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FIGURE 12. Neocarus coronatus n in A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters

FIGURE 12. Neocarus coronatus n. sp. (A) PRODORSAL ShIELD LYRIFISSURE (ARROW); (B) VENTRAL GNAThOSOmA LAbRUm SCALES; (C) mALE DORSAL ANAL VALVE SETAE; (D) REEL-LIkE STRUCTURE (SPERmATOPhORE?); (E) POLLEN OF Anadenanthera (FAbACEAE) FOUND IN GUT CONTENT AND (F) FEmALE OVIPOSITOR, UTERUS AND OVIDUCTS. AbbREVIATIONS: Lb = LAbRUm, OC = OCELLI, Pj = OVIPOSITOR PROjECTION, OVP = OVIPOSITOR, OVD = OVIDUCT, PLN = POLLEN, UT = UTERUS.

FIGURE 6. Neocarus coronatus n in A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters

FIGURE 6. Neocarus coronatus n. sp. DORSAL AND VENTRAL TARSI I OF (A) mALE AND (B) FEmALE; (C) EUPAThIDION AND SOLENIDIA; (D) mALE TARSI II AND (E) III. AbbREVIATIONS: ζ1-2 = EUPAThIDIA, ω1-4 = SOLENIDIA, D = DORSAL SETAE, L = LATERAL SETAE, DL = DORSOLATERAL SETAE, V = VENTRAL SETAE, LV =LATEROVENTRAL SETAE.

FIGURE 10. Neocarus coronatus n in A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters

FIGURE 10. Neocarus coronatus n. sp. (A) VENTRAL ST2 SETAE; (B) GENITAL VERRUCAE SETAE; (C) PREGENITAL SETA; (D) GENITAL SETAE; (E) OVIPOSITOR OVIPORE; (F) VENTRAL OVIPOSITOR VIEW. AbbREVIATIONS: PGC = PREGENITAL CAPSULE, OVP = OVIPOSITOR, OPj = OVIPOSITOR PROjECTION, EUG = EUGENITAL SETAE.

FIGURE 9. Neocarus coronatus n in A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters

FIGURE 9. Neocarus coronatus n. sp. (A) PALP TARSUS DORSAL VIEW; (B) PALP TARSUS s SETAE; (C) PALP TARSUS d SETAE; (D) PALP TARSUS v SETAE; (E) ANTEROVENTRAL TRITOSTERNUm VIEW; (F) STERNITOGENITAL VIEW. AbbREVIATIONS: TRS = TRITOSTERNUm, OVP = OVIPOSITOR PROjECTION, OVP = OVIPOSITOR.

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FIGURE 49. A–F Nops bahia n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera

FIGURE 49. A–F Nops bahia n. sp.; A–C female (IBSP 149521); D–F male (IBSP 149519); G–L Nops ipojuca n. sp., G–H female (Pernambuco: IBSP 133595); J–L male (Alagoas: IBSP 117055). A internal genitalia, dorsal view. B detail of uterus externus, dorsal view. C internal genitalia, anterior view. D left palp, prolateral view. E embolus, prolateral view. F stridulatory pick, prolateral view. G internal genitalia, dorsal view. H detail of receptaculum and uterus externus, dorsal view. I internal genitalia, posterior view. J left palp, prolateral view. K tip of embolus, prolateral view. L stridulatory pick, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ap—anterior plate, ete—embolar tip extensions, lo—lobes on posterior receptaculum, pp—posterior plate, re—posterior receptaculum, ue—uterus externus.

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FIGURE 48. Nops bahia n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera

FIGURE 48. Nops bahia n. sp.; A–C male (holotype); D–F female (paratype). A habitus, dorsal view. B left palp, prolateral view. C left palp, retrolateral view. D habitus, dorsal view. E external genital area, ventral view. F internal genitalia, dorsal view. G distribution map. Abbreviations: ap—anterior plate, ess—sclerotization around spiracles, lep—lateral extensions of posterior plate, pp—posterior plate, re—posterior receptaculum, ue—uterus externus. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, D), 0.5 mm (B–C, E–F).

FIGURE 18 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 18. Thoracic bones and clavicle of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). A, right first anterior rib; B, manubrium; and C, right clavicle. Abbreviations: ace, acromial end; ssn, suprasternal notch; ste, sternal end; vee, vertebral end. Scale bar = 30 mm.

