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2,206 results for “Communications”
Data from: Sociosexual and communication deficits after traumatic injury to the developing murine brain
Despite the life-long implications of social and communication dysfunction after pediatric traumatic brain injury, there is a poor understanding of these deficits in terms of their developmental trajectory and underlying mechanisms. In a well-characterized murine model of pediatric brain injury, we recently demonstrated that pronounced deficits in social interactions emerge across maturation to adulthood after injury at postnatal day (p) 21, approximating a toddler-aged child. Extending these findings, we here hypothesized that these social deficits are dependent upon brain maturation at the time of injury, and coincide with abnormal sociosexual behaviors and communication. Age-dependent vulnerability of the developing brain to social deficits was addressed by comparing behavioral and neuroanatomical outcomes in mice injured at either a pediatric age (p21) or during adolescence (p35). Sociosexual behaviors including social investigation and mounting were evaluated in a resident-intruder paradigm at adulthood. These outcomes were complemented by assays of urine scent marking and ultrasonic vocalizations as indices of social communication. We provide evidence of sociosexual deficits after brain injury at p21, which manifest as reduced mounting behavior and scent marking towards an unfamiliar female at adulthood. In contrast, with the exception of the loss of social recognition in a three-chamber social approach task, mice that received TBI at adolescence were remarkably resilient to social deficits at adulthood. Increased emission of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) as well as preferential emission of high frequency USVs after injury was dependent upon both the stimulus and prior social experience. Contrary to the hypothesis that changes in white matter volume may underlie social dysfunction, injury at both p21 and p35 resulted in a similar degree of atrophy of the corpus callosum by adulthood. However, loss of hippocampal tissue was greater after p21 compared to p35 injury, suggesting that a longer period of lesion progression or differences in the kinetics of secondary pathogenesis after p21 injury may contribute to observed behavioral differences. Together, these findings indicate vulnerability of the developing brain to social dysfunction, and suggest that a younger age-at-insult results in poorer social and sociosexual outcomes.
Data from: Kin recognition affects plant communication and defence
The ability of many animals to recognize kin has allowed them to evolve diverse cooperative behaviours; such ability is less well studied for plants. Many plants, including Artemisia tridentata, have been found to respond to volatile cues emitted by experimentally wounded neighbours to increase levels of resistance to herbivory. We report that this communication was more effective among A. tridentata plants that were more closely related based on microsatellite markers. Plants in the field that received cues from experimentally clipped close relatives experienced less leaf herbivory over the growing season than those that received cues from clipped neighbours that were more distantly related. These results indicate that plants can respond differently to cues from kin, making it less likely that emitters will aid strangers and making it more likely that receivers will respond to cues from relatives. More effective defence adds to a growing list of favourable consequences of kin recognition for plants.
Data from: The evolution of alternative adaptive strategies for effective communication in noisy environments
Animals communicating socially are expected to produce signals that are conspicuous within the habitats in which they live. The particular way in which a species adapts to its environment will depend on its ancestral condition and evolutionary history. At this point, it is unclear how properties of the environment and historical factors interact to shape communication. Tropical Anolis lizards advertise territorial ownership using visual displays in habitats where visual motion or 'noise' from windblown vegetation poses an acute problem for the detection of display movements. We studied eight Anolis species that live in similar noise environments, but belong to separate island radiations with divergent evolutionary histories. We found that species on Puerto Rico displayed at times when their signals were more likely to be detected by neighboring males and females (during periods of low noise). In contrast, species on Jamaica displayed irrespective of the level of environmental motion, apparently because these species have a display that is effective in a range of viewing conditions. Our findings appear to reflect a case of species originating from different evolutionary starting points evolving different signal strategies for effective communication in noisy environments.
Data from: Chemical communication, sexual selection, and introgression in wall lizards
Divergence in communication systems should influence the likelihood that individuals from different lineages interbreed, and consequently shape the direction and rate of hybridization. Here, we studied the role of chemical communication in hybridization, and its contribution to asymmetric and sexually selected introgression, between two lineages of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Males of the two lineages differed in the chemical composition of their femoral secretions. Chemical profiles provided information regarding male secondary sexual characters, but the associations were variable and inconsistent between lineages. In experimental contact zones, chemical composition was weakly associated with male reproductive success, and did not predict the likelihood of hybridization. Consistent with these results, introgression of chemical profiles in a natural hybrid zone resembled that of neutral nuclear genetic markers overall, but one compound in particular (tocopherol methyl ether) matched closely the introgression of visual sexual characters. These results imply that associations between male chemical profiles, sexual characters and reproductive success largely reflect transient and environmentally driven effects, and that genetic divergence in chemical composition is largely neutral. We therefore suggest that femoral secretions in wall lizards primarily provide information about residency and individual identity rather than function as sexual signals.
