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Fig. 2. Microdrile oligochaete PIN 5640 in A probable oligochaete from an Early Triassic Lagerstätte of the southern Cis-Urals and its evolutionary implications

Fig. 2. Microdrile oligochaete PIN 5640/212 (A) from Petropavlovka Formation, Olenekian (Lower Triassic), Petropavlovka III section, Russia and extant Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (B) from Khripan' River, Moscow region, Russia. A. Photograph under polarised light (A1) and SEM image depicting main features of the specimen (А2): general outlines (continuous line), W-shaped depression (long dashed line), prominent annuli (dashed line), dissepiments (dotted line), and post-mortem fractures (dash-and-dot line). B. SEM image. Dissepiments (asterisks), segments are numbered, depression in posterior part of genital region (arrow).

Fig. 8 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 8. Bivariate graph plotting the footprint length/footprint width ratio against the mesaxony (AT) of the studied tracks (bolded) compared with the ichnotaxa Anomoepus, Neoanomoepus, Dinehichnus, and Iguanodontipus (data from Lockley 2009). Outline drawings not to scale. For simplicity the acronym ICNO.# was used instead of SHN.(JJS).ICON.#.

Fig. 1 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 1. Geographical and geological setting of the outcrops where the studied footprints were collected. A. Map of the Iberian Peninsula showing the location of the Lusitanian Basin. B. Structural setting of the Late Jurassic sub-basins in the western and central sector of the Lusitanian Basin (modified after Taylor et al. 2014). C. Geological map of the western and central sector of the Lusitanian Basin showing the localities where the described specimens were collected (adapted from Oertel et al. 1960; Oliveira et al. 1992). D. Stratigraphic correlation of Upper Jurassic units of the Consolação and Turcifal sub-basins. Abbreviations: L-C, Caldas da Rainha; TV-M, Torres Vedras-Montejunto; U, Upper.

Fig. 7 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 7. Photographs, false-colour depth maps of the tracks of low morphological quality (MP <2) of Ornithopoda indet. tracks, Portugal, Sobral Formation, upper Kimmeridgian–lower Tithonian (A–D), Freixial Formation, middle–upper Tithonian (E–K), and Alcobaça Formation, Kimmeridgian–lower Tithonian (L) A. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.21, Praia Azul. B. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.87, Praia Azul. C. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.97, Praia Azul. D. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.106, Foz do Rio Sizandro. E. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.71, Porto Chão, Cambelas. F. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.78C, Porto Chão, Cambelas. G. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.78E, Porto Chão, Cambelas. H. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.80, Cambelas Sul. I. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.99, Cambelas. J. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.101, Cambelas. K. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.112, Pedra da Ulsa Norte. L. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.121, Boavista do Bouro. Scale bars D–H, J, 10 cm; I, K, 15 cm; A–C, L, 20 cm.

Fig. 6 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 6. Photographs, false-colour depth maps of the tracks of low morphological quality (MP <2) of Ornithopoda indet. tracks, Portugal, Praia de AmoreiraPorto Novo Formation, upper Kimmeridgian (A–D),?Sobral Formation, upper Kimmeridgian–lower Tithonian (E), Alcobaça Formation, Kimmeridgian– lower Tithonian (?F, G–T) A. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.11, Foz Arelho. B. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.43, Praia da Vermelha. C. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.46, Foz Arelho. D. SHN. JJS).ICNO.83, Peralta Sul. E. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.89, Paimogo Sul. F. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.100, Salir do Porto. G. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.02, Boavista do Bouro. H. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.09, Serra do Bouro. I. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.53, Serra do Bouro. J. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.72A, Serra do Bouro. K. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.76, Serra do Bouro. L. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.81, Serra do Bouro. M. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.93, Serra do Bouro. N. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.94, Serra do Bouro. O. SHN.(JJS). ICNO.102, Vale Perdido, Serra do Bouro. P. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.105A, Serra do Bouro. Q. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.105B, Serra do Bouro. Note the three footprints ICNO.105B.1 (bottom left), ICNO.105B.2 (top) and ICNO.105B.3 (bottom left). R. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.105D, Serra do Bouro. S. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.105E, Serra do Bouro. T. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.120, Serra do Bouro. Scale bars O, 5 cm; A, B, D, G–I, L–N, P, R–T, 10 cm; C, E, F, J, K, Q, 15 cm.

