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11,506 results for “Dynamics”
Data from: Vertebrate scavenging dynamics differ between carnivore and herbivore carcasses in the northern boreal forest
<p>Vertebrate scavenging can impact food web dynamics, but our understanding of this process stems predominantly from monitoring herbivore carrion and extrapolating results across carcass types. Recent evidence suggests carnivores may avoid intraguild scavenging to reduce parasite transmission. If this behavior is widespread across diverse ecosystems, estimation of nutrient cycling and community scavenging rates are likely biased to a currently unknown degree. We examined whether the time to initiate scavenging, carcass persistence, or the richness of species scavenging in the boreal forest of Yukon, Canada, differed between carnivore and herbivore carcasses. Vertebrates took longer to initiate scavenging on carnivore carcasses (3.2 days) relative to herbivore carcasses (1.1 days), and carnivore carcasses persisted on the landscape for over a month longer (48.4 days and 5.5 days, respectively). The longer persistence times were due to the reduction in scavenging by carnivores such as Canada lynx (<i>Lynx canadensis</i>). Decreased scavenging was caused by changes in the propensity to consume carnivore carrion, as the number of species detecting a carcass within the first week did not differ between carnivore and herbivore carcasses. These results have ramifications for our understanding of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics in the boreal forest, and provide further support that carcass type should be included in future studies.</p>
Drought influences fungal community dynamics in the grapevine rhizosphere and root microbiome
<p>xxx</p>
Predicting parasite dynamics in mixed-use trans-Himalayan pastures to underpin management of cross-transmission between livestock and bharal
<p>The complexities of multi-use landscapes require sophisticated approaches to addressing disease transmission risks. We explored gastro-intestinal nematode (GINs) infections in the North India Trans-Himalayas through a socio-ecological lens, integrating parasite transmission modelling with field surveys and local knowledge, and evaluated the likely effectiveness of potential interventions. Bharal (blue sheep; <i>Pseudois nayaur</i>), a native wild herbivore, and livestock share pasture year-round and livestock commonly show signs of GINs infection. While both wild and domestic ungulates had GINs infections, egg counts indicated significantly higher parasite burdens in bharal than livestock. However, due to higher livestock densities, they contributed more to the total count of eggs and infective larvae on pasture. Herders also reported health issues in their sheep and goats consistent with parasite infections. Model simulations suggested that pasture infectivity in this system is governed by historical pasture use and gradually accumulated larval development during the summer, with no distinct short-term flashpoints for transmission. The most effective intervention was consequently predicted to be early-season parasite suppression in livestock using temperature in spring as a cue. A one-month pause in egg output from livestock could lead to a reduction in total annual availability of infective larvae on pasture of 76%, potentially benefitting the health of both livestock and bharal. Modelling suggested that climate change over the past 33 years has led to no overall change in GINs transmission potential, but an increase in the relative influence of temperature over precipitation in driving pasture infectivity. Our study provides a transferable multi-pronged approach to investigating disease transmission, in order to support herders' livelihoods and conserve wild ungulates.</p>
Suppl Material- Pharmacokinetics of some newly synthesized 1, 5- benzothiazepine scaffolds: A molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach
<p>It is suppl material, table and figures for publications</p>
Dynamics of glucose metabolism after liver transplantation: Prediabetes as a window of opportunity for patient survival and long‐term kidney function
<p>Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a relevant complication following liver transplantation with profound impact on morbidity and mortality. To date, little is known about the evolution and dynamics of glucose metabolism and the impact of prediabetes in long-term follow-up. To address this issue, all consecutive adult liver transplant recipients (n=429) from a European university hospital transplant center between 2007 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. In patients without pre-existing diabetes (n=327), we conducted a longitudinal characterization of glucose metabolism. Median follow-up was 37 [9-64, IQR] months. Median prevalence of prediabetes was 39 [37-39]% and of PTDM 21 [17-22]%. Throughout follow-up, intra-individual glucose regulation of patients was highly variable, continuously fluctuating between different states of glucose metabolism (normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, PTDM). Whereas overall survival and long-term kidney function of patients with PTDM were significantly lower than that of patients with normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes was not associated with adverse outcome. This study provides new insight into the dynamics and impact of glucose metabolism after liver transplantation. Unlike PTDM, prediabetes is not associated with adverse outcome, providing a window of opportunity for targeted intervention. The results underline the need for constant screening and intervention in post-transplant care of liver allograft recipients.</p>
Figure 3 in Population dynamics of the bark-dwelling spider Eustala perfida Mello-Leitão, 1947 (Araneidae)
Figure 3. Monthly variation in number of Eustala perfida individuals on tree trunks.