FIGURE 22 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 22. Right hind limb bones of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). A–B, femur in A, anterior; and B, posterior views. C–D, patella in C, anterior; and D, posterior views. E–F, tibiofibula in E, anterior; and F, posterior views. Scale bar = 50 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002), lateral and posterior views. A, lateral; and B, and occipital views. Scale bar = 50 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 7. Skull of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001), lateral and posterior views. A, lateral; and B, and occipital views. Scale bar = 50 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Osteoderms of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. A–D, LPP-PV-001, A, osteoderm of cephalic shield. B, fixed osteoderm of scapular buckler in dorsal and lateral views. C, fixed osteoderm of pelvic buckler. D, movable osteoderm in dorsal and right lateral views. E, (LPP-PV-002) semimovable osteoderm of pelvic buckler, F, (LPP-PV-001) semimovable osteoderm of scapular buckler. G, (LPP-PV-002) caudal osteoderm (proximal portion of the tail). H–I, LPP-PV-001, H, caudal osteoderm (median portion), and I, caudal osteoderm (distal portion). Scale bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Complete skeleton of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). Scale bar = 300 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Map and Location of Lapinha Cave. A–B, location of Iramaia Municipality in Bahia state, Brazil. C, map of Lapinha Cave highlighting its second lower level and the points where the fossils were found (adapted map provided by GPME Speleology Group). Legend: white, ground level of the cave; yellow, first lower level; light blue, second lower level; and dark green, third lower level of the cave. Abbreviations: G, site where glyptodonts were collected; P1 and P2 (holotype and paratype, respectively), the sites where these pampatheres were collected.

FIGURE 11 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 11. Schematic representation of the right upper tooth rows of South American Quaternary pampatheres. A, Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (paratype, LPP-PV-002). B, H. rondoniensis (holotype, MERO-P-002). C, H. occidentalis (ROM 3881). D, H. paulacoutoi (holotype, MCL-501/01). E, H. septentrionalis (HMNS 173). F, Pampatherium typum (MACN Pv 11543). G, P. humboldtii (MHD-P-28). In black, absent molariforms (shape inferred from the alveolus); in some cases, the occlusal surface is totally or partially destroyed, thus some illustrations were completed from the left tooth row of the same exemplar. Scale bar = 30 mm.

FIGURE 14 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 14. Hyoid apparatus of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. A–B, lateral view (holotype, LPP-PV-001); A, stylohyal; B, epihyal; and C, (paratype, LPP-PV-002) ventral view of the basithyrohyal co-ossification (= v-bone). Scale bar = 30 mm.

FIGURE 23 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 23. Right astragalus and calcaneus of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). A–B, astragalus in A, dorsal; and B, ventral views. C–D, calcaneus in C, dorsal; and D, ventral views. Scale bar = 50 mm.

FIGURE 17 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 17. Vertebral portions of ribs of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). Second to tenth right ribs. Scale bar = 30 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Exterior and interior of Lapinha Cave. A, External view; in the right below of the picture, notice the cave entrance closed by a gate. B–C, Specimens of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. buried in the cave, B, LPP-PV-001; and C, LPP-PV-002 at the moment of the excavation.

FIGURE 15 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 15. Vertebral column of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. A-E, presynsacral vertebrae of the holotype (LPP-PV-001). A, dorsal view of the articulated presynsacral vertebrae. B–C, mesocervical bone in B, dorsal; and C, lateral views. D–E, postcervical bone in D, dorsal; and E, lateral views. F, xenarthrous vertebrae of the paratype (LPP-PV-002). Scale bars = 50 mm. G, caudal vertebrae of the holotype (LPP-PV-001); Scale bar = 100 mm. Abbreviations: C1–C7, cervical vertebrae; L1, first lumbar vertebra; T4–T10, thoracic vertebrae; m, mesocervical bone (C2+C3+C4+C5); p, postcervical bone (T1+T2+T3).

FIGURE 21 in A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 21. Right forelimb bones of Holmesina cryptae sp. nov. (holotype, LPP-PV-001). A–B, humerus in A, anterior; and B, posterior views. C–D, radius in C, anterior; and D, posterior views. E–H, ulna in E, lateral; F, anterior; G, posterior; and H, medial views. Abbreviations: hsp, hook-shaped projection; scf, supracondylar foramen; tn, trochlear notch. Scale bar = 50 mm.