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1,085 results for “Ciliophora”
FIGURE 6 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 6. Video-micrographs of living specimens of Strongylidium pseudocrassum. a) ventral side; b) left side; c, d) dorsal side; e) ventral side showing posterior contractile vacuole and cytoplasmic crystals (asterisks); f) ventral side showing cytoplasmic granulation located at the periphery of the posterior contractile vacuoles (white arrows); g) dorsal side showing cortical granulation at 400x magnification; h) ventral side showing cortical granulation at 1,000x magnification. Large granules are marked with asterisks, median sized granules are marked with white arrows and small sized granules are marked with black arrows. Scale bar is not shown in this figure because specimen was heavily squeezed under a coverslip, thus very deformed.
FIGURE 4 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 4. Divisional morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum from protargol-impregnation slides, stages 10 – 12. a) stage 10, ventral side showing cirral products of ventral primordia and early differentiation of the undulating membranes of the proter and opisthe (arrows) and; b) stage 10, dorsal side. Arrows point to caudal cirri developing from the posterior end of each new dorsal kinety; c) stage 11, ventral side. Arrows point to postperistomial cirri; d) stage 11, dorsal side; black arrows mark new caudal cirri; white arrows mark remaining parental dikinetids; e) stage 12, ventral side showing cirral pattern completely developed. Arrows mark remaining parental left ventral cirral row.
FIGURE 3 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 3. Divisional morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum from protargol-impregnation slides, stages 5–9, ventral side. a) stage 5, arrow marks the anterior end of the fused undulating membranes, from where basal bodies supposedly migrate to join primordium I of the proter; b) stage 6, arrow marks degenerating cirri in the left ventral row; c) stage 7, arrows mark early differentiating procirri from the ventral primordia of the proter. The question mark indicates an area wich did not stain with protargol, thus could not be depicted; d) stage 8, arrows indicate the split point of long primary primordium V and the double arrow marks the adoral zone of membranelles of the opisthe in late differentiation, which bends rightwards to assume its final conformation; e) stage 9, arrows show advanced differentiation stage of the ventral primordia; double arrow indicates the adoral zone of membranelles of the proter, now fully differentiated.
FIGURE 2 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 2. Divisional morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum from protargol-impregnation slides, stages 1 – 4 (a–d, ventral side; e, dorsal side). a) stage 1, double arrow marks protomembranelles. Notice the absence of the posteristomial cirrus, which was absorbed to form the oral primordium. Nuclear replication bands are visible during this stage (arrows); b) stage 2, double arrow shows the leftwards curvature of the early adoral membranelles; c) stage 3, development of the undulating membranes primordium (arrow) and primordia II and III of the opisthe; d) stage 4, development long primary primordia IV and I and primordia II and III of the proter. Arrows mark the long primary primordium I; e) stage 4, early development of the new dorsal kineties. Black arrows mark the new structures of the proter; white arrows mark the new structures of the opisthe.
FIGURE 7 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 7. Micrographs of Strongylidium pseudocrassum after protargol-impregnation. a) ventral side; b) nuclear apparatus; c) dorsal side; d) nuclear apparatus with both nodules bissected; e) detail of specimen with three extra ventral cirri (arrows), anterior macronuclear nodule bissected and an ingested prey visible (asterisk).
FIGURE 10 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of Strongylidium pseudocrassum. a) frontoventral region showing adoral zone of membranelles, paroral membrane and arrangement of cirri; b) close view of the oral region showing intermembranellar ridges (white arrows); lateral membranellar cilia (black arrows) and membranellar bolsters (asterisks). AZM = adoral zone of membranelles; P = paroral membrane. Scale bars = 5 µm.
FIGURE 13 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 13. Species of Strongylidium assigned to Group 4 (a, b) and Group 5 (c–g), modified from originals. S. maritimum, a) ventral side from Wang and Nie (1932), 68 µm. In Al-Rasheid (1997), 80–120 µm; Strongylidium sp. b) ventral side, from Bütschli apud Calkins (1933); S. crepidatum, c) ventral side, d) dorsal side, e) ventral side from organism confined in a sapropelic environment, from Wang (1940), 102–117 µm; S. polystichum, f) ventral side, g) dorsal side, from Kahl (1932), 160 µm. Figures were resized out of scale.
FIGURE 1 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 1. Strongylidium pseudocrassum, morphology of interphasic cells (a, live specimen; b–j, after protargol-impregnation; k–l, modified from Wang & Nie, 1935). a–b) ventral side. Arrow marks postperistomial cirrus, double arrows point to the anterior region of the ventral cirral rows; c) right side; d) dorsal side; e–f) positional variation of the postperistomial cirrus (arrows); g) arrows mark the extra ventral cirri present in some specimens; h) anterior macronuclear nodule bissected (encircled); i) posterior nodule bissected (encircled); j) both nodules bissected; k) ventral side showing postperistomial cirrus; l) dorsal side with arrows pointing to ciliary structures referred in the original description as "transverse cirri" (see text). Scale bars = 10 µm; k–l, 410x. aCV = anterior contractile vacuole; BC = buccal cirrus; CC = caudal cirrus/cirri; DK(n) = dorsal kinety; E = endoral membrane; FC = frontal cirrus/cirri; FVC = frontoventral cirrus; LMR = left marginal cirral row; LVR = left ventral cirral row; Ma = macronuclear nodule; Mi = micronucleus; P = paroral membrane; pCV = posterior contractile vacuole; PpC = postperistomial cirrus; RMR = right marginal cirral row; RVR = right ventral cirral row.
