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Fig. 3 in A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data

Fig. 3 Lateral view of the head of specimens. a CES17213 (wet zone I. braminus), b CES151013 (dry zone I. braminus), c CES16711 (I. pammeces). R= rostral, PN = pre-nasal, NA = nasal, PO = pre-ocular, SL 1–4 = Supralabial scales 1–4

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Fig. 9 in A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data

Fig. 9 Coalescent species tree built using seven nuclear markers (AMEL, BDNF, CMOS, CAND1, NT3, RAG1, and ZEB2) in *BEAST. The nodes with posterior probability≥ 0.8 are indicated with a solid black circle

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Fig. 6 in A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data

Fig. 6 Bayesian assignment of the 25 individuals to three populations based on the, using STRUCTURE. The individual ids are indicated below each bar, and the y-axis is the posterior probability. The three putative species are indicated below the individual ids

FIGURE 11. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Different growth habits. A Plant with single stem branching from below with long inflorescences and elliptical leaves. B Smaller plant branching from the base with ovate leaves. C in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 11. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Different growth habits. A Plant with single stem branching from below with long inflorescences and elliptical leaves. B Smaller plant branching from the base with ovate leaves. C Specimen with single stem, terminal and young, still more or less congested inflorescence and very narrow leaves (A M. Weigend 9169; B. Miyamoto et al. 20210115; C Lowndes 1-082).

FIGURE 10 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 10. Cynoglossum microglochin Royle ex Bentham. Part of inflorescences branch with the typical large and petiolate leaves and large flowers (O. Polunin 56/248).

FIGURE 9. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. A–C in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 9. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. A–C Typical habit with lanceolate leaves and minute flowers and fruits and densely branching inflorescences (A, C M. Weigend 9198; B L.H.J. Williams 1049).

FIGURE 8 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 8. Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. ex Roxb. A two different inflorescence branches from secondary growth, showing the sessile cauline leaves. B Petiolate rosette leaf from first year and sessile, cauline leaf from basal part of inflorescence. FALSCHE AUFLÖSUNG von C. D typical "furcate", ebracteose inflorescence in early fruit (A. Gröger et al. 226-1).

FIGURE 7. Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm. A in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 7. Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm. A, inflorescence with typical sessile, ovate cauline leaves and large flowers. B infructescence. C indistinctly petiolate rosette leaf and sessile stem leaf, D young plant with typical petiolate leaves and tap-root (M. Weigend 9115).

FIGURE 6. Cynoglossum wallichii G in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 6. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Fruit development and variability in details of fruit morphology within a single inflorescence (M. Weigend 9169).

FIGURE 4 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 4. Variability of fruit morphological detail types of nutlets and glochidia of Cynoglossum wallichii: A–C nutlet with disc glochidia on central keel and marginal ones forming a distinct wing (M. Weigend 9169). D–F nutlet with long and short disc glochidia and marginal ones forming a narrow wing (Stainton et al. 6483). G–I nutlet with only few disc glochidia and marginal ones with thickened base (R.E. Cooper 955). J–L nutlet with only less glochidia in centre and marginal ones confluent forming a prominent wing (M. Suzuki et al. 9160070). M–O nutlet with few glochidia in centre and marginal ones with thickened base (M. Minaki et al. 9105152).

FIGURE 5 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 5. Flowers and indument of Cynoglossum: A, B flowers of C. amabile (M. Weigend 9115). C–E flower of C. furcatum with prominent faucal scales and imbricated corolla surface (A. Gröger et al. 226-1). F–H flower of C. wallichii with prominent faucal scales (M. Weigend 9169). I–J stem indument of C. wallichii with half-spreading hair (M. Weigend 9169).

FIGURE 3 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 3. Fruits, nutlets and glochidia of Cynoglossum: A–C densely glochidiate nutlet of C. amabile with marginal glochidia slightly confluent forming a crest (M. Weigend 9115). D–F densely glochidiate nutlets of C. furcatum with disc glochidia in regular formation (A. Gröger et al. 226-1) G–I glochidiate nutlet of C. lanceolatum with slender and long glochidia (M. Weigend 9198). J–L less glochidiate nutlet of C. nervosum with marginal glochidia confluent and forming an erect "wing" (J.F. Duthie 5803).

FIGURE 2 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 2. Abaxial leaf indument of Cynoglossum (leaf apex to the left): A, B densely pubescent leaf surface of C. amabile with denser hair cover on veins (F. Ludlow et al. 4658). C, D densely pubescent leaf surface of C. furcatum with appressed hair cover, orientated towards leaf base (A. Gröger et al. 226-1). E, F densely pubescent leaf surface of C. lanceolatum with denser hair cover on leaf veins (L.H.J. Williams 1049). G, H densely pubescent leaf surface of C. microglochin with denser hair cover on leaf veins (J.F. Duthie 5803). I, J sparsely pubescent leaf surface of C. wallichii with multi-cellular hair bases and spreading hair (Botanische Gärten Bonn).

