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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

LROC NAC-based high-resolution (2 m per pixel) digital elevation models (DEMs) of twelve regions on the Moon containing ring-moat dome structures (RMDSs)

The DEMs were constructed based on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images using shape from shading constrained by lower-resolution stereo data. They have been introduced in the following publication, where more details can be found:   F. Zhang, J. W. Head, C. Wöhler, R. Bugiolacchi, L. Wilson, A. T. Basilevsky, A. Grumpe, Y. L. Zou. Ring-Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in the Lunar Maria: Statistical, Compositional, and Morphological Characterization and Assessment of Theories of Origin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 125, e2019JE005967. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE005967   The file format of the DEMs is GEOTIFF, the pixel values indicate evelations in meters. The DEMs are numbered as in Table 1 of the paper.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2010View details →

Figure 5. Male ring 6 in The millipede genus Tasmaniosoma Verhoeff, 1936 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Dalodesmidae) from Tasmania, Australia, with descriptions of 18 new species

Figure 5. Male ring 6, ventral view (anterior to top) showing variation in structure. A Tasmaniosoma armatum Verhoeff, 1936; no leg 6 tab; short, thin leg 7 tab with brush of fine setae; paired and raised brushes of fine setae medially on anterior margin of sternite B T. barbatulum sp. n.; short leg 6 tab with a few fine setae; long, thickened leg 7 tab with brush of stout setae; a few scattered setae on anterior margin C T. fasciculum sp. n.; short leg 6 tab with a few fine setae; long, thickened leg 7 tab with brush of stout setae; no setae on anterior margin D T. hickmanorum sp. n.; no leg 6 tab; long, thickened leg 7 tab with brush of stout setae; anterior margin with wide median notch. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2010View details →

Figure 4. Male ring 2 in The millipede genus Tasmaniosoma Verhoeff, 1936 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Dalodesmidae) from Tasmania, Australia, with descriptions of 18 new species

Figure 4. Male ring 2, ventral view of right side (anterior to right) showing variation in structure. A Tasmaniosoma compitale sp. n., paratype male QVM 23:45970, pit not apparent B T. armatum Verhoeff, 1936, topotypical male ex QVM 23:46567, pit fairly shallow, not well defined medially and posteriorly C T. cacofonix sp. n., voucher male ex QVM 23:46724, pit deep, small D T. decussatum sp. n., male paratype ex QVM 23:46699, pit deep, large. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Ring Scissors

Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 27 August 2019

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Stable carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes in tree rings from temperate forests within long-term monitoring network in the UK

Supporting dataset for the paper "Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water‑use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain" by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports DOI is 10.1038/s41598-020-67562-w (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w</a>) The dataset includes carbon, oxygen and nitrogen stable isotope composition measured in tree rings for four species at twelve forests across climate and atmospheric deposition gradients in Britain. Data were used to i) investigate spatial and temporal (over 30‑years) changes in tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE, i.e., the ratio between CO2 assimilation - A, and stomatal conductance- gs); ii) assess the possible species-specific physiological mechanisms (changes in A and/or gs) evaluate whether sites receiving high Ndep experience increase in ecosystem N availability and N saturation (using tree-ring nitrogen isotope composition as a proxy); iv) elucidate drivers of spatial and temporal changes in the isotope-derived physiological and ecological processes (i.e., relative contribution of climate vs. changes in atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen and sulfur deposition).  The following files are available: <ul> <li>CSV file including: a) Site names; b) Species; c) Latitude; d) Longitude; e) Investigated years (1980-2010); f) Measured isotope-related parameters and tree ring nitrogen %. Isotope-related parameters included in the dataset are:  1) delta13C, 2) carbon isotope discrimination (Delta13C), 3) intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) and the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ci/ca), delta18O, estimated delta18O in precipitation (delta18OP) according to Barbour et al. 2001 (see Method in Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports), oxygen isotope discrimination above the source water (Delta18O), delta15N. </li> <li>PDF file reporting the equations used to calculate the isotope-derived parameters, which can also be found in the paper by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports (accepted)</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Post-disturbance conifer tree-ring δ15N reflects openness of the nitrogen cycle across temperate coastal rainforests