FIGURE 9 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 9. Micrographs of Strongylidium pseudocrassum after protargol-impregnation showing aspects of physiological reorganization (a–c) and scanning electron images (d–g).
FIGURE 12 in Morphology and morphogenesis of Strongylidium pseudocrassum Wang and Nie, 1935, with redefinition of Strongylidium Sterki, 1878 (Protista: Ciliophora: Stichotrichia)
FIGURE 12. Species of Strongylidium assigned to Group 2 (a–f) and Group 3 (g–k), modified from originals. S. deflectum, a) ventral side, b) ventral side and detail of the posterior region, from Tucolesco (1962), 110–120 µm; S. packi, c) ventral side; d) specimen leaving from an empty cyst wall, from Pack (1919), 70 µm, e, f) redrawn from Pack (1919) by Kahl (1932); S. mucicola, g, h) ventral side, i) dorsal side, from Packroff and Wilbert (1991), 100 µm in vivo; S. seravini, j) ventral side with nuclear apparatus depicted outside of cell, k) dorsal side, from Alekperov (2005), 160–200 µm. Figures were resized out of scale.
FIGURE 5. Protargolimpregnated specimens. a in Pseudourostyla pelotensis sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia, Urostylida): a new psammophilic ciliate from the southern Brazil
FIGURE 5. Protargolimpregnated specimens. a. Ventral side; b. Dorsal side; c. Extrusomes (arrows); d. Oral apparatus and macronuclear nodules. Arrow points to bowshaped structure associated to the undulating membranes; e. Formation of the new adoral membranelles during reoganizational morphogenesis (arrow); f. Ventral side of specimen with a shortened left marginal row (arrows). aC—anterior corona; AZM—adoral zone of membranelles; BC—buccal cirrus; DK —dorsal kineties; eM—endoral membrane; FTC—frontoterminal cirri; LMR—left marginal cirral row; Ma — macronuclear nodules; MVR—midventral cirral row; pC—posterior corona; pM— paroral membrane; RMR— right marginal cirral rows; TC— transverse cirri. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Pseudourostyla pelotensis sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia, Urostylida): a new psammophilic ciliate from the southern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Schematic drawings of protargolimpregnated specimens. a. Ventral region. Arrow shows a variation of the virtual intersection of the undulating membranes; b. Dorsal region showing macronuclear nodules. Chromatin granulations are depicted in the two macronuclear nodules pointed by arrows. Asterisk marks the bowshaped structure, which is visible at the macronucleus focal plane; c. Dorsal region showing dorsal kineties (arrow) and marginal cirral rows. LMR — left marginal cirral rows; Ma — macronuclear nodule; RMR — right marginal cirral rows. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Pseudourostyla pelotensis sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia, Urostylida): a new psammophilic ciliate from the southern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings of Pseudourostyla pelotensis sp. nov. a. Living specimen in ventral view; b. Scheme of living specimen showing the contractile vacuoles and their aspect during pulsation; c. Extrusomes aligned close to the pelicle, as seen in specimens from protargol slides; d. Ventral region of protargolimpregnated specimen; e. Bowshaped structure associated with the undulating membranes. Arrow marks new adoral membranelles in formation. aC — anterior corona; aCV — anterior contractile vacuole; AZM — adoral zone of membranelles; BC — buccal cirrus; BS — bowlike structure; eM — endoral membrane; FTC — frontotermial cirri; LMR — left marginal cirral rows; MVR — midventral cirral row; pC — posterior corona; pCV — posterior contractile vacuole; pM — paroral membrane; RMR — right marginal cirral rows; TC — transverse cirri. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological studies and molecular data on a new marine ciliate, Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp. (Ciliophora: Urostylida), from the South China Sea
FIGURE 4. Unmatched sites from SSrRNA gene sequences alignment. Numbers represent the positions of the nucleotides. Missing sites are compensated by gaps (-). Matched sites are marked with dots (.).