Fig. 3 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 3. Photographs, false-colour depth maps, and outline drawing of the tracks of high morphological quality (MP = 2) that belong to the Dinehichnus isp. morphotype. Portugal, Alcobaça Formation, Kimmeridgian–lower Tithonian (A, B,?D, E) and Freixial Formation, middle–upper Tithonian C). A. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.58, Serra do Bouro. B. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.60, Boavista do Bouro. C. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.68, Pedra da Ulsa. D. SHN.(JJS). ICNO.109, Salir do Porto. E. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.113, Serra do Bouro. Scale bars: A, B, 10 cm; C–E, 15 cm.

Fig. 5 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 5. Photographs, false-colour depth maps and outline drawing of the tracks of high morphological quality (MP = 2) that belong to the Anomoepus? isp. morphotype. Portugal, Alcobaça Formation, Kimmeridgian– lower Tithonian (A–C) and Praia de Amoreira-Porto Novo Formation, upper Kimmeridgian (D). A. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.34A (left) considered Anomoepus? isp. and SHN.(JJS).ICNO.34B, (right) considered Ornithopoda indet., Boavista do Bouro. B. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.37, Boavista do Bouro. C. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.105C, Serra do Bouro. D. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.18A (top) and SHN.(JJS).ICNO.18B (bottom), Praia da Corva. Scale bars 10 cm.

Fig. 2 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 2. Photographs, false-colour depth maps, and outline drawing of the tracks of high morphological quality (MP = 2) that belong to the Iguanodontipodidae indet. morphotype. Portugal, Praia de Amoreira-Porto Novo Formation, upper Kimmeridgian (A, B) and Sobral Formation, upper Kimmeridgian–lower Tithonian (C–E). A. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.03, Valmitão Norte. Note that the track still preserves part of the infill. B. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.54, Valmitão Sul. C. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.48, Praia Azul. D. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.75, Foz Do Rio Sizandro. Note that the track has been painted and the real morphology is not exactly the same as the drawing. E. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.110, Foz Do Rio Sizandro. Scale bars E, 15 cm; A–C, 20 cm; D, 25 cm.

Fig. 4 in Tracking Late Jurassic ornithopods in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal: Ichnotaxonomic implications

Fig. 4. Photographs, false-colour depth maps and outline drawing of the tracks of high morphological quality (MP = 2) that belong to the Anomoepus? isp. morphotype, Portugal, Alcobaça Formation, Kimmeridgian– lower Tithonian (A, B), Praia de Amoreira-Porto Novo Formation, upper Kimmeridgian (C), and Freixial Formation, middle–upper Tithonian (D). A. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.29, Serra do Bouro. Note the possible manus track. B. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.56, Boavista do Bouro. C. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.103, Santa Rita, Foz Velha. D. SHN.(JJS).ICNO.74, Cambelas Sul. Scale bars 10 cm.

Fig. 3 in A new early Pliocene murine rodent from the Iberian Peninsula and its biostratigraphic implications

Fig. 3. Upper and lower dentition of the murid rodent Paraethomys baeticus sp. nov. from Baza-1, early Pliocene, Guadix-Baza Basin, Spain, in occlusal view. A. BA1-2001-R7/2, left M1 (holotype). B. BA1-2001-R7/5, right M1. C. BA1-2001-R7/16, right M1. D. BA1-2001-R7/22, right M2. E. BA1-2001-R7/24, right M2. F. BA1-2001-R7/25, right M2. G. BA1-2001-R8/20, right M3. H. BA1-2001-R8/17, left M3. I. BA1-2001-R7/32, right m1. J. BA1-2001-R8/12, left m3. K. BA1-2001-R7/62, right m2. L. BA1-2001-R7/43, left m1. M. BA1-2001-R7/73, right m2. N. BA1-2001-R7/78, right m2. O. BA1-2001-R8/3, right m3. P. BA1-2001-R7/48, right m1.

