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4,753 results for “SHAPE”
Data from: Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life-history traits in steelhead trout
<p>Life-history variation is the raw material of adaptation, and understanding its genetic and environmental underpinning is key to designing effective conservation strategies. We used large-scale genetic pedigree reconstruction of anadromous steelhead trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>) from the Russian River, California, USA to elucidate sex-specific patterns of life-history traits and their heritability. SNP data from adults returning from sea over a 14-year period were used to identify 13,474 parent-offspring trios. These pedigrees were used to determine age structure, size distributions, and family sizes for these fish, as well as to estimate the heritability of two key life-history traits, spawn date and age at maturity (first reproduction). Spawn date was highly heritable (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.73) and had a cross-sex genetic correlation near unity. We provide the first estimate of heritability for age at maturity in ocean-going fish from this species and found it to be high heritable (h<sup>2</sup> from 0.29–0.62, depending upon sex and calculation), with a much lower genetic correlation across sexes. We also evaluated genotypes at a migration-associated inversion polymorphism and found sex-specific correlations with age at maturity. The significant heritability of these two key reproductive traits in these imperiled fish, and their patterns of inheritance in the two sexes, is consistent with predictions of both natural and sexually antagonistic selection (sexes experience opposing selection pressures). This emphasizes the importance of anthropogenic factors, including hatchery practices and ecosystem modifications, in shaping the fitness of this species, thus providing important guidance for management and conservation efforts.</p>
Figure 3 in Tooth shape in teleosts and its link to tooth spacing and replacement
Figure 3. - The upper jaw dentition in three different life stages of Eretmodus cf. cyanostictus (lineage A) (A-C) (11.4 mm SL, 23.4 mm SL and 51.0 mm S.L., resp.) and magnifications of an individual tooth in the respective dentition (A'-C'). D: Lower jaw of the specimen used in (B, B'), showing monocuspid teeth, formed extramedullary (arrowhead), at the end of a row of spatulate teeth, displaying intramedullary replacement. D': Detail of the last spatulate tooth (arrow) showing replacement tooth forming intramedullary below (asterisk). Scale bars: A, B', D' = 100 µm; A' = 15 µm; B, C = 500 µm; C', D = 200 µm.
Figure 1. – A in Tooth shape in teleosts and its link to tooth spacing and replacement
Figure 1. – A: Scanning electron micrograph of the pharyngeal dentition of a one month-old zebrafish (10.4 mm SL). Note considerable differences in tooth shape in the different positions, and micro-ornamentations (arrowheads) at the tooth tip. Anterior to the left, dorsal to the top. B: Detail of the micro-ornamentations of the tooth tip. Note major cusp (asterisk), minor cusp (arrow), and basal protuberance (arrowhead). C: Transmission electron micrograph of a developing replacement tooth in a one month-old zebrafish (9 mm S.L.). Note that the minor cusp is developing with just one odontoblast extending into it (arrow). Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B = 10 µm; C = 10 µm.
Figure 5. - Otolith shape variation associated with A in Otolith shape differences between Micropogonias manni and M. altipinnis (Sciaenidae)
Figure 5. - Otolith shape variation associated with A: body-weight; B: standard length; C: total length of specimens. Grey lines correspond to low BW and SL/TL; black lines correspond to high BW and SL/TL.
Figure 1 in Otolith shape differences between Micropogonias manni and M. altipinnis (Sciaenidae)
Figure 1. - Current distribution range of Micropogonias altipinnis (light grey) and Micropogonias manni (dark gray).
Figure 2 in Otolith shape differences between Micropogonias manni and M. altipinnis (Sciaenidae)
Figure 2. - Left sagitta of Micropogonias altipinnis (A) and M. manni (B); mesial view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Fig. 9 in Capybaras, size, shape, and time: A model kit
Fig. 9. Cardiatheriines from the Ituzaingó Formation. A. Anchimys marshi, MLP 73−I−10−7, holotype. A1. Right mandible in lateral view. A2. Right p4–m3 in occlusal view. B–F. Occlusal view of right lower cheek teeth. B. MLP 61−VI−8−6, m1 (inverted). C. Procardiatherium simplicidens, MLP 73−I−10−8, p4–m2 (inverted). D. Kiyutherium scillatoyanei, MLP 78−II−27−1, p4–m3. E. Cardiatherium paranense, MLP 40−XI−15−1, neotype, p4–m3. F. Cardiatherium sp. A, MLP 61−VI−8−2, m3.
Fig. 3 in Capybaras, size, shape, and time: A model kit
Fig. 3. Cardiatherium patagonicum sp. nov. Dental measurements of occlusal surfaces in: P4 (A); p4 (B); m1–m2 (C).
Fig. 10 in Capybaras, size, shape, and time: A model kit
Fig. 10. Graphics of allometric equations (y = axb, Model II regression) between log 10 of antero−posterior length (AP) versus log 10 of secondary internal flexid length (HSIL) and log 10 of tertiary internal flexid length (HTIL). Cardiatherium patagonicum, black triangle, Kiyutherium orientalis, open circle, and cardiatheriines from the "conglomerado osífero" (dotted line and parameters): C. paranense, black diamond; C. paranense Type, dash; C. petrosum Type, black square; C. doeringi Type, black circle; K. scillatoyanei Type, black triangle in open square. The types of K rosendoi (open diamond) and K. orientalis (open triangle) and cf. C. isseli (open square) were drawn to show their position, but they were not considered in the regression analysis. Confidence intervals of b (slope) between brackets; r, correlation coefficient.
Data for: Intraspecific variation in dispersal probability and host quality shape nectar microbiomes
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Data and analysis scripts for: Co-occurrence patterns at four spatial scales implicate reproductive processes in shaping community assembly in clovers
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Data from: Body shape and mode of propulsion do not constrain routine swimming in coral reef fishes
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Data for: Living in fear: How experience shapes caribou responses to predation risk
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Sex-specific speed-accuracy tradeoffs shape neural processing of acoustic signals in a grasshopper
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Data and code for: Behavioral plasticity shapes participation in a mixed-species flocking community of birds
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Multispecies coinfections and presence of antibiotics shape resistance and fitness costs in a pathogenic bacterium
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Acaulescence promotes speciation and shapes the distribution patterns of palms in Neotropical seasonally dry habitats
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Complex cycles of divergence and migration shape lineage structure in the common kingsnake species complex
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Data from: The structure of an ancient genotype-phenotype map shaped the functional evolution of a protein family
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Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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