1. Post-disturbance losses in nitrogen (N) may diminish forest productivity, and soils with inherently 'open' N cycles (high nitrification rates) are considered the most vulnerable to leaching losses of NO3-. Monitoring ongoing N depletion from soil profiles is challenging, but tree-ring δ15N of regenerating stands may offer an effective method for assessing site-specific, long-term soil N dynamics. Evidence to date is mixed, however, and includes increasing, unchanging, or decreasing tree-ring δ15N in young stands following stand-level disturbances, possibly because of contrasting soil fertility among study sites. In addition, a consensus on post-disturbance N trajectories is hampered by the sometimes inconsistent patterns in tree-ring δ15N found between tree species of differing mycorrhizal association. <a name="_Hlk38376288">2. We compared tree-ring </a>δ15N of two conifer species (Picea sitchensis with ectomycorrhizal fungi and Thuja plicata with arbuscular mycorrhiza) from a replicated silviculture trial across temperate rainforests of Vancouver Island (Canada). A natural gradient in soil fertility across the six sites, driven largely by topography and parent materials, was confirmed by an in situ increase in N mineralization and nitrification rates with declining C:N ratios for both organic horizons and mineral soils. 3. Five decades after logging, the overall trend in tree-ring δ15N was positive, but among individual plots there was a wide range in δ15N slopes, ranging from nearly 0 to 0.13. We found the gains in tree-ring δ15N over time were consistent between mycorrhizal types and escalated sharply (up to 6‰) with increasing N mineralization rates, although less so on flat terrain with seasonal water tables. The most recent sapwood was also enriched in 15N as soil N mineralization rates increased, perhaps slightly more so for T. plicata than P. sitchensis. 4. Synthesis. The correspondence of tree-ring δ15N with soil fertility may be especially strong in regenerating forests because of tree ontogeny effects, including the expansion of rooting depth and differences in N resorption efficiency with stand age. <a name="_Hlk37683599">Sharp</a> increases in tree-ring d15N underscore the vulnerability of low C:N soils with open N cycles to post-disturbance N losses, and highlight how repeated, frequent harvest cycles may risk substantial N depletion from these productive rainforest ecosystems.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2014View details →

Figure 3 in Ringing studies of the turtle dove Streptopelia turtur (Aves: Columbidae during passage through Antikythera Island, southwestern Greece

Figure 3. Autumn migration phenology of the turtle dove through Antikythera based on netting. Arrow shows the median passage date of the species.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Primary metric measurements of USA tree rings in one dataset in JSON format.

The International Tree Rings Data Bank (ITRDB) is the most comprehensive tree growth database (https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering). Shoudong Zhao, et al. (2019, 2018) analyzes the representativity of dendrochronological data (ITRDB) and proposes a corrected database with error indications. One of the bottlenecks of data use (ITRDB) is that the data is loaded as a collection of separate files in the Tucson positional format. The purpose of our data presentation is to change the Tucson data format to JSON format and combine the separate files into one. We convert the initial data for the USA of 2298 rwl-files into Json format of data on tree growth in one file. The data was converted using the R programming language and the dplR program library Bunn, A. (2008) The experience of developing the structure of dendroclimatic data in JSON format is described in the works of Kachaev A. (2016, 2017, 2020). Description of the structure of JSON data format is attached in the file ReadMe.pdf   References Bunn, A. G. (2008). A dendrochronology program library in R (dplR). Dendrochronologia, 26, 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2008.01.002 Kachaev, Alexander (2020), "Compact dataset of dendrochronological data of pri-mary metric characteristics of tree rings of Asia.", Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632 / p9zhpmzgtk.1 Kachaev A. V. (2017) Model for describing the structure of dendroclimatic data In the collection: Regional problems of remote sensing of the Earth Materials of the IV international scientific conference. Siberian Federal University, Institute of Space and Information Technologies. p. 120-122. (Russia) Kachaev A. V. (2016) NOSQL Approach for Development of Dendroclimatic Data Bank. In the collection: Regional problems of remote sensing of the Earth. Materials of the III International Scientific Conference. p. 89-91. (Russia) Shoudong Zhao, et al. (2019). The International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) revisited: Data availability and global ecological representativity. Journal of Biogeography, 46 (2), 355-368. doi: 10.1111 / jbi.13488 Zhao, Shoudong et al. (2018), Data from: The International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) revisited: data availability and global ecological representativity, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kh0qh06

