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Long-term data reveal widespread phenological change across major U.S. estuarine food webs
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Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Old-field succession experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Old-field succession experiment, previously funded by the National Science Foundation, was initiated in 2001 in a section of the abandoned hay field that was sprayed with herbicide, plowed and disked prior to the start of the study to investigate plant community dynamics in the context of old-field succession initiated on bare soil. The experimental design involves factorial experimental gradients of nitrogen (N) supply (four levels of N fertilization), phosphorus (P) supply (two levels of P fertilization) and plant propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 50+ native and naturalized species to half of the study plots. With annual sampling this experiment allows us to examine old-field succession and community assembly unfolding along gradients of N and P fertilization and under conditions of ambient and experimentally-enriched species pools.
International Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) Atmospheric Deposition and Stream Nitrogen Synthesis
We identified variables controlling stream nitrogen concentrations and fluxes, and how they have changed over time, by synthesizing 20 time series ranging from 5 to 51 years of data collected from forest and grassland dominated watersheds across Europe, North America, and East Asia and across four climate types (tropical, temperate, Mediterranean, and boreal) using the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network. We found declining trends in bulk ammonium and nitrate deposition, with ammonium contributing significantly more to atmospheric nitrogen deposition over time. Among sites, there were significant positive relationships between (1) precipitation and stream ammonium and nitrate fluxes and (2) atmospheric nitrogen inputs and stream nitrogen concentrations and fluxes. There were no significant relationships between air temperature and stream nitrogen export. Our long-term data shows that although nitrogen deposition is declining over time, atmospheric nitrogen inputs and precipitation remain the main predictors for nitrogen exported from forested and grassland watersheds. Overall, we also demonstrate that long-term monitoring provides understanding of ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling that would not be possible with short-term studies alone. Acknowledgements: We thank the organizers and funders of the ILTER Nitrogen Initiative Training Course and Workshop in Hokkaido, Japan in June 2016, which brought together many of the participants in this project. Templer was supported by a US National Science Foundation LTER grant NSF DEB 1637685. McDowell was supported by US National Science Foundation LTER grant NSF DEB 1831592. We are grateful to the EU Horizon 2020 funded eLTER PLUS project (Grand Agreement No. 871128) for financial support to Haase and Dirnböck. Dirnböck was also funded by the LTER-CWN project (FFG project number 858024). This study was partly supported by the Research Initiative Grants of the ILTER, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (1
Long-term small mammal community dynamics in Northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland and shrubland ecotones
Sevilleta LTER data-sets 129 and 008 (http://sev.lternet.edu/data/sev-129, -008), sevilleta_species_list.csv from dp2 and Met_all.csv from dp1 were utilized in "Final Figure One Code.R" to calculate precipitation (A), percent cover (B) and rodent abundances (C) for the Creosote and Black Grama core sites. To generate a multi-panel figure (Figure 1). Sevilleta LTER data-set 008 was utilized in "Final Figure Two Code.R" to show non-metric multidimensional scaling between rodent foraging guilds in grassland versus shrubland to generate a two panel figure (Figure 2). Sevilleta LTER data-set 008 was utilized in "Final Figure Three Code Table 1 and 2.R" to assess comunity dynamic metrics (Package CoDyn in R) illustrating species richness, turnover, mean rand shift, and temporal changes in community composition of small mammals in each of the core sites. SIMPER analysis to calculate contributions of species to dissimilarities between the two habitats were run, and values were inserted into the final paper. Community Stability Metrics (CoDyn) such as stability, synchrony, and variance were run, and values inserted into a table in the final paper. "Final Analysis Code.R" utilizes Sevilleta LTER data-sets 129 and OO8, sevilleta_species_list.csv, and Met_all.csv to conduct linear regressions, ANOVA, and significance testing to describe differences between the Heteromyid and Cricetid communities in both the grassland and shrubland. Three tables are generated for possible further analysis, but they are not utilized in this paper. All significant values were utilized, but not output as an additional table.