FIGURE 3 in Morphological studies and molecular data on a new marine ciliate, Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp. (Ciliophora: Urostylida), from the South China Sea
FIGURE 3. Comparison of Apokeronopsis species. A. crassa (A, B, from Song et al. 2004), A. wrighti (C, D, from Long et al. 2008), A. antarctica (E, F, from Petz 1995), A. ovalis (G, H, from Shao et al. 2009), A. bergeri (I, J, from Li et al. 2008), and A. sinica (K, L, original), to show the morphology of live cells (A, C, E, G, I, K), infraciliature (B, D, F, H, J, L). Scale bars in (A, B, I, J) =100 µm, in (C–H, K, L) = 60 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological studies and molecular data on a new marine ciliate, Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp. (Ciliophora: Urostylida), from the South China Sea
FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp. from live cells (A–E, I, J) and after protargol impregnation (K–O), and ventral views of live cells of A. crassa (F), A. bergeri (G) and A. wrighti (H). (A) Ventral view of the typical specimen. (B) Ventral view, showing the contractile vacuole (arrow). (C) Lateral view. (D) Ventral view of the anterior portion, arrows indicate the cilia of adoral zone of membranelles, arrowheads mark the paroral membranes and double-arrowheads depict the buccal cirri. (E) Lateral view to show the large cortical granules distributed on dorsal side. (I) Ventral view, to show the cortical granules: vermeil large (arrows), colorless large (arrowheads) and colorless small ones (double-arrowheads). (J) Ventral view, showing the cortical granules between the cirri rows. (K) infraciliature of the ventral side of a typical specimen. (L) Ventral view of the anterior portion, arrow indicates the paroral membrane and arrowhead marks the endoral membrane. (M) Ventral view of the anterior-right portion, arrowheads refer to frontoterminal cirri, and arrows show the buccal cirri. (N) Macronuclear nodules. (O) Ventral view of the posterior portion, note the transverse cirri (arrows). Scale bars in (A, B, C, F, G, H) = 100 µm, in (K) = 80 µm.
FIGURE 1. Apokeronopsis sinica n in Morphological studies and molecular data on a new marine ciliate, Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp. (Ciliophora: Urostylida), from the South China Sea
FIGURE 1. Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp. from live cells (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–F). (A, B) Ventral views of two typical specimens. (C) Dorsal view; to show the sparsely distributed large granules. (D) Details of the cortex, double-arrowheads indicate the smaller cortical granules, arrows mark the vermeil larger ones and arrowheads mark the colorless larger ones. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal views of the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. AZM = adoral zone of membranelles; BC = buccal cirri; BiC = bicoronal cirri; DK = dorsal kineties; EM = endoral membrane; FTC = frontoterminal cirri; LMR = left marginal row; Ma = macronuclei; MC = midventral complex; PM = paroral membrane; RMR = right marginal row; TC = transverse cirri. Scale bars = 80 µm.
Figure 2 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea
Figure 2. Parallelostrombidium ellipticum sp. nov. from life (A–F, J–R) and after protargol impregnation (G–I, S–Y). A, J, ventral views of typical specimen. B, L, dorsal views, arrowhead marks the extrosomes. C, P, detail views of the polygonal platelets. D, resting extrusomes. E, swimming trace. F, K, fat individual. G, pattern of somatic ciliature. H, I, ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views showing the ciliary pattern and the macronucleus. M, Q, apical views, arrows mark the thigmotactic membranelles. N, ventral view of anterior portion of cell, arrow marks the apical protrusion. O, detail of extrusomes attached above the girdle kinety, arrowheads mark the cilia of girdle kinety. R, S, posterior portion of cell, showing the distribution of extrusomes (arrowheads). T, detail view of the dikinetids in girdle kinety. U, Y, right lateral views to show the posterior portion of ventral and girdle kineties. V, ventral view showing the somatic kineties and the macronucleus. W, ventral views of anterior cell portion, to show the adoral zone of membranelles. X, detail of the oral primordium (arrow) in the early stage dividers. AM, anterior membranelles; E, extrusomes; EM, endoral membrane; GK, girdle kinety; Ma, macronucleus; TM, thigmotactic membranelles; VK, ventral kinety; VM, ventral membranelles. Scale bars: 100 μm (E); 30 μm (A, B, F–M, Q); 20 μm (N, R, S, U–W); 5 μm (C, D, O, P, T, X, Y).
Figure 4 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea
Figure 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences indicating the phylogenetic positions of Parallelostrombidium obesum, Parallelostrombidium ellipticum, and Strombidium tropicum (orange dots). Numbers at the nodes represent support values in the following order: ML bootstrap values and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities. Nodes absent from one of the two phylogenies are indicated by a hyphen. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per ten nucleotides.
Figure 1 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea
Figure 1. Parallelostrombidium obesum sp. nov. from life (A–E, I–R) and after protargol impregnation (F–H, S–V). A, ventral view of typical specimen. B, I, J, different body shapes, arrow marks the apical protrusion. C, swimming trace. D, P, pattern of cortical platelets. E, O, Q, detail of extrusomes attached above the girdle kinety. F, pattern of somatic ciliature. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) views of the same specimens showing the ciliary pattern and the macronucleus. K, lateral view. L, N, ventral (L) and dorsal (N) views showing the distribution of extrusomes (arrowheads). M, two thigmotactic membranelles. R, detail of bases of thigmotactic membranelles (arrows). S, V, ventral views of anterior portion of cell showing oral membranelles. T, U, dorsal (T) and ventral (U) views showing the girdle and ventral kineties. AM, anterior membranelles; E, extrusomes; EM, endoral membrane; GK, girdle kinety; Ma, macronucleus; TM, thigmotactic membranelles; VK, ventral kinety; VM, ventral membranelles. Scale bars: 120 μm (C); 40 μm (A, B, F–K); 20 μm (L–N, S–V); 10 μm (D, E, O–R).
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