Figure 2b from: Cirillo M (2020) Ring-first Mitral Valve Repair. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e62369. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e62369

Figure 2b The two most frequent types of mitral pathology: Barlow's disease (a and b) and fibroelastic deficiency (c and d). The pathological pictures are shown and the advantage of implanting the prosthetic ring before performing the repair of the valve leaflets is illustrated. - By implanting the ring as a first step, the valve is arranged in the correct elliptical shape, the leaflets are spatially redistributed, then the judgment on any other necessary surgical act is taken in the final shape of the valve.

Figure 2a from: Cirillo M (2020) Ring-first Mitral Valve Repair. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e62369. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e62369

Figure 2a The two most frequent types of mitral pathology: Barlow's disease (a and b) and fibroelastic deficiency (c and d). The pathological pictures are shown and the advantage of implanting the prosthetic ring before performing the repair of the valve leaflets is illustrated. - In Barlow's disease, the mitral valve takes on a more rounded shape than the normal elliptical one and the tissue is very redundant;

Figure 2d from: Cirillo M (2020) Ring-first Mitral Valve Repair. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e62369. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e62369

Figure 2d The two most frequent types of mitral pathology: Barlow's disease (a and b) and fibroelastic deficiency (c and d). The pathological pictures are shown and the advantage of implanting the prosthetic ring before performing the repair of the valve leaflets is illustrated. - By implanting the ring as the first step, the valve area is reduced and assumes a more correct geometry, therefore the resection can be less extensive (triangular, dashed lines).

Figure 1 from: Cirillo M (2020) Ring-first Mitral Valve Repair. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e62369. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e62369

Figure 1 Normal anatomy of the left heart atrioventricular mitral valve (from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitral_Valve_RK.png, licensed CC0).

Figure 2c from: Cirillo M (2020) Ring-first Mitral Valve Repair. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e62369. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e62369

Figure 2c The two most frequent types of mitral pathology: Barlow's disease (a and b) and fibroelastic deficiency (c and d). The pathological pictures are shown and the advantage of implanting the prosthetic ring before performing the repair of the valve leaflets is illustrated. - In fibroelastic deficiency the mitral annulus is dilated by chronic regurgitation, widening the valvular area and this may induce a quite large (quadrangular, dashed lines) resection;

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Drechslerella stenobrocha genome ilustrates the mechanism of constricting rings and the origin of nematode predation in fungi

Background: Nematode-trapping fungi are a unique group of organisms that can capture nematodes using sophisticated trapping structures. The genome of Drechslerella stenobrocha, a constricting-ring-forming fungus, has been sequenced and reported, and provided new insights into the evolutionary origins of nematode predation in fungi, the trapping mechanisms, and the dual lifestyles of saprophagy and predation. Results: The genome of the fungus Drechslerella stenobrocha, which mechanically traps nematodes using a constricting ring, was sequenced. The genome was 29.02 Mb in size and was found rare instances of transposons and repeat induced point mutations, than that of Arthrobotrys oligospora. The functional proteins involved in nematode-infection, such as chitinases, subtilisins, and adhesive proteins, underwent a significant expansion in the A. oligospora genome, while there were fewer lectin genes that mediate fungus-nematode recognition in the D. stenobrocha genome. The carbohydrate-degrading enzyme catalogs in both species were similar to those of efficient cellulolytic fungi, suggesting a saprophytic origin of nematode-trapping fungi. In D. stenobrocha, the down-regulation of saprophytic enzyme genes and the up-regulation of infection-related genes during the capture of nematodes indicated a transition between dual life strategies of saprophagy and predation. The transcriptional profiles also indicated that trap formation was related to the protein kinase C (PKC) signal pathway and regulated by Zn(2)-C6 type transcription factors. Conclusions: The genome of D. stenobrocha provides support for the hypothesis that nematode trapping fungi evolved from saprophytic fungi in a high carbon and low nitrogen environment. It reveals the transition between saprophagy and carnivory of these fungi and also proves new insights into the mechanisms of mechanical trapping.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: MHC genotype predicts mate choice in the ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus

Females of several vertebrate species selectively mate with males on the basis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. As androgen-mediated maternal effects have long-lasting consequences for the adult phenotype, both mating and reproductive success may depend on the combined effect of MHC genotype and exposure to androgens during early ontogeny. We studied how MHC-based mate choice in ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) was influenced by an experimental in ovo testosterone (T) increase. There was no conclusive evidence of in ovo T treatment differentially affecting mate choice in relation to MHC genotype. However, females avoided mating with males with a wholly different MHC genotype compared with males sharing at least one MHC allele. Females also tended to avoid mating with MHC-identical males, though not significantly so. These findings suggest that female pheasants preferred males with intermediate MHC dissimilarity. Male MHC heterozygosity or diversity did not predict the expression of ornaments or male dominance rank. Thus, MHC-based mating preferences in the ring-necked pheasant do not seem to be mediated by ornaments' expression and may have evolved mainly to reduce the costs of high heterozygosity at MHC loci for the progeny, such as increased risk of autoimmune diseases or disruption of coadapted gene pools.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Causes and characteristics of reverse bird migration: an analysis based on radar, radio tracking and ringing at Falsterbo, Sweden

That birds migrate in the reverse direction of the expected is a phenomenon of regular occurrence which has been observed at many sites. Here we use three different methods; tracking radar, radiotelemetry and ringing, to characterize the flights of these reverse migrants and investigate possible causes of reverse migration of nocturnally migrating passerines during autumn migration at Falsterbo peninsula, Sweden. Using these different methods we investigated both internal factors, such as age and fuel load, and external factors such as weather variables, competition and predation risk. Birds flying in the reverse direction were more likely to be lean and to be juveniles. Reverse migration was also more common with overcast skies and winds with north and east components. We did not find any effect of temperature, visibility, number of migrating sparrowhawks, or the total number of ringed birds at the site on the day of departure. We found that reverse migration is characterized by slower flight speeds (airspeed) at high altitudes and that it takes place later in the night than forward migration.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Genomic divergence in a ring species complex

Ring species provide particularly clear demonstrations of how one species can gradually evolve into two, but are rare in nature. In the greenish warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides) species complex, a ring of populations wraps around Tibet. Two reproductively isolated forms co-exist in central Siberia, with a gradient of genetic and phenotypic characteristics through the southern chain of populations connecting them. Previous genetic evidence has proven inconclusive, however, regarding whether species divergence took place in the face of continuous gene flow and whether hybridization between the terminal forms of the ring ever occurred. Here we use genome-wide analyses to show that, although spatial patterns of genetic variation are currently mostly as expected of a ring species, historical breaks in gene flow have existed at more than one location around the ring, and the two Siberian forms have occasionally interbred. Substantial periods of geographical isolation occurred not only in the north but also in the western Himalayas, where there is now an extensive hybrid zone between genetically divergent forms. Limited asymmetric introgression has occurred directly between the Siberian forms, although it has not caused a blending of those forms, suggesting selection against introgressed genes in the novel genetic background. Levels of reproductive isolation and genetic introgression are consistent with levels of phenotypic divergence around the ring, with phenotypic similarity and extensive interbreeding across the southwestern contact zone and strong phenotypic divergence and nearly complete reproductive isolation across the northern contact zone. These results cast doubt on the hypothesis that the greenish warbler should be viewed as a rare example of speciation by distance, but demonstrate that the greenish warbler displays a continuum from slightly divergent neighbouring populations to almost fully reproductively isolated species.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Molecular dynamics initialization files to reproduce simulations in "Anillin-Related Mid1 as an Adaptive and Multimodal Contractile Ring Anchoring Protein: A Simulation Study"

Molecular dynamics initialization files to reproduce simulations in "Anillin-Related Mid1 as an Adaptive and Multimodal Contractile Ring Anchoring Protein: A Simulation Study"  by Aaron R. Hall, Yeol Kyo Choi, Wonpil Im, and Dimitrios Vavylonis, Structure (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2023.11.010