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Figure 5 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 5. Proximal end of ulna of Alcmonavis poeschli in (A) normal and (B) ultraviolet light. Abbreviations: ha, humeral articulation; ib, impressio brachialis; ri, ridge bordering the impressio brachialis; rt, radial tubercle (cotylus dorsalis). Scale bar is 5 mm. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43789.007

Figure 1 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 1. Geographic and stratigraphic provenance of the new avialan specimen. (A) Map of the southern Franconian Alb with the palaeogeographic settings indicated and showing the localities of theropod specimens from the Solnhofen Archipelago (modified from Foth and Rauhut, 2017). (B) Stratigraphic position of the new specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2017 I 133, within the 'Solnhofen limestones' and in comparison to known specimens of Archaeopteryx (modified from Rauhut et al., 2012). Figure 1 continued on next page

Figure 1 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 14 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 14. Shoulder region and proximal ends of both humeri of Sapeornis (JZT-DB 0047), showing the enlarged and medially inclined facet for the insertion of m. pectoralis (arrows). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43789.018

Figure 12 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 12. Mani of several paravian theropods for comparison with Alcmonavis. (A) Right manus of Velociraptor mongoliensis (IGM 100/982) in plantar view. (B) Left manus of Microraptor gui (IVPP V 13352) in plantar view. (C) Right manus of the Thermopolis specimen of Archaeopteryx in planto-medial view. (D) Left manus of Confuciusornis sanctus (JME 2005/1) in palmar view. (E) Right manus of Alcmonavis poeschli in palmar view. Abbreviations as in Figure 2. Scale bars are 20 mm (A) and 10 mm (B–E). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43789.016

Figure 11 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 11. Comparison of humeral shape in some Mesozoic birds. (A, E) Alcmonavis. (B–D) Archaeopteryx with humeral shape of Alcmonavis shown in grey. (B) Berlin specimen. (C) Solnhofen specimen. (D) Daiting specimen. (F) Jeholornis. (G) Sapeornis. (H) Confuciusornis. (B, C) modified after Wellnhofer, 2008. (F–H) modified after Wang et al., 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43789.015

Figure 10 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 10. Manual phalanges of Alcmonavis poeschli. (A) and (B) Distal ends of metacarpals II and III and proximal phalanges of digits II and III in normal (A) and ultraviolet (B) light. (C) First phalanx of first digit in medial view. (D) Ungual phalanx of digit I in medial view under ultraviolet light. (E) Ungual phalanx of digit II in medial view under ultraviolet light. (F) Ungual phalanx of digit III in lateral view under ultraviolet light. Abbreviations as in Figure 2, and: ft, flexor tubercle; gr, groove; ks, keratinous sheath; lpf, lateropalmar flange; pl, proximal lip. Scale bars are 1 cm. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43789.012

Figure 8 in A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

Figure 8. Manus of Alcmonavis poeschli in (A) normal and (B) ultraviolet light. Abbreviations as in Figures 2 and 4, and: dc, distal carpal. Scale bar is 10 mm. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43789.010

text-fig. 61. Theropod radiations in Laurasia and Gondwana. Column thickness indicates number of taxa. For the Gondwanan columns, some generically indeterminate material has been included for stages for which no generically diagnostic material is known. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 61. Theropod radiations in Laurasia and Gondwana. Column thickness indicates number of taxa. For the Gondwanan columns, some generically indeterminate material has been included for stages for which no generically diagnostic material is known.

text-fig. 57. Diagrams showing the relations between age rank and clade rank and the SRC for pectinate components of the cladogram figured in Text-figure 55 and the total cladogram. Names of the diagrams refer to the terminal taxa to which the pectinate components lead. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 57. Diagrams showing the relations between age rank and clade rank and the SRC for pectinate components of the cladogram figured in Text-figure 55 and the total cladogram. Names of the diagrams refer to the terminal taxa to which the pectinate components lead.

text-fig. 51. Strict consensus tree of several sets of 32766 trees. Tree length is 657 steps, CI 0-417, RI 0-746, and RCI 0-311. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 51. Strict consensus tree of several sets of 32766 trees. Tree length is 657 steps, CI 0-417, RI 0-746, and RCI 0-311.

EX-FIG. 45. Theropod tibiae in distal view, illustrating different states of character 208. a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis', left tibia (reversed); redrawn from Novas (1993). B, Dilophosaurus wetherilli: right tibia; based on UCMP V 6468. c, Piatnitzkysaurus foresi: left tibia (reversed); based on MACN CH 895. D, Rahonavis ostromi: right tibia; based on UA 8656. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; lat, lateral. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-c) x and 5 mm (d). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

EX-FIG. 45. Theropod tibiae in distal view, illustrating different states of character 208. a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis', left tibia (reversed); redrawn from Novas (1993). B, Dilophosaurus wetherilli: right tibia; based on UCMP V 6468. c, Piatnitzkysaurus foresi: left tibia (reversed); based on MACN CH 895. D, Rahonavis ostromi: right tibia; based on UA 8656. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; lat, lateral. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-c) x and 5 mm (d).