Data from: Evolving from static to dynamic signals: evolutionary compensation between two communicative signals
Signals that convey related information may impose selection on each other, creating evolutionary links between different components of the communicative repertoire. Here, we ask about the consequences of the evolutionary loss of one signal (a colour patch) on another (a motion display) in Sceloporus lizards. We present data on male lizards of four species: two pairs of sister taxa representing two independent evolutionary losses of the static colour patch (S. cozumelae and S. parvus; S. siniferus and S. merriami). Males of the two species that have undergone an evolutionary loss of blue-belly patches (S. cozumelae, S. siniferus) were less active than their blue-bellied sister taxa (S. parvus, S. merriami), consistent with the suggestion that the belly patches were lost to reduce conspicuousness of species with high predation pressure. In contrast, the headbob display appears to have become more, rather than less, conspicuous over evolutionary time. The colour patch is exhibited primarily during aggressive encounters, whereas headbob displays are multifunction signals used in several different contexts, including aggressive encounters. Males of species that have lost the colour patch produced more motion displays, and the structure of those motion displays were more similar to those produced during combat. In both evolutionary episodes, a static colour signal appears to have been replaced by dynamic motion displays that can be turned off in the presence of predators and other unwanted receivers. The predominant pattern is one of evolutionary compensation and interactions between multiple signals that convey related information.
Data from: Importance of latrine communication in European rabbits shifts along a rural–to–urban gradient
BACKGROUND: Information transfer in mammalian communication networks is often based on the deposition of excreta in latrines. Depending on the intended receiver(s), latrines are either formed at territorial boundaries (between-group communication) or in core areas of home ranges (within-group communication). The relative importance of both types of marking behavior should depend, amongst other factors, on population densities and social group sizes, which tend to differ between urban and rural wildlife populations. Our study is the first to assess (direct and indirect) anthropogenic influences on mammalian latrine-based communication networks along a rural-to-urban gradient in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) living in urban, suburban and rural areas in and around Frankfurt am Main (Germany). RESULTS: The proportion of latrines located in close proximity to the burrow was higher at rural study sites compared to urban and suburban ones. At rural sites, we found the largest latrines and highest latrine densities close to the burrow, suggesting that core marking prevailed. By contrast, latrine dimensions and densities increased with increasing distance from the burrow in urban and suburban populations, suggesting a higher importance of peripheral marking. CONCLUSIONS: Increased population densities, but smaller social group sizes in urban rabbit populations may lead to an increased importance of between-group communication and thus, favor peripheral over core marking. Our study provides novel insights into the manifold ways by which man-made habitat alterations along a rural-to-urban gradient directly and indirectly affect wildlife populations, including latrine-based communication networks.
Data file for paper: " In situ electrochemical quantification of active sites in Fe–N/C non-precious metal catalysts.", Nature. Communications, 7, 13285 doi: 10.1038/ncomms13285 (2016).
<p>The data in this spreadsheet was used to produce the figures in the paper</p> <p>Malko, D., Kucernak, A and Lopes, T, " In situ electrochemical quantification of active sites in Fe–N/C non-precious metal catalysts." </p> <p>Nat. Commun., 7, 13285 doi: 10.1038/ncomms13285 (2016).</p> <p>Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data</p>
Code and data for "An integrated microwave neural network for broadband computation and communication"
<div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>This repository contains code and data used in the presentation of results in the article "An integrated microwave neural network for broadband computation and communication". The contents of the zipped files are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Spectrum Analyzer Outputs (Datasets and ML scripts for digital emulation, radar and signal encoding classification.zip)</strong>: Reduced-bandwidth outputs used to train the backend for results presented in Figs. 3 and 4 and Supplementary Fig. 3.</li> <li><strong>Simulation Code (Coupled mode simulation of integrated MNN.zip) </strong>: For modeling the coupled MNN system shown in Fig. 2 and Extended Figs. 4 and 5.</li> <li><strong>Radar Signal Simulation (Training data and code for simulating dynamic targets in simulated airspace.zip)</strong>: Code to simulate received baseband signals from radar targets.</li> </ul> <p>Each folder contains readme files on how to run the code and analyze data.</p> <p>Please install a recent Python release (https://www.python.org/downloads/) and a recent release of MATLAB (https://www.mathworks.com/help/install/) to run the code. No non-standard hardware is required. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Figure 6 in The Behavioral Ecology of Insect Vibrational Communication
Figure 6. Frequency spectra of vibrational signals (a through f) predicted to evolve in response to different combinations of receiver frequency selectivity and average substrate filtering properties. For example, when the substrate filtering is unpredictable or flat, use of signals containing a broad range of frequencies may ensure that some energy reaches the signaler (a). However, this strategy will only be successful if receivers are also broadly tuned; if receivers are selective for a narrow band of frequencies, signals should likewise be narrowly tuned (b). Use of hosts with different filtering properties (such as lowpass vs. bandpass filters, or bandpass filters with different best frequencies) may favor the evolution of different signals, a process that could contribute to speciation.