FIGURE 1 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species

FIGURE 1. Adaxial leaf indument of Cynoglossum (leaf apex to the left): A, B C. amabile, smooth trichomes with unicellular, bulbous bases (F. Ludlow et al. 4658). C, D C. furcatum, scabrid trichomes with multicellular bases (A. Gröger et al. 226-1). E, F C. lanceolatum, trichomes with multicellular bases (L.H.J. Williams 1049). G, H C. microglochin, sparse, appressed indument, trichomes with multicellular bases (J.F. Duthie 5803). I, J C. wallichii, sparsely pubescent leaf surface, trichomes spreading, with multi-cellular hair bases (M. Weigend 9169).

opennotspecifiedSep 2017View details →

FIGURE 1 in Combining morphology and population genetic analysis uncover species delimitation in the widespread African tree genus Santiria (Burseraceae)

FIGURE 1. Genetic clusters (GC) detected in Santiria samples from western Central Africa. Bayesian clustering analyses were performed on 479 individuals genotyped at 10 microsatellites loci. A. Variation in means of Ln (likelihood) of the data as a function of the number of hypothetical genetic clusters (K), showing a plateau at K=3. B. Histogram of genetic assignment of the 481 individuals at K = 3. C. Distribution of the three genetic clusters in western Central Africa, and delimitation of the distribution of each genetic cluster (dotted line: GC1, solid line: GC2, dashed line: GC3). We extended the distribution ranges of GC2 and GC3 because morphotypes of both genetic clusters were observed in the south of the Republic of the Congo. Note: Interm. GCx and GCy = intermediate individuals between GCx and GCy.

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FIGURE 2 in Combining morphology and population genetic analysis uncover species delimitation in the widespread African tree genus Santiria (Burseraceae)

FIGURE 2. Extended Principal Component Analysis (the Hill-Smith ordination) of quantitative and qualitative traits assessed in 103 Santiria herbarium samples assigned to GC1 (N = 46, open circles), GC2 (N = 21, stars) and GC3 (N = 36, open triangles). Note: NL = number of leaflets per leaf; LL = length of leaves; LP = length of petiole; WP = width of petiole; LP/WP = ratio between LP and WP; TPeL = terminal petiolule length; TLL = terminal leaflet length; TLW = terminal leaflet width; TLL/TLW = ratio between TLL and TLW; TLWe = terminal leaflet weight dry portion; AL = apex length; GD = glandular dots; Le = lenticels.

FIG. 4 in Undescribed Diversity in a Widespread, Common Group of Asian Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae: Hypsiscopus)

FIG. 4. Populations of Hypsiscopus murphyi in Indochina with sampling localities (points). Mitochondrial phylogenetic tree shown on right; filled node circles represent strong support; number of individuals for the respective clade are given to the left of the tree. Inset plot shows results of the Mantel test (IBD scenario); histogram on top shows the original values of the observed data (diamond) outside of the gray bars that represent the absence of spatial structure. Major lakes and rivers/tributaries (blue) are labeled on map. Light and dark gray areas on map depict higher and lower elevation, respectively. See Data Accessibility for tree file.

FIG. 3 in Undescribed Diversity in a Widespread, Common Group of Asian Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae: Hypsiscopus)

FIG. 3. Morphological characters and variation of Hypsiscopus murphyi. (A–D) Holotype of H. murphyi (NCSM 85490) in preservative showing dorsal (A), ventral (B), and right lateral head (C) views, and hemipenes (D). Black scale bars represent 1 cm in panels A and B, and 2 mm in panels C and D. (E) Close-up of rear-fang of H. murphyi (AMNH R-33908). (F) Variation in melanin pigmentation of the infralabials and anterior chin shields: slightly pigmented (left; NCSM 85490) and heavily pigmented (right; ROM 32374). (G) Left two images, variation in dorsal-to-ventral color patten change: sharp (NCSM 85490) and gradual (ROM 30818). Right two images, variation in ventral color pattern: immaculate (NCSM 85490) and mid-ventral halfmoons (ROM 30818). (H) Variation in extent of mid-ventral caudal stripe, with stripe beginning on second subcaudal pair (AMNH R-33908) rather than the 13th subcaudal pair in the holotype (NCSM 85490; panel B).

FIG. 2 in Undescribed Diversity in a Widespread, Common Group of Asian Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae: Hypsiscopus)

FIG. 2. Phylogeny and quantitative statistics of Hypsiscopus. (A) Principal coordinates analysis of H. murphyi (blue) and H. plumbea (green); nonstandardized (left) and standardized (right) runs are shown. Both X- and Y-axes represent PC1 and PC2, respectively. (B) Isolation by distance (IBD) plot showing specimen points for H. murphyi and H. plumbea in separate plots, which comprise the gray points in the larger chart. The blue-green points at the top of the larger chart represent interspecific comparisons of H. murphyi and H. plumbea. (C) Concatenated (phased nuclearþmitochondrial) phylogeny of all specimens of Hypsiscopus used in this study. Circles at nodes represent support values: left side ¼ SHalrt, right side ¼ UF bootstraps. Black halves of a circle indicate high support for the respective support value at that node. See Data Accessibility for tree file. Photo credit of live H. murphyi holotype (NCSM 85490): BLS.

FIG. 1 in Undescribed Diversity in a Widespread, Common Group of Asian Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae: Hypsiscopus)

FIG. 1. Distribution map of Hypsiscopus. Shaded regions and points represent known ranges as of this study and sampling localities, respectively. Stars show type localities; note: type locality for H. plumbea is 'Java'; central coordinate given.