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FIGURE 7 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 7. Thecal orifices and hoods of Gothograptus. A. Pyramidal orifices in Gothograptus domeyki n. sp., VU RET-13, Šiupyliai-69 core, Lithuania, depth 1010.0 m, upper part of lundgreni Biozone. B. rectangular orifice in Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1656.8 m, nassa Biozone, ZPAL G.55/13.

FIGURE 5 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 5. Comparison of Gothograptus obtectus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990 (A) and (B) Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), showing comparative morphology of tubaria. A. medial part of tubarium, obverse side. B. proximal part of tubarium, starting from the ancora umbrella rim, reverse side. The lists of the ancora umbrella are omitted. Drawings DEB.

FIGURE 4 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 4. Proximal ends of young and mature tubaria of (A–B) Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, light blue colour indicates ancora umbrella rim; A. immature tubarium with the first three thecae, obverse view, ZPAL G.55/6. B. mature tubarium, obverse view, with wide lists above proximal lateral orifice (dark blue), ZPAL G.55/23. C, D, E, G, H. Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813- 832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984); C. inside view of proximal end with sicula rim, ZPAL G.55/8. D. outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/9. E, outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/10. G. stereopair of proximal end, ventral view, ZPAL G.55/11; H. lateral view with colored reticulated wall of metasicula, ZPAL G.55/12. F. Gothograptus kozlowskii Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990; erratic boulder, Jarosławiec 147, Poland, lundgreni Biozone, outside view of proximal end, with outer ancora, ZPAL G.XIII/43. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora umbrella, lat.—lateral, m-v—mid-ventral list, prox.—proximal, orif.—orifice, th—theca, umb.—umbrella.

FIGURE 2 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 2. Immature tubaria of Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp. from the Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.6 m, praedeubeli Biozone, Poland. A. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/1. B. tubarium with two pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/2. C– E. tubarium with first pair of thecae, ZPAL G.55/3; C. ventro-lateral view, D. enlargement of distal part of virga with trace of prosicular apex, E. enlargement of distal end showing virga and fragment of virgella. Abbreviation: pros.—prosicular.

FIGURE 23. Gothograptus diminutus n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 23. Gothograptus diminutus n. sp. Bartoszyce IG-1core, Poland. A. lateral view of tubarium, almost mature, with seven pairs of thecae, 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/32. B, C, E. mature tubarium with six pairs of thecae and appendix, holotype, 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.29/21; B. ventro-lateral view; C, fragment of third pair of theca; E. proximal end. D. finite tubarium with six pairs of thecae and appendix, paratype, depth 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/34. F. mature tubarium with seven pairs of thecae, ventrolateral view, depth 1658.8 m, ZPAL G.54/8. G. young tubarium with four pairs of thecae, depth 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/35.

FIGURE 11 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 11. Tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Lithuania. A–B, E–F. Specimen with five pairs of thecae, VU RET-8, Kybartai-14 core, depth 1087.8 m, nassa Biozone; A. ventro-lateral view; B. view of distal end; E, enlargement of cross-section of nema; F, distal view of end of tubarium. C–D, G. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ventral view, VU RET-9, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 998.0 m, nassa Biozone; C. enlargement of th12 orifice; D. oblique view of th12 orifice; G. whole specimen.

FIGURE 1 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 1. Biostratigraphic ranges of Gothograptus Frech, 1897 species from Baltica, and two species of other genera with nassa hoods: Semigothograptus meganassa Kozłowska, 2016 and Neogothograptus eximinassa Maletz, 2008. Abbreviations: G.—Gothograptus, N.—Neogothograptus, S.—Semigothograptus.

FIGURE 8 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 8. Details of bandaging in Gothograptus. A. bandaging on the surface of a nema, before it is overlain by pustular bandaging of the ancora sleeve, ZPAL G.55/42. B. pustular bandages on the surface of a hood, ZPAL G.55/41. C. bandage on the surface of a reticular list, showing pustules, ZPAL G.55/41. D. edge of a bandage on a hood; a "gluey" layer extends laterally beyond an outer granular layer, ZPAL G.55/42. E. the inner surface of the basal sheet layer of a bandage, with scattered vesicles, ZPAL G.55/44. F. bandages on the surface of a hood, ZPAL G.55/46. G. TEM section through reticular list. The pustular outer layer is electron dense; the pustules are formed from the thickening of the layer. H. broken list, thickened by successive bandages, ZPAL G.55/45. A, G. Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813-832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984). B–E. Mulde Marl, Dapps 2, Gotland. F, H. Mulde Marl, Tegelbruk 1, Gotland (Calner & Jeppsson 2003).