text-fig. 46. Segisaurus halli, UCMP V 338; stereophotographs of the left femur, tibia and fibula, illustrating state 1 of character 209. Abbreviations: fe, femur; fib, fibula; tib, tibia. Scale bar represents 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 46. Segisaurus halli, UCMP V 338; stereophotographs of the left femur, tibia and fibula, illustrating state 1 of character 209. Abbreviations: fe, femur; fib, fibula; tib, tibia. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

text-fig. 54. Reduced consensus tree of the pruned data matrix after the deletion of Shuvosaurus, Segisaurus, and Poekilopleuron. Named nodes: 1, Saurischia; 4, Herrerasauridae; 5, Neotheropoda; 6, Coelophysoidea; 8, Coelophysidae; 9, Liliensternus', 12, Ceratosauria; 13, Abelisauroidea; 14, etanurae; 16, Camosauria; 17, Spinosauroidea; 20, Allosauroidea; 24, Coelurosauria; 26, Coeluridae; 27, Compsognathinae; 30, Tyrannosauroidea; 34, Maniraptora; 37, Deinonychosauria. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 54. Reduced consensus tree of the pruned data matrix after the deletion of Shuvosaurus, Segisaurus, and Poekilopleuron. Named nodes: 1, Saurischia; 4, Herrerasauridae; 5, Neotheropoda; 6, Coelophysoidea; 8, Coelophysidae; 9, Liliensternus', 12, Ceratosauria; 13, Abelisauroidea; 14, etanurae; 16, Camosauria; 17, Spinosauroidea; 20, Allosauroidea; 24, Coelurosauria; 26, Coeluridae; 27, Compsognathinae; 30, Tyrannosauroidea; 34, Maniraptora; 37, Deinonychosauria.

text-fig. 43. Right theropod tibiae in proximal yiew, illustrating states for characters 204 and 205. a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli; based on UCMP V 4214. B, Allosaurus fragilis; based on AMNH 680. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; cc, cnemial crest; fc, fibular condyle; lat, lateral. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 43. Right theropod tibiae in proximal yiew, illustrating states for characters 204 and 205. a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli; based on UCMP V 4214. B, Allosaurus fragilis; based on AMNH 680. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; cc, cnemial crest; fc, fibular condyle; lat, lateral. Scale bars represent 10 mm.

text-fig. 40. Left theropod ilia in ventral view, illustrating the differences in the development of the brevis fossa (character 176). a, Sinraptor dongi; redrawn from Currie and Zhao (1993b). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis; based on QG 1. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pp, pubic peduncle; sac, supraacetabular crest. Scale bars represent 100 mm (a) and 10 mm (b). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 40. Left theropod ilia in ventral view, illustrating the differences in the development of the brevis fossa (character 176). a, Sinraptor dongi; redrawn from Currie and Zhao (1993b). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis; based on QG 1. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pp, pubic peduncle; sac, supraacetabular crest. Scale bars represent 100 mm (a) and 10 mm (b).

text-fig. 39. Theropod pelves in left lateral view, illustrating several pelvic characters, a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn (reversed) from Novas (1993). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis; based on QG 1, QG 691, and Raath (1990). c, Allosaurus fragilis; modified from Molnar et al. (1990). D, generalized tyrannosaurid; based on Osborn (1916) and ROM 807. E, Segnosaurus galbinensis', redrawn from Barsbold and Maryanska (1990). F, Rahonavis ostromi', based on UA 8656. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; bs, brevis shelf; il, ilium; ir, iliac ridge; is, ischium; of, obturator foramen; op, obturator process; pf, pubic fenestra; pip, posterior ischial process; pu, pubis. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-b), 100 mm (c-e), and 10 mm (f). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 39. Theropod pelves in left lateral view, illustrating several pelvic characters, a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn (reversed) from Novas (1993). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis; based on QG 1, QG 691, and Raath (1990). c, Allosaurus fragilis; modified from Molnar et al. (1990). D, generalized tyrannosaurid; based on Osborn (1916) and ROM 807. E, Segnosaurus galbinensis', redrawn from Barsbold and Maryanska (1990). F, Rahonavis ostromi', based on UA 8656. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; bs, brevis shelf; il, ilium; ir, iliac ridge; is, ischium; of, obturator foramen; op, obturator process; pf, pubic fenestra; pip, posterior ischial process; pu, pubis. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-b), 100 mm (c-e), and 10 mm (f).

text-fig. 38. Manual ungual II of two theropod dinosaurs in lateral view, illustrating states for characters 162 and 163. a, Allosaurus fragilis; MOR 693. B, Saurornitholestes längstem; MOR 660. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 38. Manual ungual II of two theropod dinosaurs in lateral view, illustrating states for characters 162 and 163. a, Allosaurus fragilis; MOR 693. B, Saurornitholestes längstem; MOR 660. Scale bars represent 10 mm.

text-fig. 48. Saurornitholestes langstoni; TMP 88.121.39; fibula, lateral view, showing state 1 for characters 211 and 212. Scale bar represents 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 48. Saurornitholestes langstoni; TMP 88.121.39; fibula, lateral view, showing state 1 for characters 211 and 212. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

text-fig. 36. Theropod mani in dorsal view, illustrating several manual characters, a, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, left manus; UCMP V 4214. B, Allosaurus fragilis', right manus; MOR 693. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 36. Theropod mani in dorsal view, illustrating several manual characters, a, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, left manus; UCMP V 4214. B, Allosaurus fragilis', right manus; MOR 693. Scale bars represent 10 mm.