Figure 5 in The Behavioral Ecology of Insect Vibrational Communication
Figure 5. Female preference curve for signal frequency compared with the amplitude spectrum of a male advertisement signal for a treehopper (a member of the Enchenopa binotata species complex occurring on the host plant Ptelea trifoliata in central Missouri). (a) Amplitude spectrum of a male advertisement signal that closely matches the mean frequency for the population. The waveform of that signal is shown above. (b) Proportion of females (n = 15) that responded to digitally generated signals that varied in carrier frequency while keeping all other traits at the mean value for the population. Playback stimuli were delivered by means of a magnet attached to the host plant stem and an electromagnet placed 2 millimeters away from the magnet. The stimuli and the female response calls were monitored with a PCB U352B65 accelerometer and U480E09 amplifier connected to a recording computer. Playback intensity was set to the median peak acceleration of the signals of nine males recorded on the playback plant.
Figure 4 in The Behavioral Ecology of Insect Vibrational Communication
Figure 4. Examples of complex vibrational signaling environments. (a) A male treehopper (Heteronotus trinodosus) producing advertisement signals in alternation with another male on the same stem. (b, c) Field recordings from two herbaceous plants in Soberanía National Park, Panama. Each recording contains signals of approximately four insect species, with one species signaling continuously (indicated with number 1 in panel b and number 3 in panel c). Scale bars = 1 second. It is difficult to gain from figures like these the impression one gets, when listening to vibrational signals in plants in the field, of an encounter with a mysterious and alien world of sound.
Figure 1 in The Behavioral Ecology of Insect Vibrational Communication
Figure 1. Prevalence of various signaling modalities among insects that use mechanical communication (categories from Greenfield 2002). The pie chart above shows an estimate obtained by tallying the number of families for which evidence of signaling in any given modality exists. The chart below shows a more speculative estimate obtained by counting the number of species for which such evidence is available; for groups in which reports suggest the use of a modality is widespread, or for which few reports exist but all have found use of a particular modality, we tallied the total number of described species in the group. We excluded instances of detection of incidental cues produced by conspecifics (e.g., we did not count detection of water surface vibrations by gyrinid beetles or of near-field vibrations by culicids and chironomids). We also excluded instances in which the vibration might be perceived through direct bodily contact (e.g., during copulatory courtship). Files with the references used to generate this figure are available on request from the authors. The distribution of signaling modalities among insect orders (phylogenetic tree from Gullan and Cranston 2000) suggests that the use of substrate vibrations for communication may be ancestral for at least some insect groups at the supraordinal level.
Figure 3 in The Behavioral Ecology of Insect Vibrational Communication
Figure 3. Wind as an agent of selection on insect vibrational communication through plants. (a) Hourly wind speeds, averaged over one month, recorded at a weather station in Corvallis, Oregon. Wind speeds were consistently lower in the morning. Wind-speed data were obtained from the AgriMet Program of the US Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Region (www.usbr.gov/pn/agrimet/ webagdayread.html). (b) Short-term variation in the amplitude of wind-induced vibrations in a petiole of a black walnut tree, Juglans nigra. (c, d) Amplitude spectra (x ⎯ ± standard deviation) of wind-induced vibrations in petioles of two tree species, J. nigra and Robinia pseudoacacia, showing the predominance of low frequencies and the gradual roll-off at higher frequencies. Wind noise recordings were made at typical positions of treehoppers (Enchenopa binotata) on the two host plants, using a PCB U352B65 accelerometer attached to the leaf petiole and a PCB U480E09 amplifier connected to a Macintosh G3 laptop computer. Maximum wind velocity for these recordings, measured with a handheld anemometer, varied from 1 to 2 meters per second (n = 1 petiole per tree for 10 trees of each species).