Fig. 2 in A new early Pliocene murine rodent from the Iberian Peninsula and its biostratigraphic implications

Fig. 2. Nomenclature used in the descriptions of dental elements (modified from Van de Weerd 1976; López-Antoñanzas et al. 2019) and measuring methods (Martín-Suárez and Freudenthal 1993). Length (L) and width (W) are measured as the smallest circumscribed rectangle with sides parallel and perpendicular to the reference line (indicated by triangles). A. Upper dentition (M1–M3): 1–12, tubercle (1–12); 1, anterostyle; 2, lingual anterocone; 1bis, 2bis, accessory cusps; 3, labial anterocone; 4, enterostyle; 5, protocone; 6, paracone; 7, posterostyle; 8, hypocone; 9, metacone; 12, posterior cingulum. B. Lower dentition (m1–m3): a, medial anteroconid (= tma); b, labial anteroconid; c, lingual anteroconid; d, protoconid; e, metaconid; f, hypoconid; g, entoconid; h, posterior cingulum; i, longitudinal spur; j, posterior accessory cuspid; k, accessory cuspids on the labial cingulum; l, posterior complex.

Fig. 1 in A new early Pliocene murine rodent from the Iberian Peninsula and its biostratigraphic implications

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Iberian Peninsula, indicating the location of the sites where Paraethomys baeticus sp. nov. has been reported. The main Neogene and Quaternary basins referred to in the text are also shown. Abbreviations: ABS, Alcoi Barranc Sud (Mansino et al. 2015a); AC, Alcoi Cristian (Mansino et al. 2015a); AL, Alcoy (Mansino et al. 2013); Bz, Baza (Piñero et al. 2017a); CEL, Celadas (Adrover et al. 1993); CLC, Calicasas (García-Alix et al. 2008a); Go, Gorafe (De Bruijn 1974; Agustí and Martín-Suárez 1984; Ruiz Bustos et al. 1984; MartínSuárez 1988); LB, La Bullana (Mansino et al. 2015b); LG, La Gloria (Adrover et al. 1993); PUR, Purcal (García-Alix et al. 2008a); SIF-P, Sifón Pista (Piñero and Agustí 2019).

Fig. 5 in A new early Pliocene murine rodent from the Iberian Peninsula and its biostratigraphic implications

Fig. 5. Biostratigraphic distribution and evolution of the European Paraethomys species, showing their chronological ranges. The localities marked with an asterisk are calibrated with paleomagnetic data (Opdyke et al. 1997; Martín-Suárez et al. 1998, 2000; Oms et al. 1999; Gibert et al. 2013; Garcés et al. 1998, 2001; Hüsing et al. 2010; Mansino et al. 2015b; Piñero et al. 2017b, 2018). The sites with two species of Paraethomys in coexistence are in bold. Abbreviations: AC, Alcoi Cristian; ATNTS, Astronomically Tuned Neogene Time Scale; CEL, Celadas; CLC, Calicasas ELMA, European Land Mammal Ages; LG, La Gloria (Adrover et al. 1993); M., Mimomys; MN, Mammal Neogene; P., Paraethomys; PUR, Purcal; VAR, Villalba Alta Río.

Fig. 4 in A new early Pliocene murine rodent from the Iberian Peninsula and its biostratigraphic implications

Fig. 4. Ranges of size variation (in mm) in the upper (M1–M3) and lower (m1–m3) teeth of Paraethomys baeticus sp. nov. from Baza-1 (type locality; this paper), Paraethomys jaegeri from Gorafe-2 (type locality; Montenat and De Bruijn 1976), Paraethomys abaigari from Villalba Alta Río (type locality) and La Judería (Adrover et al. 1988), Paraethomys meini from Sète (type locality; Michaux 1969; Adrover 1986) and Sifón-61 (Piñero and Agustí 2019), Paraethomys belmezensis from Bélmez-1 (type locality; Castillo Ruiz 1992), and Paraethomys balearicus from Na Burguesa-1 (type locality; TorresRoig et al. 2019). Mean sizes are marked by symbols inside the boxes.

