Croton droguetioides Kainul. & Radcl.-Sm. A. Habit and habitat in rainforest; B. Flowering branch with staminate flowers; C. Underside of branch showing the stipitate glands, the sparsely stellate-pubescent leaves and the villous petioles and stem; D. Inflorescence with staminate flowers and buds; E. Inflorescence with pistillate flower; F. Immature fruit. [Photos: A: K. Kainulainen; B-F: P. Berry]

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2016View details →

Fig. 6. – Croton enigmaticus P.E. Berry & B.W in New species and species reports of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) from the eastern forest corridor of Madagascar

Fig. 6. – Croton enigmaticus P.E. Berry & B.W. van Ee. A. Climbing habit, here together with a climbing bamboo; B. Adventitious roots emerging from the stems; C. Typical trichotomous branching; D. Leaves; E. Close-up of the densely hirsute newly emergent leaves. Note the falcate stipules and stipitate acropetiolar glands; F. Inflorescence with the pedicels of the staminate flowers perpendicular to the axis of the rachis; G. Pistillate flower. Note the somewhat unequal, foliaceous sepals and thrice bifurcating stigmas; H. Inflorescence showing an immature fruit, foliaceous bracts along the rachis, and staminate pedicels of varying lengths. [Photos: P. Berry]

Final project report: The Side Effects of Forced Online Distance Education (FODE)

The outbreak of COVID-19 forced most universities into distance education. Three didacticians and researchers from the University of Maribor, Slovenia: Kosta Dolenc, Mateja Ploj Virtič and Andrej &Scaron;orgo formed a self-initiated initiative project group during the COVID-19 epidemic and started the project with the working title: The Side Effects of Forced Online Distance Education (FODE). The aim of the project, was to investigate the response of university teachers and students to the new situation.

FIG. 12 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 12. — Intuitive phylogenetic tree based on carapace morphologies as outlined in the present study and on data from McLaughlin et al.(2007) and Fraaije et al.(2019). Important synapomorphies include the following: 1, cylindrical carapace; 2, cervical and branchial grooves widely separated; 3, arrow-shaped gastric region; 4, cervical groove not extending to lateral border; 5, intragastric grooves; 6, Y-linea; 7, spinose posterolateral borders.

FIG. 9 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 9. — Changes in taxonomic composition amongst paguroid assemblages within reefal settings during the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian and Tithonian) and mid-Cretaceous (Albian) compared to modern faunas. Grey, Gastrodoridae; orange, cylindrical carapace; blue, non-cylindrical carapace.

FIG. 2 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 2. — Branchial condensation in representatives of the families Parapylochelidae (A, B), Gastrodoridae (C), Xylopaguridae (D, E) and Pylojacquesidae (F).

FIG. 5 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 5. — Isochelous chelae of Schobertella simonsenetlangi Schweigert, Fraaije, Havlik & Nützel, 2013 (SMNS 70555, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany, from the Lower Jurassic (upper Pliensbachian) Amaltheenton Formation of Iggingen near Aalen, southwestern Germany. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 1 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 1. — Branchial condensation in basal paguroid genera: A, Platykotta Chablais, Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2011; B, Schobertella Schweigert, Fraaije, Havlik & Nützel, 2013; C, Eopaguropsis Fraaije, Krzemiński, Van Bakel, Krzemińska & Jagt, 2012.

FIG. 8 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 8. — Schobertella simonsenetlangi Schweigert, Fraaije, Havlik & Nützel, 2013 (SMNS 70555; see also Fig. 5), from the Lower Jurassic (upper Pliensbachian) Amaltheenton Formation of Iggingen near Aalen, southwestern Germany: (A) showing new details of shield morphology, compared to Eopaguropsis nidiaquilae Fraaije, Krzemiński, Van Bakel, Krzemińska & Jagt, 2012 (B) (see Fraaije et al. 2012c: fig. 2d). Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 4 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 4. — Changes in the massetic regions through time; from the Late Jurassic Annuntidiogenes jurassicus Fraaije, 2014 (A) to the mid-Cretaceous (late Albian) Annuntidiogenes worfi Fraaije, van Bakel, Jagt, Klompmaker & Artal, 2009 (B) and extant Paguristes sp. (C).

FIG. 3 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 3. — Reduction of rostral length during the Late Jurassic in representatives of the families Gastrodoridae (A), Parapylochelidae (B) and Pylochelidae (C).