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Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
Populations within species often exhibit variation in traits that reflect local adaptation and further shape existing adaptive potential for species to respond to climate change. However, our mechanistic understanding of how the environment shapes trait variation remains poor. Here, we used common garden experiments to quantify thermal performance in eight populations of the marine snail <i>Urosalpinx cinerea </i>across thermal gradients on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America. We then evaluated the relationship between thermal performance and environmental metrics derived from time-series data. Our results reveal a novel pattern of "mixed" trait performance adaptation, where thermal optima was positively correlated with spawning temperature (cogradient variation), while maximum trait performance was negatively correlated with season length (countergradient variation). This counterintuitive pattern likely arises because of phenological shifts in the spawning season, whereby "cold" populations delay spawning until later in the year when temperatures are warmer compared to "warm" populations that spawn earlier in the year when temperatures are cooler. Our results show that variation in thermal performance can be shaped by multiple facets of the environment and are linked to organismal phenology and natural history. Understanding the impacts of climate change on organisms therefore requires the knowledge of how climate change will alter different aspects of the thermal environment.
ChannelSet: a composite dataset of diverse acoustic environments
<p>We introduce ChannelSet, a dataset which provides a launchpad for exploring the extraneous acoustic information typically suppressed or ignored in audio tasks such as automatic speech recognition. We combined components of existing publicly available datasets to encompass broad variability in recording equipment, microphone position, room or surrounding acoustics, event density (i.e., how many audio events are present), and proportion of foreground and background sounds. Source datasets include: the CHiME-3 background dataset, CHiME-5 evaluation dataset, AMI meeting corpus, Freefield1010, and Vystadial2016.</p> <p>ChannelSet includes 13 classes spanning various acoustic environments: Indoor_Commercial_Bus, Indoor_Commercial_Cafe, Indoor_Domestic, Indoor_Meeting_Room1, Indoor_Meeting_Room2, Indoor_Meeting_Room3, Outdoor_City_Pedestrian, Outdoor_City_Traffic, Outdoor_Nature_Birds, Outdoor_Nature_Water, Outdoor_Nature_Weather, Telephony_CZ, and Telephony_EN. Each sample is between 1 and 10 seconds in duration. Each class contains 100 minutes of audio, for a total of 21.6 hours, split into separate test (20%) and train (80%) partitions.</p> <p>Download includes scripts, metadata, and instructions for producing ChannelSet from source datasets.<br> </p>
Fig. 7 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 7. Late Holocene Novocaspian gastropod species from Turali, with indication of sample and collection number. A Clathrocaspia gmelinii: M0203, RGM.1309848 B Clessiniola variabilis: M0204, RGM.1309864 C Ecrobia grimmi: M0202, RGM.1309863 D Laevicaspia sieversii: M0204, RGM.1309849 E Laevicaspia kolesnikoviana: M0221, RGM.1309850 F Laevicaspia conus: M0204, RGM.1309851 G Turricaspia spica: M0202, RGM.1309858 H Turricaspia sp. indet. M0222, RGM.962401. I Abeskunus brusinianus: low morph, M0204, RGM.962355 J Abeskunus brusinianus: high morph, M0204, RGM.962355 K Theodoxus pallasi: M0204, RGM.130985, L. Theodoxus pallasi: M0220, RGM.1309862, M Abeskunus exiguus, M0204, RGM.962357. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 6 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 6. Late Holocene Novocaspian bivalve species from Turali, with indication of sample and collection number. LV displayed on the left, RV on the right. A–B Adacna laeviuscula (Eichwald, 1829). A M0222, RGM.962359 B M0222, RGM.962358 C–D Adacna vitrea (Eichwald, 1829) C M0221, RGM.962360 D M0221, RGM.962361 E–F Hypanis plicata (Eichwald, 1829) E M0221, RGM.962362 F M0221, RGM.962363 G–H Monodacna albida (Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1967) G M0202, RGM.962364 H M0202, RGM.962365 I–J Monodacna caspia (Eichwald, 1829) I M0204, RGM.962367 J M0205, RGM.962368 K–L Monodacna semipellucida (Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1967) K M0222, RGM.962369 L M0222, RGM.962370 M–N Dreissena caspia (Eichwald, 1855) M M0222, RGM.962371 N M0202, RGM.962372 O–P Dreissena elata (Andrusov, 1897) O M0203, RGM.962375 P M0221, RGM.962376 Q–R Dreissena grimmi (Andrusov, 1890) Q M0203, RGM.962374 R M0202, RGM.962373. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 2. Schematic representation of sections Turali 1-3. Asterisks (*) denote calibrated 14C ages BP. Small case letters refer to sedimentary units: a. eastwards-dipping bay fill, b. eastwards-dipping bay fill, c. sand with shells along eastward-dipping foresets, d. deformed laminated silts and sands, e. massive gravel beds, f. coarsegrained pebble lag, g. slightly dipping sand layers with shells, h. low-angle clinoforms with pebbles and shells, i. stratified silt stone, lagoonal, j. silt layer with shells, k. Aeolian interval, l. stratified silt stone, lagoonal.
