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Figures 5, 6, 7 of Perpendicularly magnetized Co_Pd-based magneto-resistive hetereostructures on flexible substrates
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Table 4. Principal component loading values for the four substrate categories measured across all 26 in Impacts of Wastewater Effluent on Temperate Stream Fish Assemblage Structure
<p>Table 4. Principal component loading values for the four substrate categories measured across all 26 sites.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Variables</th><th>PC1</th><th>PC2</th><th>PC3</th><th>PC4</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>% gravel</th><td>0.63444</td><td>0.50857</td><td>0.10028</td><td>0.5734</td></tr><tr><th>% pebble</th><td>0.20598</td><td><i>–</i> 0.8296</td><td><i>–</i> 0.0496</td><td>0.51658</td></tr><tr><th>% cobble</th><td><i>–</i> 0.6728</td><td>0.13769</td><td>0.49052</td><td>0.53647</td></tr><tr><th>% boulder</th><td><i>–</i> 0.3201</td><td>0.18476</td><td><i>–</i> 0.8642</td><td>0.3414</td></tr></tbody></table>
Single time-point analysis of product and substrate inhibition
<p>Spectrophotometric Monitoring of Hydrolysis Kinetics</p>
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films study, deposited by laser ablation on glass substrates in the form of prismatic figures type pyramidal
<p>Thin films are something that is very close to the atomic dimensions in thickness, therefore if it is possible to further reduce the width of these, in a controlled way and monitor the behavior of some physical law associated with the variation in thickness, the results can be as expected or maybe adjustments must be applied. For this reason in this work, thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are studied, deposited by laser ablation, on glass substrates in the form of prismatic figures. The main objective was to confine the plasma plume to produce a continuous trail with varying thicknesses that could be analyzed. Growth times of the films were 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes at room temperature in a low vacuum. The deposited films presented a color pattern related to the expected thickness variation, thus the theory of optical interference was applied to the continuous trace to calculate thicknesses. Characterization process was carried out by: X-ray diffraction to know the crystalline structure of the films, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to verify the variation of thicknesses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to know the composition and scanning electron microscopy, to measure the thicknesses of the films transversely.</p>
In vivo assessment of the neural substrate linked with vocal imitation accuracy
Human speech and bird song are acoustically complex communication signals that are learned by imitation during a sensitive period early in life. Although the brain areas indispensable for speech and song learning are known, the neural circuits important for enhanced or reduced vocal performance remain unclear. By combining in vivo structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging with song analyses in juvenile male zebra finches during song learning and beyond, we reveal that song imitation accuracy correlates with the structural architecture of four distinct brain areas, none of which pertain to the song control system. Furthermore, the structural properties of a secondary auditory area in the left hemisphere, are capable to predict future song copying accuracy, already at the earliest stages of learning, before initiating vocal practicing. These findings appoint novel brain regions important for song learning outcome and inform that ultimate performance in part depends on fac tors experienced before vocal practicing.
Data from: Lack of activity of recombinant HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) on reported non-HIF substrates
Human and other animal cells deploy three closely related dioxygenases (PHD 1, 2 and 3) to signal oxygen levels by catalysing oxygen regulated prolyl hydroxylation of the transcription factor HIF. The discovery of the HIF prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes as oxygen sensors raises a key question as to the existence and nature of non-HIF substrates, potentially transducing other biological responses to hypoxia. Over 20 such substrates are reported. We therefore sought to characterise their reactivity with recombinant PHD enzymes. Unexpectedly, we did not detect prolyl-hydroxylase activity on any reported non-HIF protein or peptide, using conditions supporting robust HIF-α hydroxylation. We cannot exclude PHD-catalysed prolyl hydroxylation occurring under conditions other than those we have examined. However, our findings using recombinant enzymes provide no support for the wide range of non-HIF PHD substrates that have been reported.
Figure 6 in Spatial distribution and substrate selection by the orb-weaver spider Eustala perfida Mello-Leitão, 1947 (Araneae: Araneidae)
Figure 6. Frequency of occupation of different heights classes by Eustala perfida (n = 104).
Figure 1 in Action of the saproxylic scarab larva Cetonia aurataeformis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Cetoniidae) on woody substrates
Figure 1. Cetonia aurataeformis (Photo: J. Ordoñez, with permission).
