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Figure 3 in A new species of Allorhogas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) inducing ovule galls on Miconia chamissois Naudinı a potentially invasive shrub in the Brazilian cerrado

Figure 3. Bayesian phylogram for the examined species of Allorhogas derived from the concatenated analysis with the COI and 28S markers. The black dots indicate the nodes with posterior probability bigger than 0,95. The name of the new species is shown in bold.

Figure 4 in Female treehoppers camouflage behaviour is evidenced during oviposition on wild shrubs

Figure 4. Regression analysis between the size of Enchenopa brasiliensis egg cluster and size of Solanum lycocarpum thorn cluster associated with eggs. Statistical parameters: R2 = 0.4967, F = 15.22, and P <0.0001.

Figure 3 in Female treehoppers camouflage behaviour is evidenced during oviposition on wild shrubs

Figure 3. Location and frequency of Enchenopa brasiliensis egg clusters on the abaxial leaf midribs and petioles.

Figure 5 in Female treehoppers camouflage behaviour is evidenced during oviposition on wild shrubs

Figure 5. Eggs of Enchenopa brasiliensis covered by froth and laid next to abaxial leaf midrib thorns of Solanum lycocarpum.

Figure 2 in Female treehoppers camouflage behaviour is evidenced during oviposition on wild shrubs

Figure 2. Location and frequency of Solanum lycocarpum thorns on the base, middle, base/middle (simultaneously) and tip of the abaxial leaf midrib.

Figure 1 in Female treehoppers camouflage behaviour is evidenced during oviposition on wild shrubs

Figure 1. Adult female of Enchenopa brasiliensis next to a midrib thorn on a Solanum lycocarpum leaf.

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Figure 2 in A new species of Allorhogas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) inducing ovule galls on Miconia chamissois Naudinı a potentially invasive shrub in the Brazilian cerrado

Figure 2. Galls induced by Allorhogas uberlandiensis sp. nov. on the floral buds of its host plant, Miconia chamissois Naudin (Melastomataceae). (a) photograph of 'cerrado' biome showing plants of M. chamissois. (b) plant of M. chamissois. (c) fruits and 'fruit-like' galls. (d) internal longitudinal view of a 'fruit-like' gall showing the locules (GL) formed by the ovary hypertrophy. (e) internal transversal view showing the four locules, each one occupied by an ovule-gall. The insect remains inside the ovule-gall capsule until its emergence from pupa (IE). Afterwards, wings start to expand until it is still inside the fruit-like gall and after it leaves (EA) by opening another hollow (see in C; FLG). IF – Immature fruit, MF – Mature Fruit, FLG – Fruit-like gall, GL – Gall locule, IA – Emerged Adult, IE – Insect emergence, EOG – Empty Ovule-gall.

FIGURE 16a–l. Discolopeus viraktamathi n in A new leafhopper genus Discolopeus and nine new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) associated with shrubs, trees and poisonous plants in South Africa

FIGURE 16a–l. Discolopeus viraktamathi n.gen. & sp., male and female genitalia, line drawing. a. Genital capsule, dorsally; b. Genital capsule, laterally; c. Subgenital plate, ventrally; d, e, f. Aedeagus, dorsally, laterally and ventrally respectively; g, h. Style, dorsally and laterally, respectively; i. Connective; j, k. Valvifers 1, laterally, variation; l. Sternite VII.

FIGURE 1a–n. Discolopeus diacaenus n in A new leafhopper genus Discolopeus and nine new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) associated with shrubs, trees and poisonous plants in South Africa

FIGURE 1a–n. Discolopeus diacaenus n.gen. & sp., male and female genitalia, line drawings. a. Genital capsule, dorsally; b. Genital capsule, laterally; c. Subgenital plate, ventrally; d, e. Aedeagus with tooth subapically and apically respectively, laterally; f, g. Aedeagus with tooth subapically and apically respectively, dorsally; h, i. Style, dorsally, specimen with subapical teeth on aedeagal shaft and apically on shaft respectively; j. Connective, posterior view; k. Connective, dorsally; l Apex, aedeagal process, laterally; m. Style and aedeagus, laterally.

FIGURE 6a–n. Discolopeus gen.n in A new leafhopper genus Discolopeus and nine new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) associated with shrubs, trees and poisonous plants in South Africa

FIGURE 6a–n. Discolopeus gen.n. species, habitus, D. diacaenus sp.n., a–d. Nymphs, mottled, light brown and dark brown colour forms respectively; e, f. D. colopeus sp.n., nymph, mottled and dark form, respectively; D. diacaenus sp.n., g, h. Biesiesfontein and Rondekop, laterally, respectively; i, j. Face, Biesiesfontein and Rondekop, respectively; k, hind wing male, jugum damaged; l, hind wing female; m, tegmina, male; n, tegmina, female.

FIGURE 2a–g. Discolopeus diacaenus n in A new leafhopper genus Discolopeus and nine new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) associated with shrubs, trees and poisonous plants in South Africa

FIGURE 2a–g. Discolopeus diacaenus n.gen. & sp.; male and female genitalia; line drawing. Posterior abdominal apodeme; a. Anterior view; b. Dorsal view; Sternite VII, specimen localities; c. Biesiesfontein; d. Wiedouw; e. Bitterfontein; f. Rondekop; g. Nuwerus.

FIGURE 5a–l. Discolopeus gen.n in A new leafhopper genus Discolopeus and nine new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) associated with shrubs, trees and poisonous plants in South Africa

FIGURE 5a–l. Discolopeus gen.n. species; habitus. D. diacaenus sp.n.; a. Biesiesfontein, male, yellow form; b. Calvinia, male; c. Biesiesfontein, male; d, e. Rondekop, male and female respectively; f. Doring River, male; g. Wiedouw, female; D. lissus sp.n.; h, i. Garies, male and female respectively; D. colopeus sp.n., Biesiesfontein; j, k, l. Female, male, pale form, male, dark form respectively.