Fig. 3 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 3. Paired Didacna eichwaldi (Turali-2, sample M0205) exposed just below the water table of the Great Turali Lake. Width of the shells approximately 2 cm. Photograph SBK, 2002.
Fig. 8 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 8. Reconstruction of Turali Bay, c. 2300 calyr BP. The palaeocoastline is approximatly based on the estimated lake level reconstructed for the time of deposition.
Fig. 5 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 5. Late Holocene Novocaspian bivalve species from Turali, with indication of sample and collection number. LV displayed on the left, RV on the right. A–B Cerastoderma sp. A [non C. rhomboides (Lamarck, 1819)] A M0215, RGM.961896 B M0215, RGM.962391 C–D Cerastoderma glaucum (Bruguière, 1789) C M0216, RGM.962390 D M0216, RGM.962389 E–F Didacna baeri (Grimm, 1877) E M0204, RGM.962379 F M0204, RGM.962380 G–H Didacna eichwaldi (Krynicki, 1837) G M02-05, RGM.961900 H M02-05, RGM.961900 I–J Didacna parallela (Bogachev, 1932) I M0202, RGM.962383 J M0202, RGM.962384 K–L Didacna protracta (Eichwald, 1841) K M0202, RGM.962386 L M0222, RGM.962385 M–N Didacna pyramidata (Grimm, 1877) M M0202, RGM.962387 N M0222, RGM.962388 O–P Didacna trigonoides (Pallas, 1771) O M0215, RGM.962378 P M0215, RGM.962377. Q–R Didacna barbotdemarnii (Grimm, 1877) Q M0222, RGM.962420 R M0221, RGM.962421. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 9 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 9. Box core residue (sample M0267, c. 2 km off shore Turali at a water depth of 9.4 m) separated into the dark Novocaspian (left) and light 20th Century (right) fractions defined in the text. Largest shell c 1.5 cm across.
Fig. 4 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 4. Rarefaction curves of the Turali samples with 95% confidence interval and extrapolated species richness for double sample size.
Fig. 1 in Mollusc biodiversity in late Holocene nearshore environments of the Caspian Sea: A baseline for the current biodiversity crisis
Fig. 1. Geographic context of study site. (a) Map of the Caspian Sea. Source bathymetry: Kostianoy et al. (2005): Fig. 1 (p. 7). (b) Location of the outcrops treated in this paper. Tu1-Tu5 represent outcrops Turali 1-5. Brown ridges are Holocene Novocaspian beach barriers (see Kroonenberg et al., 2007). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Untangling the drivers of the radiation belt environment
<p>2019_psd_ave_a.hdf5 - 30 min average of RBSP A radiation belt electron phase space density (PSD) 2013-2019</p> <p>2019_psd_ave_b.hdf5 - 30 min average of RBSP B radidation belt electron PSD 2013-2019</p> <p>2019_solwind_ave.hdf5 - 30 min average of solar wind parameters 2013-2019</p> <p>The files are in HDF5 formaten</p>
FIG. 2 in Les myriapodes chilopodes (Chilopoda) du Parc national du Mercantour, du département des Alpes-Maritimes et de leurs environs: description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Lithobius Leach, 1814 s.s., synthèse des connaissances et espèces menacées
FIG. 2. — Lithobius (Lithobius) lemairei n. sp. (holotype femelle, 8 mm de long, d'Entrevaux). A, tête, vue latérale; B, bord rostral du coxosternum forcipulaire, vue ventrale; C, moitié postérieure du corps, vue dorsale; D, patte 15 droite, vue ventrale (pores glandulaires non représentés); E, gonopodes, vue ventrale. Échelles: A, D: 0,2 mm; B, E: 0,1 mm; C: 0,5 mm.