FIGURE 15. Gothograptus domeyki n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 15. Gothograptus domeyki n. sp. tubaria of young colonies, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 1009.4 m, lundgreni Biozone, Lithuania. A, E, F. tubarium with five pairs of thecae, ventro-lateral view, VU RET-10; A. whole specimen; E. enlargement of orifice of th41; F. enlargement of orifice of th21. B. tubarium with six pairs of thecae, ventro-lateral view, VU RET-11. C, D. tubarium with seven pairs of thecae, VU RET-12; C. whole tubarium, lateral view; D. enlargement of orifice of th11.

FIGURE 3. Gothograptus auriculatus n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 3. Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., fragments of distal parts of tubaria showing a thick nema, Bartoszyce IG-1, depth 1647.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, Poland. A–B, distal end of tubarium with broken appendix, ZPAL G.55/4, A, fragment with beginning of appendix, B, enlargement of last thecal region showing thick nema. C, lateral view of fragment of medial part of tubarium, ZPAL G.55/5.

FIGURE 22. A–F in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 22. A–F. mature tubarium of Gothograptus velo n. sp., holotype, Zawada 1 core, depth 1533.3–1540.0 m, upper part of lundgreni Biozone, Poland, ZPAL G.XIII/35, specimen with nine pairs of thecae. A. lateral-ventral view of specimen; B. enlargement of distal part of tubarium; C. enlargement of proximal end; D. view of outer ancora from outside; E–F. enlargements of th71. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora, lat. ap.—lateral apertural, v.—ventral, th—theca.

FIGURE 6 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 6. Internal view of the structural features of the thecal framework of Gothograptus. A. Pleural list and socket, ZPAL G.55/40; B. View looking distally of lateral apertural rod curving distally into ventral lip, ZPAL G.55/41; C, E, nema with connecting rod, ZPAL G.55/41, ZPAL G.55/37; D, G. pleural list at side of thecal orifice, ZPAL G.55/42, ZPAL G.55/41. F. midventral list with traces of zigzag fusellar suture, their courses shown by the white bars. ZPAL G.55/43. A–E, G. Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813-832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984). F. Mulde Marl, Dapps 2, Gotland, Sweden (Calner & Jeppsson 2003). H. internal diagrammatic representation of the lists. The seams are coloured brown.

openafl-1.2Jun 2019View details →

Raw in situ observational data sets for manuscript entitled "Effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014) in northern South China Sea explored using Muti-platform satellite and Buoy observations data"

Raw in situ observational data sets for manuscript entitled "Effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014) in northern South China Sea explored using Muti-platform satellite and Buoy observations data" , which has been submitted to Progress in Oceanography for reviewing. Only data sets collected by field observations were uploaded. Other data sets can be download from the relevant open access websites (see the descriptions in the manuscript).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

AI Platforms Overview for Higher Education

This release includes a detailed table comparing various AI platforms. The table covers: <ul> <li>Focus: Primary applications of each platform.</li> <li>Strengths: Key features and benefits.</li> <li>Uniqueness: Distinctive aspects.</li> <li>Limitations: Notable constraints.</li> </ul> How to Use <ol> <li>Download the attached files.</li> <li>Review the table for a comprehensive comparison.</li> </ol> DOI For more information, visit the DOI page: [10.5281/zenodo.13621693](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13621693) Contact For any inquiries, contact <a href="mailto:bsrinivasan@twu.edu">bsrinivasan@twu.edu</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Data for "Establishing a bacterial platform for production of aromatic esters from glycerol"