Figure 5 in Population dynamics of the bark-dwelling spider Eustala perfida Mello-Leitão, 1947 (Araneidae)
Figure 5. Phenogram representing the age structure of the Eustala perfida population.
Figure 4 in Reproductive behaviour and development dynamics of Odontophrynus cordobae (Anura, Cycloramphidae)
Figure 4. Dynamics of larval development for a complete cohort of Odontophrynus cordobae.
Figure 3 in Reproductive behaviour and development dynamics of Odontophrynus cordobae (Anura, Cycloramphidae)
Figure 3. Eggs of Odontophrynus cordobae: (a) separated eggs; (b) eggs adhered to vegetation.
Quantification of Magic Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectra
<p>NMR datasets of experiments used in the paper</p>
Figure 2 in Life history dynamics and biogeography of a nudibranch with contrasting developmental modes: A hypothesis for the evolution of larval types
Figure 2. Seasonal abundance of Dendronotus spp. (in number of slugs per m2) and their thecate hydroid prey (in percentage cover). (a) The shallow subtidal site at York, Maine collected every calendar month. (b) The subtidal site at Eastport, Maine and (c) the intertidal site at West Quoddy Head in Lubec, Maine collected every two calendar months. Hydroid abundance data were sampled using point coordinates and averaged for 10 samples per sampling area (¡SD).
Figure 5 in Population dynamics and reproduction of the hermit crab Calcinus gaimardii (Anomura: Diogenidae) at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique
Figure 5. Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848). Relationship between egg number (EN) and female size (SL).
Figure 2 from: Liu D, Lan F, Xie S, Diao Y, Zheng Y, Gong J (2021) Dynamic genetic diversity and population structure of Coreius guichenoti. ZooKeys 1055: 135-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1055.70117
Figure 2 Phylogenetic trees of the mtDNA control region haplotypes in C. guichenoti reconstructed with Bayesian inference. Numbers at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and neighbor-joining tree. At the right side of the figure, the numbers represent the total of individuals from different sampling locations in each haplotype.
Figure 3 from: Liu D, Lan F, Xie S, Diao Y, Zheng Y, Gong J (2021) Dynamic genetic diversity and population structure of Coreius guichenoti. ZooKeys 1055: 135-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1055.70117
Figure 3 Median-joining network of the mtDNA control region haplotypes of C. guichenoti. The size of each circle indicates the relative frequency of the corresponding haplotype in the whole data set.
Supplementary material 1 from: Liu D, Lan F, Xie S, Diao Y, Zheng Y, Gong J (2021) Dynamic genetic diversity and population structure of Coreius guichenoti. ZooKeys 1055: 135-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1055.70117
Tables S1, S2, Figures S1, S2
Figure 4 from: Liu D, Lan F, Xie S, Diao Y, Zheng Y, Gong J (2021) Dynamic genetic diversity and population structure of Coreius guichenoti. ZooKeys 1055: 135-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1055.70117
Figure 4 Isolation by distance (IBD) relationship among C. guichenoti wild populations in five populations collected in 2009 a and seven populations collected in 2019 b.