FIG. 1 in Les myriapodes chilopodes (Chilopoda) du Parc national du Mercantour, du département des Alpes-Maritimes et de leurs environs: description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Lithobius Leach, 1814 s.s., synthèse des connaissances et espèces menacées
FIG. 1. — Lithobius (Lithobius) lemairei n. sp. (holotype femelle, 8 mm de long, d'Entrevaux): A, habitus, vue dorsale; B, tête et premiers segments pédifères, vue ventrale; C, derniers segments pédifères et segments gonopodiaux, vue ventrale; D, patte 14 gauche, vue ventrale. Échelles: A-C, 0,5 mm; D, 0,2 mm.
FIG. 3 in Architectural analysis of Buxus vahlii Baill. (Buxaceae) in two different environments in Puerto Rico
FIG. 3. — Buxus vahlii Baill.: A, intertwined trichomes around the bud in Buxus vahlii; B, set of lateral buds. Scale bars: A, 400 μm; B, 100 μm.
FIG. 7 in Architectural analysis of Buxus vahlii Baill. (Buxaceae) in two different environments in Puerto Rico
FIG. 7. — Phases of development of Buxus vahlii Baill.: A, juvenile tree with axes A1, A2 and A3; B, mature tree; dashed lines indicate sequence of replacement axes in sequential reiteration; C, senescent tree. Circles indicate reiterated axes, crosses indicate dead axes.
FIG. 8 in Architectural analysis of Buxus vahlii Baill. (Buxaceae) in two different environments in Puerto Rico
FIG. 8. — Crown shape in Buxus vahlii Baill.: A, in Rincón forest; B, in Isabela forest. Arrows indicate flowers.
FIG. 2 in Présence du genre Lepidocottus Sauvage, 1875 (Teleostei, Gobioidei) dans l'Oligocène inférieur des environs de Céreste (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France)
FIG. 2. — Vue générale de Lepidocottus cf. aries (Agassiz, 1839): A, spécimen PNRL-MER-7, découvert à Viens, conservé dans les collections paléontologiques du Parc naturel régional du Luberon à Apt (Vaucluse); B, spécimen MNHN.F.CRT254, provenant de Pichovet, près de Vachères, conservé à Paris dans les collections paléontologiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Échelles: 1 cm.
FIG. 4 in Présence du genre Lepidocottus Sauvage, 1875 (Teleostei, Gobioidei) dans l'Oligocène inférieur des environs de Céreste (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France)
FIG. 4. — Lepidocottus cf. aries (Agassiz, 1839). Squelette caudal axial du spécimen PNRL-MER-7, conservé dans les collections paléontologiques du Parc naturel régional du Luberon à Apt (Vaucluse). Abréviations: a.h. PU 2, hémapophyse portée par le premier centrum préural libre; a.h. PU 3, hémapophyse portée par le second centrum préural libre; a.n. PU 2, neurapophyse portée par le premier centrum préural libre; a.n. PU 3, neurapophyse portée par le second centrum préural libre; Ep 1-2, épuraux; Hy 1+2, plaque hypurale inférieure; Hy 3+4, plaque hypurale supérieure fusionnée au complexe uro-terminal; Hy 5, Hypural dorsal; PHy, parhypural; PU 1+U 1, complexe uro-terminal; PU 2, PU 3, centra préuraux libres. Échelle: 5 mm.
FIG. 3 in Présence du genre Lepidocottus Sauvage, 1875 (Teleostei, Gobioidei) dans l'Oligocène inférieur des environs de Céreste (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France)
FIG. 3. — Lepidocottus cf. aries (Agassiz, 1839). Tête du spécimen PNRL-MER-7, conservé dans les collections paléontologiques du Parc naturel régional du Luberon à Apt (Vaucluse). Abréviations: Chy 2, cératohyal distal; Dent, dentaire; Fr, frontal; Mx, maxillaire; Pal, palatin; Pmx, prémaxillaire; Pop, préopercule; Psph, parasphénoïde. Échelle: 5 mm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.