Long-term demographic data on the endangered legume Crotalaria avonensis, from Carter Creek Tract, Lake Wales Ridge Wildlife Environmental Area, 1998-2017 (ongoing)
This dataset contains demographic data from a long-term study of Crotalaria avonensis (Avon Park Harebells; Fabaceae), a federally and state endangered plant endemic to a small area on the Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida. The plant is a small perennial herbaceous legume. The dataset includes data from 1998 through 2017 from the Carter Creek Unit of the Lake Wales Ridge Wildlife Environmental Area. Data collected include survival, size, and reproductive data from individual plants located in permanent quadrats. There are also data on six fires, caging to reduce herbivory, and other events that affected plants.
Small mammals surveys, 1981 - 1996, Adirondack Long-Term Ecological Monitoring Program Project No. 10 by Adirondack Ecological Center of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Newcomb, New York. Environmental Data Initiative
Small mammals are important in forested ecosystems: they are key predators on seeds and invertebrates, provide food for larger predators and act as disease vectors. The objective of this study was to document small mammal abundance and population changes in managed and unmanaged forests of Huntington Wildlife Forest (HWF). Seven sites were sampled from 1981-1996. Fifty traps per site (250 total) were deployed for 4 nights and checked in the mornings. All captured small mammals were identified, sexed, weighed, and measured for reproductive condition, tagged, and brought into the lab for processing. Females with embryos or placental scars were noted in the lab. Over a five-year period, 671 deer mice; 261 woodland jumping mice, 594 southern redbacked voles, 248 short-tailed shrews, 373 masked shrews, 75 smoky shrews and small numbers of other species were captured and sexed/aged. According to Prachar and Sage (1988), weights of deer mice, redbacked voles, woodland jumping mice, short-tailed shrews, masked shrews and smoky shrews differed among years and age classes for 1983-1987. Weights differed between sexes for mice and voles but not shrews. Placental scar/embryo counts of mice and voles did not differ among years, habitats, mammal age classes or sexes. Reproductive rates of shrews exhibited patterns of fluctuation from 1983-1987.
Songbird surveys , 1952 - 1964, 1983 - 2008 Adirondack Long-Term Ecological Monitoring Program Project No. 2 Breeding Birds by Adirondack Ecological Center of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Newcomb, New York. Environmental Data Initiative.
Study objectives were to (1) Document long-term trends in relative abundance and diversity of breeding forest birds (songbirds) in forest stands with different harvest histories and (2) Identify bird species that can be used as indicators of habitat change or degradation. Declines in neotropical migrants have been linked to changes in habitat quantity and quality across species' range. Songbirds that nest and forage in different habitat types or at different heights in the forest canopy may not be affected equally by forest change or management. We detected breeding songbirds using point-counts at Huntington Wildlife Forest (HWF) in the central Adirondack Mountains of New York during 1983-2000 and modeled on an original songbird point count dataset from Webb et al. (1977). Relative abundance (RA, the number of individual birds/count) was measured in sites with differing management histories, from an unmanaged >300-year-old stand to a stand cut with the shelterwood/overstory removal method just prior to sampling in 1983). Over eighty bird species were detected during the study duration. Songbird ecology and habitat characteristics can be used to understand long-term changes in relative abundance as related to forest change.
Meiobenthos abundance. Long-term variability and dynamics of estuarine meiobenthic populations for North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, from 1972 to 1992, North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/350/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/6/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The original purpose of this research was to determine if natural meiobenthic assemblages exhibited continuity over time and to monitor several physical variables to determine if these influenced long-term temporal patterns. The most recent study focused on variation and the relations of meiobenthos abundance with environmental factors over 11 years. Typically marine benthic community studies are limited temporally and the majority of previously published 'longterm' meiofauna results (all taxa) were based on about a year's duration.
