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Figure 13 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 13. Left ilium and pubis of Falcarius utahensis: left ilium (UMNH VP 12368) in lateral (A), medial (C), dorsal (D), caudal (B), and cranial (E) views; left pubis (UMNH VP 14539) in lateral (G), medial (H), caudal (I), cranial (J), and distal (K) views; and right pubis (UMNH VP 14540) in proximal view (F). Abbreviations in Appendix. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 19 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 19. Left pes of Falcarius utahensis: second to fourth metatarsals (UMNH VP 12357, 12358 & 12359) in proximal (A) view; second to fourth metatarsals (UMNH VP 12354, 12355 & 12356) in distal (B) view; second metatarsal (UMNH VP 12359) in medial view (C); fourth metatarsal (UMNH VP 12356) in lateral view (D); and left pes (UMNH VP 12354, 12355, 12356, 12353, 12352, 14583, 12350, 12351, 12330, 12336, 12338, 12339, 12340, 12346, 12331, & CEUM 53282 & 52399) in dorsal view (E). Two College of Eastern Utah Museum (CEUM) phalanges (PIII-II and PIV-II) substituted in reconstruction for absent Crystal Geyser Quarry (CGQ) materials. PII-III enlarged image of UMNH VP 12330. Abbreviations in Appendix. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 18 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 18. Tarsal elements of Falcarius utahensis: left astragalus (UMNH VP 12364) in lateral (B) and medial (C) views; left astragalus (UMNH VP 12364) and calcaneum (UMNH VP 12365) in cranial (A), caudal (D), and dorsal (E) views; left calcaneum (UMNH VP 12365) in medial (F) and lateral (G) views; distal tarsal III (UMNH VP 12447) in proximal (H) and distal (I) views; and distal tarsal IV (UMNH VP12451) in proximal (J) and distal (K) views. Abbreviations in Appendix. Scale bar = 3 mm.

Figure 7 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 7. Caudal dorsal vertebrae of Falcarius utahensis (UMNH VP 12440) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), cranial (C), left lateral (D), and caudal (E) views. Abbreviations in Appendix. Scale bar = 3 mm.

Figure 16 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 16. Left tibia of Falcarius utahensis (UMNH VP 12362) in proximal (A), caudal (B), medial (C), cranial (D), caudal (E), and distal (F) views. Abbreviations in Appendix. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 15 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 15. Right femur of Falcarius utahensis: UMNH VP 12361 in proximal (A), cranial (B), medial (C), caudal (D), and lateral (E) views; and UMNH VP 14667 in distal (F) view. Abbreviations in Appendix 1. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 2 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 2. Mandibular elements and dentition of Falcarius utahensis: right dentaries UMNH VP 14529 in lateral (A) and medial (B) views and UMNH VP 14528 in lateral (C) and medial (D) views; right surangular (UMNH VP 16020) in medial (E) and lateral (F) views; left maxillary teeth (UMNH VP 14526) in lingual (H) and labial (I) views; right dentary teeth (UMNH VP 14527) in labial (K) and lingual (L) views; and composite rostral tooth (UMNH VP 16023 & 16021) in lingual view (J). Reconstruction of rostral mandible in dorsal view (G) based on reflection of UMNH VP 14529. Abbreviations in Appendix. Scale bar = 5 mm for mandibular elements and 0.5 mm for teeth (labial view for maxillary teeth, lingual view for dentary teeth). Dorsal view of dentaries not to scale.

Figure 6 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 6. Cranial dorsal vertebrae of Falcarius utahensis UMNH VP 14534 in right ventrolateral view (A); and UMNH VP 14535 in left ventrolateral view (B), showing the complex pneumatic features of the neural arch including accessory centrodiapophyseal laminae and accessory infrapre- and infrapostzygapophyseal fossae. Abbreviations in Appendix. Specimens not to scale.

Figure 9 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 9. Cranial caudal vertebrae of Falcarius utahensis: UMNH VP 12381 in cranial (A), caudal (C), dorsal (E), ventral (H), and left lateral (J) views; UMNH VP 12379 in dorsal (F) and left lateral (K) views; and UMH VP 12385 in cranial (B), caudal (D), dorsal (G), ventral (I), and left lateral (L) views. Abbreviations in Appendix. Scale bar = 3 mm.

Figure 12 in Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Figure 12. Reconstruction of the pelvis of Falcarius utahensis in left lateral view, ilium (UMNH VP 12368), pubis (UMNH VP 14529), and ischium (UMNH VP 14541). Not to scale. Abbreviations in Appendix.