Figure 1 from: Liu D, Lan F, Xie S, Diao Y, Zheng Y, Gong J (2021) Dynamic genetic diversity and population structure of Coreius guichenoti. ZooKeys 1055: 135-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1055.70117
Figure 1 Sampling localities of China (solid triangles indicate sites in 2009; solid circle indicate sites in 2019) of C. guichenoti. For full names of populations, see Table 1.
Dynamic earthquake rupture simulations to investigate updip rupture of CSZ
<p>Dynamic earthquake rupture simulations to investigate updip rupture of CSZ dataset</p>
Differential geographical and ecological dynamics allow diversification of morphologically convergent giant bromeliads in the Atlantic Forest
<p>Aim: This paper investigates evolutionary mechanisms that allow morphologically convergent lineages share the same geographical space. We compared the events occurred along the diversification of <i>Karawata</i> and <i>Aechmea</i> subgen. <i>Chevaliera</i> in Atlantic Forest by 1) verifying whether the climatic niches and habitats of <i>Karawata </i>and <i>Aechmea </i>subgen.<i> Chevaliera</i> are similar; 2) testing whether the two groups had the same pattern of colonization in the Atlantic Forest; and 3) evaluating whether they had the same evolutionary dynamics of environmental space occupation. We see the two bomeliad lineages as a model case to understand sympatric diversification in the Atlantic Forest biome.</p> <p>Location: Brazilian Atlantic Forest</p> <p>Taxon: <i>Karawata</i> and <i>Aechmea </i>subgen. <i>Chevaliera</i> (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae)</p> <p>Methods: We explored differences in evolutionary dynamics between the lineages analyzing the divergence times, estimating ancestral ranges and habitats, testing niche similarity and evaluating shifts in speciation dynamics.</p> <p>Results: <i>Karawata </i>and <i>A. </i>subgen. <i>Chevaliera </i>most likely originated in the Pliocene and diversified during the Pleistocene. The two clades originated in ombrophilous forests and shared a similar environmental space. However, <i>Karawata </i>and <i>A. </i>subgen. <i>Chevaliera </i>show different dynamics in the occupation of geographical and environmental spaces. Our results suggest that the São Francisco and Jequitinhonha Rivers acted as geographical barriers for <i>Karawata </i>and <i>A. </i>subgen. <i>Chevaliera</i>.</p> <p>Main Conclusions: Differences in spatial and environmental evolutionary dynamics allow the two groups to occupy similar habitats as well as environmental and geographical spaces in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.</p>
Don't stand so close to me: microbiota-facilitated enemy release dynamics in introduced Onthophagus taurus dung beetles.
<p>Microbial symbionts can influence their hosts in stunningly diverse ways. Emerging research suggests that an underappreciated facet of these relationships is the influence microbes can have on their host's responses to novel, or stressful, environmental conditions. We sought to address these and related questions in populations resulting from the recent introduction and subsequent rapid range expansion of <i>Onthophagus taurus</i> dung beetles. Specifically, we manipulated both microbial communities and rearing temperature to detect signatures of developmental and life history differentiation in response to the local thermal conditions in two populations derived from the southern-most (Florida) and northern-most (Michigan) extremes of the exotic Eastern U.S. range of <i>O. taurus</i>. We then sought to determine the contributions, if any, of host-associated microbiota to this differentiation. We found that when reared under common garden conditions individuals from Florida and Michigan populations differed significantly in developmental performance measures and life history traits, consistent with population divergence. At the same time, and contrary to our predictions, we failed to find support for the hypothesis that animals perform better if reared at temperatures that match their location of origin, and that performance differences may be mediated by host-associated microbiota. Instead, we found that microbiome swapping across host populations improved developmental performance in both populations, consistent with enemy release dynamics. We discuss the implications of our results for our understanding of the rapid spread of exotic <i>O. taurus </i>through the Eastern US, and the significance of symbiosis in host responses to novel environmental conditions more broadly.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.