Long-term Carbon and Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Dynamics of Leaf and Fine Root Litter project (LIDET-Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team) data for the ARC, Arctic LTER. 1990 to 2000.
This file is from the Long-term Carbon and Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Dynamics of Leaf and Fine Root Litter project (LIDET-Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team). This file contains only the Arctic LTER data. In particular the mass looses over the ten year study. Three types of fine roots (graminoid, hardwood, and conifer), six types of leaf litter (which ranged in lignin/nitrogen ratio from 5 to 75), and wooden dowels were used for litter incubations over a ten year period.
Leave growth of Eriophorum angustifolium and Carex rotundata was measured in a long-term experimental wet sedge tundra site, Arctic LTER 1996, Toolik Lake, AK.
Leave growth of Eriophorum angustifolium and Carex rotundata was measured in a long-term experimental wet sedge tundra site near Toolik Lake, AK. Experimental treatments at each site included factorial NxP, greenhouse and shadehouse and were begun in 1989 (Toolik sites).
Phenological stages of sedges were observed at a long term experimental moist tussock tundra site and a long-term experimental wet sedge tundra sites (Arctic LTER) for 1996 near Toolik Lake, AK.
Phenological stages of sedges were observed at a long term experimental moist tussock tundra site and a long-term experimental wet sedge tundra sites near Toolik Lake, AK. Also, ITEX maximum growth measurements were recorded on August 19th (moist tussock tundra). Experimental treatments at each site included factorial NxP, greenhouse and shadehouse and were begun in 1989. See 96gsphdc.html and 96gsphsg.html for phenological data on deciduous and evergeen species.
Inorganic Nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed on snow samples taken from two snow pits near the long-term acrtic LTER mesic acidic tussock experimental plots Toolik Field Station 2003
Inorganic Nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed on snow samples taken from two snow pits near the long-term acrtic LTER mesic acidic tussock experimental plots. The snow layers in each pit were described and sampled separtely with the help of Matthrew Sturm.
Long-term changes in tundra carbon balance following wildfire, climate change and potential nutrient addition, a modeling analysis.
A study investigating the mechanisms that control long-term response of tussock tundra to fire and to increases in air temperature, CO2, nitrogen deposition and phosphorus weathering. The MBL MEL was used to simulate the recovery of three types of tussock tundra, unburned, moderately burned, and severely burned in response to changes in climate and nutrient additions. The simulations indicate that the recovery of nutrients lost during wildfire is difficult under a warming climate because warming increases nutrient cycles and subsequently leaching within the ecosystem. The study was published in Ecological Applications (in press, 2016). This dataset is the long term archive of the results published in the paper. The full dataset has been broken into two parts because of the number and size of the files. Part 1 contains MBL MEL executable, a model description file in word, and the input files to run the simulations. Part 2 contains the output files for all simulations. Both Part 1 and Part 2 contain several different types of files. In Part 1 the comma separated ascii file included with the dataset is one of the many driver files used for the simulations. The variable descriptions below describe the variables in that file and all the driver files. In Part 2 the comma separated ascii file included with the dataset is one of the many output files from the simulations. The variable descriptions below describe the variables in that file and all the output files. To access all the files in the dataset be sure to download the two zip files described in the Methods section below. Note that the full download is large, over 700 MB for each part. Permanent Archive of the data published in Jiang, et al., in press, Modeling long-term changes in tundra carbon balance following wildfire, climate change and potential nutrient addition, Ecological Applications.
Interior Alaska long-term effects of climate and wildfire on permafrost soil temperature regimes: hourly data, 2013-2018
This dataset contains the hourly output from soil temperature sensors at depths from 5 to 150 cm . Three pairs of burned and unburned sites were instrumented in 2013 to measure permafrost temperature dynamics of the surface permafrost.