Communication campaign Food4Future_cz - Series of videos
<p><strong>Food4Future_cz</strong> is a communication campaign developed by the EU-funded project <a href="https://foodsafety4.eu/">FoodSafety4EU</a>. The campaign aims to raise youngsters' awareness about food safety and sustainability for a conscious and considerate approach to the environment. For more information about the campaign in Czechia, please visit <a href="http://www.foodnet.cz/cs/food4future_cz">http://www.foodnet.cz/cs/food4future_cz</a> and in English please visit <a href="https://foodsafety4.eu/">FoodSafety4EU</a>.</p><p><strong>6 VIDEOS in Czech language with subtitles in English:</strong></p><p><strong>CROPS ON A DRY PLANET (BACKGROUND): </strong>Do you care about the food choices you make? On a planet that's slowly running out of water, alternative ways of farming will become progressively more important. Watch the video with our <i>AquaFriend</i> explaining the water-saving benefits of aquaponics! </p><p><strong>LONG LIVE LETTUCE (KITCHEN): </strong>Do you care about the food choices you make? Not only is aquaponic production safer, but by maintaining the integrity of the root system, the produce such as salad can be stored for longer while staying fresh. Watch the video with our <i>AquaFriend </i>explaining the longevity of produce grown from aquaponics!</p><p><strong>NOT THAT COMPLICATED (LABORATORY): </strong>Do you care about the food choices you make? Even though the principles of aquaponics may sound complicated at first glance, it is a simple and old method of effectively producing crops and fish. Watch the video with our <i>AquaFriend</i> explaining the main principles of aquaponic farming!</p><p><strong>FISH ARE FRIENDS (POND): </strong>Do you care about the food choices you make? Aquaponic farming is not only a source of produce but also fish which is an important protein source. Watch the video with our <i>AquaFriend</i> explaining the benefits of producing fish in an aquaponic farm!</p><p><strong>BETTER THAN ORGANIC (RESTAURANT): </strong>Do you care about the food choices you make? Even though aquaponic produce cannot be marked as "BIO", it has multiple benefits over traditional farming. Watch the video with our <i>AquaFriend</i> explaining the benefits (i.e. pesticide-free, sustainable) of aquaponic farming!</p><p><strong>SHARE WITH CLASS (SCHOOL): </strong>Do you care about the food choices you make? Watch the video with our <i>AquaFriend </i>explaining the aquaponic cycle!</p>
F in Short Communication On the correct name for Hemigrapsus edwardsii (Hilgendorf, 1882) (Brachyura: Varunidae) from New Zealand
F. 1. Hemigrapsus sexdentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) dorsal view of male, 30.5×25.9 mm, Kaikoura Peninsula, 18 April 2002, CLM Collection.
Videnskabsformidlingsaktivitet – Science Communication – Nørre Lyndelse Friskole – Oktober 2023
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Reflections on knowledge, communication and knowledge organization overtime
<p>Moments after mankind started to make moveable physical records describing the world about them people started to store and arrange the records in logical order. Thereafter, records were copied and translated and simple catalogues of collections were compiled. Others, working from these records and from oral sources compiled lists, dictionaries and encyclopaedias. As the means of communication developed from the first revolutionary invention of writing to other revolutions in communication methods, notably printing with moveable type and the computer, techniques of knowledge organization became more sophisticated and powerful. In the first half of the 21st Century we are faced with an unprecedented communications overload and the full range of knowledge organization techniques need to be deployed, further developed and applied.</p>
CommRad RF: A dataset of communication radio signals for detection, identification and classification
<p>In this age of information, data is the most valuable commodity. In today's world it is easier to acquire millions of standard/known and even non- standard/unknown RF signals. Perhaps, having such huge amount of data can help people to develop novel deep learning techniques. This dataset focuses on communication radios baseband signals. It includes RF signals from multiple radios using different frequencies, in different environments. Over 2700 RF signals from 27 different radios are included in the dataset. An RF receiver was used to capture the dataset, which automatically detects RF signals and records them until they disappear. In order to create a signal library, the receiver is connected to a laptop that pre-processes and stores RF signatures from different emitters.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Uncovering Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda name length patterns for enhanced scientific communication
FIGURE 6. Number of zooplankton species named after a male person (yellow line) or after a female person (orange line), as indicated by suffix (-i, -ii or -ae) over more than two centuries.
FIGURE 2. Most common specific names a in Uncovering Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda name length patterns for enhanced scientific communication
FIGURE 2. Most common specific names a) in full dataset and b) per taxonomic group (Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.