This repository contains related protein structures, tunnel analyses, docking simulations, ASMD simulations, MD simulations, Caver Dock analyses and the video showing dynamic analysis the tunnels in Car mentioned in our manuscript, 'Establishing a bacterial platform for production of aromatic esters from glycerol'.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Data for: Measuring receptivity to misinformation at scale on a social media platform

General Information This contains the data for the publication: <blockquote> Tokita CK, Aslett K, Godel WP, Sanderson Z, Tucker JA, Nagler J, Persily N, Bonneau RA. (2024). Measuring receptivity to misinformation at scale on a social media platform. PNAS Nexus. </blockquote> Please see the above peer-reviewed article that resulted from this data for more details. Raw and original data are located in the `data/` directory, while data that is generated from intermediate analysis is found in the `data_derived/` directory. Please see the directory in the Github repository <a href="https://github.com/christokita/news-belief-at-scale">https://github.com/christokita/news-belief-at-scale </a>for the code that analyzes this data and generates derived data. The code expects both the `data/` and `data_derived/` folders to reside within the same directory. We also included a README with a description of each directory and subdirectory of the data.   Abstract (for main paper) Measuring the impact of online misinformation is challenging. Traditional measures, such as user views or shares on social media, are incomplete because not everyone who is exposed to misinformation is equally likely to believe it. To address this issue, we developed a method that combines survey data with observational Twitter data to probabilistically estimate the number of users both exposed to and likely to believe a specific news story. As a proof of concept, we applied this method to 139 viral news articles and find that although false news reaches an audience with diverse political views, users who are both exposed and receptive to believing false news tend to have more extreme ideologies. These receptive users are also more likely to encounter misinformation earlier than those who are unlikely to believe it. This mismatch between overall user exposure and receptive user exposure underscores the limitation of relying solely on exposure or interaction data to measure the impact of misinformation, as well as the challenge of implementing effective interventions. To demonstrate how our approach can address this challenge, we then conducted data-driven simulations of common interventions used by social media platforms. We find that these interventions are only modestly effective at reducing exposure among users likely to believe misinformation, and their effectiveness quickly diminishes unless implemented soon after misinformation's initial spread. Our paper provides a more precise estimate of misinformation's impact by focusing on the exposure of users likely to believe it, offering insights for effective mitigation strategies on social media.   Significance Statement (for main paper) As social media platforms grapple with misinformation, our study offers a new approach to measure its spread and impact. By combining survey data with social media data, we estimate not only the number of users exposed to false (and true) news but also the number of users likely to believe these news stories. We find that the impact of misinformation is not evenly distributed, with ideologically extreme users being more likely to see and believe false content, often encountering it before others. Our simulations suggest that current interventions may have limited effectiveness in reducing the exposure of receptive users. These findings highlight the need to consider individual user receptiveness when measuring misinformation's impact and developing policies to combat its spread.

D2.15 List of analysed practices and innovations published in the Exchange platform

Deliverable 2.15 presents the list of analysed practices and innovations available in the B-THENET platform. The dataset format is a list of practices with title (in local language) and rating value. Deliverable 2.15 is the second dataset, following the one of Deliverable 2.14.

D2.10_Categorization of practices in the platforms

Deliverable 2.10 presents the updated list of practices titles and respective categories, added to the B-THENET “Practices” and “R&I” platforms. The dataset format is a table, and it is generated by a plugin. The overall process used to obtain the dataset is described.

D2.14_List of analysed practices and innovations published in the Exchange platform

Deliverable 2.14 presents the results of the analysis of practices and innovations published in the Exchange platform that are being discussed in 2023 by B-THENET Thematic Network. The analysis consisted in rating the practices according to: 1. Sustainability, that includes: cost-benefit, bee health, human health and environmental protection. 2. Scientific value. 3. Readiness to use. The dataset format is a list of practices with titles and rating scores elaborated at local level by the National B-THENET centres together with the respective collaborating partner

D2.11 Categorization of practices in the Platforms M17

Deliverable 2.11 presents the updated list of practices titles and respective categories, added to the B-THENET “Practices” and “R&I” platforms. The dataset format is a table, and it is generated by a plugin. The overall process used to obtain the dataset was described in the previous Deliverable 2.10