Average soil nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Soil ammonium: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Climate Data Summaries for Long-Term Ecological Research Sites
This dataset contains historical climate data and climate summaries from Long-Term Ecological Research sites and other climate stations in their vicinity. It has as its basis "A Climatic Analysis Of Long-Term Ecological Research Sites" created by David Greenland, Timothy KIttel, Bruce Hayden and David Schimel in 1996 (http://climhy.lternet.edu/documents/climdes/). The dataset includes monthly data and summaries aggregating years and months to produce climatic summaries.
Long-term study of tree cholla demography in the Los Pinos mountains, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge
This study was initiated in 2004 by TEX Miller to quantify individual-level demographic rates of tree cholla cacti (Cylindriopuntia imbricata) at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro Co., NM. This data package spans 2004-2018, though the study is maintained through the present. In each year, censuses were conducted over several days in the last week of May and/or the first week of June. Individuals were marked with aluminum tags and tracked longitudinally through time, with annual measures of survival, size, reproductive output, and interactions with insect herbivores and mutualists (extra-floral nectar-feeding ants). For the years 2004-2008, plants were grouped into spatial blocks (T1, T2, T3) lacking defined boundaries. Beginning in 2009, the study design changed to 30m x 30m plots (Plots 1-8) with an entirely new cohort of individuals that does not overlap with the 2004-2008 data. From 2009 onward, plots were searched each year and new plants were added to the census as they were discovered. Seedlings typically require several years of growth before they are detectable in our census, so counts of new plants in a given year do not necessarily reflect recruitment in that year. The data frame is set up such that one row is a transition year (May of year t to May of year t+1) for one individual; this means that all but the first and last years’ observations occur twice, once as the start of a transition year and once as the end.
SGS-LTER Disturbance intensity and above- and belowground herbivory effects on long-term recovery of shortgrass steppe on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1977-1990
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83444 The importance of disturbance intensity and herbivory by cattle and white grubs, or the larvae of June beetles to recovery of shortgrass steppe ecosystems in Colorado, USA were evaluated over a 14 year time period. Disturbance intensity was defined by survival of the dominant grass species (Bouteloua gracilis) after an outbreak of root feeding activity by white grubs. 16 patches of vegetation consisting of four pairs of adjacent ungrazed-grazed by cattle locations with 2 replicates that were recently affected by white grubs were selected in 1977. Disturbance intensity was determined in 1977 by the area in each patch that contained live tillers of B. gracilis. Permanent plots were lcoated both within and outside of each patch. Plant basal cover and density by species were estimated at time of peak aboveground biomass in 6 different years on each plot. Successional dynamics on patches was similar to areas affected by other types of disturbances, however, rate of recovery was faster for patches affected by grubs. Grazing by cattle was infrequently important to plant recovery, a result similar to effects of grazing on other aspects of shortgrass steppe. Disturbance intensity wa
SGS-LTER Long-Term Montioring Project: Arthropod Pitfall Trapping on Small Mammal Trapping Webs on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1998-2006, ARS Study Number 118
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83450. With the exception of heteromyids, eg kangaroo rats and pocket mice, most small rodents in shortgrass steppe are omnivorous. Depending on season, arthropods (insects and arachnids) make up 40-85% of the diet of grasshopper mice and thirteen-lined ground squirrels, the most widespread rodents in northern shortgrass steppe. Small mammals are among the most important predators of ground-dwelling macroarthropods and herbivorous insects provide a direct resource link between weather and plant production. Understanding temporal variability in the abundance of arthropods is central to determining the mechanisms that drive small rodent populations. At present, there are no long-term studies of arthropods in shortgrass steppe, despite the important role that these taxa play in grassland food webs. Beginning in 1998, we implemented field protocols to track changes in relative abundance of terrestrial macroarthropods in grassland and shrub-dominated habitats of shortgrass steppe. Sampling was conducted on the six trapping webs (three upland prairie, three lowland saltbush) where we studied rodent populations, and was conducted approximately monthly from May-September (4-5 sessions/ye
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.