Surface characterization and biodegradability of sodium hydroxide-treated Moso bamboo substrates
<p>Alkali solution immersion is widely used in pretreatment during bamboo and wood product manufacturing. In this study, we performed a surface analysis on the bamboo chips pretreated by sodium hydroxide with different concentrations at room temperature (25 ℃) and evaluated the surface performance and biodurability. Bamboo surface rapidly changed to darker color at sodium hydroxide concentration (NaOH) of 5% and become rough at 20% NaOH. The K-M curve showed absorption peak near 390-410 nm after alkali treatment, which was due to the presence of chromophore groups derived from lignin, especially from methylene quinone. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the area of the crystallization zone was enlarged rapidly at 5% NaOH and then declined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the conjugate structure of lignin-phenols changed after proton transfer in hydroxyl radical solution and this was the main reason for the surface color changes. During alkali treatment, lignin and hemicellulose in bamboo degraded to some extent, but cellulose was less affected. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the oxygen-carbon ratio (O/C) and the oxygenated to unoxygenated carbon ratio (C<sub>ox</sub>/C<sub>unox</sub>) all increased, indicating the decrease of extractives and lignin and surface carbon atoms were oxidized in alkali solution and carbon bonds were i more stable. XRD showed sodium hydroxide immersion can not only degrade and dissolve low-polymerization substances in the amorphous zone, increased the crystalline region, but also reached crystalline region, swell the cell wall, which increased the accessibility of fungi and made bamboo more susceptible to fungi infection. Bamboo weight loss of decay after alkali treatment was all larger than the control and maximized at 10% NaOH.</p>
Clinging performance on natural substrates predicts habitat use in anoles and geckos
<p>1. For arboreal lizards, the ability to cling or adhere to the substrate is critical for locomotion during prey capture, predator escape, thermoregulation, and social interactions. Thus, selection on traits related to clinging is likely strong. </p> <p>2. Correlations between morphology, performance, and habitat use have been documented in arboreal lizards, providing a framework for using functional traits to predict habitat use in the field.</p> <p>3. We tested the hypothesis that clinging performance predicts habitat use in an actively assembling community of introduced lizards in Hawaiʻi comprised of anoles (<i>Anolis carolinensis, A. sagrei</i>) and day geckos (<i>Phelsuma laticauda</i>).</p> <p>4. We measured morphological traits (toepad area and lamellae number) and tested clinging performance on two artificial and eight natural substrates in the lab. We measured habitat use in 10 m x 10 m outdoor enclosures where habitat availability was controlled and the lizard species assemblage was manipulated to reflect all species combinations. The enclosure experiment generated more than 9,000 habitat use observations from 360 lizards.</p> <p>5. Morphological traits that predict performance in <i>Anolis </i>were not predictive in <i>Phelsuma</i>, indicating that direct measures of performance are necessary for comparisons between the genera.</p> <p>6. Measuring clinging performance on multiple substrates provided key insights into patterns of habitat use. While all three species performed best on an artificial smooth substrate (acrylic), performance on natural substrates predicted which texture (rough vs. smooth) was most often used by each species. </p> <p>7. Performance predicted perch height use: species with the greatest clinging performance (<i>A. carolinensis </i>and <i>P. laticauda</i>) across substrates perched twice as high as <i>A. sagrei</i>.</p> <p>8. We did not observe habitat shifts in the height or texture of perches used by any species in response to experimental manipulation of the lizard species assemblage.</p> <p>9. Our results highlight the inextricable link between ecology, morphology, and performance, the importance of measuring functional traits in ecologically-relevant ways, and the potential for resource partitioning to be influenced by differences in the ability to attach to different substrates. </p>
Preventing Memory Effects in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates by Polymer Coating and Laser-Activated Deprotection
<p>Related publication: Plou, J; Charconnet, M; García, I; Calvo, J; Liz-Marzán, LM. Preventing Memory Effects in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates by Polymer Coating and Laser-Activated Deprotection. <em>ACS Nano</em> 2021, <em>15</em>, 8984-8995. 10.1021/acsnano.1c01878</p>
Data from: Substrate composition impacts long-term vegetation development on blue-green roofs: Insights from an experimental roof and greenhouse study
<p>Data from: van der Kolk et al. (2022). Substrate composition impacts long-term vegetation development on blue-green roofs: Insights from an experimental roof and greenhouse study. Ecological Engineering.</p> <p> </p> <p>See the main article on how data was collected.</p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset contains three tables:</p> <p>greenhouse_biomass.csv: The biomass (in g dry weight) harvested from each container in the greenhouse experiment.</p> <p>greenhouse_percentage_share.csv: The estimated percentage that each species contributes to the total harvested biomass in the greenhouse experiment.</p> <p>roof_cover.csv: The cover (in %) of all species per plot for all surveys.</p>
Fig. 2 in 21-Hydroxypregnane 21-O-malonylation, a crucial step in cardenolide biosynthesis, can be achieved by substrate-promiscuous BAHD-type phenolic glucoside malonyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana and homolog proteins from Digitalis lanata
Fig. 2. Pregnanes tested as potential substrates for BAHD-type malonyltransferases.
FIG. 7 in Bryophyte colonization on the monuments of Champaner Pavagadh - UNESCO World Heritage Site and its association with geological substrates
FIG. 7. — Estimation of Calcium concentration (ppm) of Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. and Asterella wallichiana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Grolle: red circles, clusters showing Hyophila involuta; green circles, clusters showing Asterella wallichiana.
FIG. 8 in Bryophyte colonization on the monuments of Champaner Pavagadh - UNESCO World Heritage Site and its association with geological substrates
FIG. 8. — Pictorial representation of the steps involved in colonization and deterioration of the substrate by bryophytes: A, wall structure with rough surface; B, settled dust and humus to capture spores; C, covered by protonema; D, growth of mature gametophyte; E, penetration of rhizoids; F, enlargement of cracks deteriorating the wall structure.
FIG. 3 in Bryophyte colonization on the monuments of Champaner Pavagadh - UNESCO World Heritage Site and its association with geological substrates
FIG. 3. — Colonizing mosses and hornworts on the selected monuments of Champaner Pavagadh: A, Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg.; B, Hydrogonium arcuatum (Griff.) Wijk. & Marg.; C, Semibarbula orientalis (Web.) Wijk & Marg.; D, Fissidens flaccidus Mitt.; E, Anomobryum auratum (Mitt.) Jaeg.; F, Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook.) Fleisch.; G, Anthoceros bharadwajii Udar & A.K.Asthana; H, A. subtillis St. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Neuroimaging the Impact of Treatment on Neural Substrates of Trust in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01244477. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study to Assess the Effects of Nemolizumab on Cytochrome P450 Substrates in Participants With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04562116. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
A Study of the Effects of Pirtobrutinib (LOXO-305) on Repaglinide (CYP2C8 Substrate) in Healthy Participants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06165146. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Open-Label, Multicenter, Two-Part, Phase 1 Study to Characterize Effects of a Moderate CYP3A Inhibitor on PK of Tazemetostat, Effects of Tazemetostat on PK of CYP2C8 and CYP2C19 Substrates, and Effect
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03028103. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.