FIGURE 3 in A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China

FIGURE 3. Mandible and postcranial skeleton of the holotype of Ganzhousaurus nankangensis gen. et sp. nov., SDM 20090302. a, lateral side of mandible; b, medial side of mandible; c, line drawing of angular and surangular in lateral view, showing the groove present on the anterior ramus of angular; d, line drawing of dentary in lateral view; e, distal caudal vertebrae; f, anterior view of proximal ends of metatarsals II and III. Abbreviations: an, angular; ara, anterior ramus of angular; c, centrum; d, dentary; dp, depression; dt, distal tarsal; emf, external mandibular fenestra; g, groove; p, pit; pdb, posterodorsal branch of dentary; poz, postzygapophyses; prz, prezygapophyses; pvb, posteroventral branch of dentary; r, ridge; s, splenial; sa, surangular; M – II – III, metatarsal II – III. Scale bar = 2 cm.

FIGURE 2 in A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China

FIGURE 2. Photographs of holotype of Ganzhousaurus nankangensis gen. et sp. nov. (SDM 20090302). a, ventral view of right pes; b, reverse side of block, showing ilium, tibia, right mandible and caudal series. Abbreviations: ca, caudal series; d, dentary; dt, distal tarsal; il, ilium; t, tibia; MI-III, metatarsal I – III. Roman numerals I-IV identify pedal digits, and Arabic numerals 1 - 3 identify phalanges within each digit in order from proximal to distal. Scale bar = 2 cm.

FIGURE 5 in A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China

FIGURE 5. Camera lucida drawings of oviraptorosaur mandibles in lateral view: a, Oviraptor philoceratops; b, Ingenia yanshini; c, Khaan mckennai; d, Citipati osmolskae; e, Nemegtomaia barsboldi; f, Heyuannia huangi; g, Ganzhousaurus nankangensis gen. et sp. nov.; h, Chirostenotes pergracilis; i, cross-section of bar ventral to external mandibular fenestra in Ganzhousaurus nankangensis gen. et sp. nov. (SDM 20090302), located 20 mm posterior to anterior end of angular; j, crosssection of bar ventral to external mandibular fenestra of Chirostenotes pergracilis, located 20 mm posterior to anterior end of angular (after Sternberg 1940); red dashed lines in a and g represent approximate estimated outline of complete mandible; black dashed lines in i and j mark positions of cross-sections. a, d after Clark et al. (2002); b after Barsbold et al. (1990); c after Clark et al. (2001); f after Lü (2005) and h, j after Sternberg (1940) and Currie et al. (1993). Not to scale.

FIGURE 4 in A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus of oviraptorosaur interrelationships. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in 9 most parsimonious trees of 338 steps, each with a consistency index of 0.645 and a retention index of 0.701. Values above nodes represent bootstrap percentages (%), values below nodes represent Bremer support values. Bootstrap values lower than 20 are not shown.

FIGURE 3 in On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America

FIGURE 3. Denticulated carinae in spinosaurids. A, LPUFS 5860 specimen; B, LPUFS 5870 specimen; C, LPUFS 5871 specimen; D, Baryonyx NHMUK PV R.9951 R.278 specimen; E, Suchomimus MNN G73-3 specimen. Scale bar equals 1 mm. Images D and E extracted and modified from Hendrickx et al. (2019; Fig. 15, p. 59).

FIGURE 5 in On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America

FIGURE 5. Results of multivariate analysis (LDA). Graphical result of discriminant analysis (bivariate plot of the first two axes [linear discriminant, LD], which account for 59.6% of the total variance); LPUFS specimens (red stars) are plotted within/ next to the Spinosauridae morphospace (delimited by green convex hulls). For the variables plotted on the graphs, see Table 2. Theropod silhouettes from phylopic.org, see acknowledgements.

FIGURE 2 in On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America

FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina.

FIGURE 4. Seven topologically parsimonious constrained trees retrieved from cladistic analysis using a in On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America

FIGURE 4. Seven topologically parsimonious constrained trees retrieved from cladistic analysis using a dentition-based data matrix (tree length = 1318; CI = 0.198; RI = 0.466), Bremer support is displayed below each node; LPUFS specimens (bold) are recovered within the Spinosauridae clade. Theropod silhouette from phylopic.org, see acknowledgements.

FIGURE 6 in On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America

FIGURE 6. Highlight for the denticulated carina in the specimen LPUFS 5871. Note that the individual denticles are composed of dentin, below the dental enamel. Scale bar equals 0.5 mm. Anatomical abbreviation: de-denticles.

FIGURE 1 in On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America

FIGURE 1. South American map with emphasis on the Canafístula 01 site (UTM DATUM WGS 84, Zone 24 L, 8 857 550 N/739 980 E), Sergipe State, Brazil. Silhouettes exemplify previous findings of this locality. Silhouettes from phylopic.org, see acknowledgements. Map modified from Lacerda et al. (2023).