Fig. 3 in Seed morphology of the paleotropical tribe Paropsieae (Passifloraceae, Malpighiales), and paleobotanical implications

Fig. 3. Seeds of the genus Barteria Hook.f. A–D. Barteria dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand (Guignonis 1938; P04772304) seed. E–H. Barteria dewevrei second seed. I–L. Barteria fistulosa Mast. (H. JacquesFélix 4802; P04772344). M–P. Barteria nigritana Hook.f. (A. Walker s.n.; P04772081). A, E, I, M. Face view. B, F, J, N. Side view. C, G, K, O. Second face view. D, H, L, P. Basal view. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 1 in Seed morphology of the paleotropical tribe Paropsieae (Passifloraceae, Malpighiales), and paleobotanical implications

Fig. 1. Cross-sections of seeds from each genus. A. Androsiphonia adenostegia Stapf (P04772168). B. Barteria fistulosa Mast. (P04772344). C. Paropsia edulis Thouars (P04767996). D. Paropsiopsis decandra (Baill.) Sleumer (P04772112). E. Smeathmannia pubescens Sol. ex R.Br. (P04772722). F. Seed coat of Barteria fistulosa (P04772344). Scale bars: A = 1.5 mm; B–D = 1 mm; E = 0.8 mm; F = 1.1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Seed morphology of the paleotropical tribe Paropsieae (Passifloraceae, Malpighiales), and paleobotanical implications

Fig. 5. Seeds of the genus Paropsia Noronha ex Thouars. A–D. Paropsia humblotii H.Perrier (Ragauaparany 8040; P04766828). E–H. Paropsia madagascariensis H.Perrier (R. Bernard 120; P04766852). I–L. Paropsia obscura O.Hoffm (Madiomanana et al. 108; P05470672). M–P. Paropsia vareciformis (Griff.) Mast. (H. Schaller & L.E. Teo 3826; P05538484). A, E, I, M. Face view. B, F, J, N. Side view. C, G, K, O. Second face view. D, H, L, P. Basal view. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Seed morphology of the paleotropical tribe Paropsieae (Passifloraceae, Malpighiales), and paleobotanical implications

Fig. 2. Seeds of Androsiphonia adenostegia Stapf. A–D. From specimen A.J.B. Chevalier 17461 (P04772166). E–H. From specimen A.J.B. Chevalier 21194 (P04772168). A, E. Face view. B, F. Side view. C, G. Second face view. D, H. Basal view. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 4 in Seed morphology of the paleotropical tribe Paropsieae (Passifloraceae, Malpighiales), and paleobotanical implications

Fig. 4. Seeds of the genus Paropsia Noronha ex Thouars. A–D. Paropsia brazzaeana Braill. (E. Dekindt 564; P04772425). E–H. Paropsia edulis Thouars (G. Cours 3424; P04767996). I–L. Paropsia grewioides Welw. ex Mast. (R. Letouzey 5589; P04772193). M–P. Paropsia grandiflora Sleumer (H. Humbert 32553; P04767592). A, E, I, M. Face view. B, F, J, N. Side view. C, G, K, O. Second face view. D, H, L, P. Basal view. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 6 in Seed morphology of the paleotropical tribe Paropsieae (Passifloraceae, Malpighiales), and paleobotanical implications

Fig. 6. Seeds of the genera Paropsiopsis Engl. and Smeathmannia R.Br. A–D. Paropsiopsis decandra (Baill.) Sleumer (T.J. Klaine 194; P04772112). E–H. Smeathmannia laevigata Sol. ex R.Br. (Heudelot 655; P04772782). I–L. Smeathmannia pubescens Sol. ex R.Br. (A.J.B. Chevalier 17306; P04772722). A, E, I. Face view. B, F, J. Side view. C, G, K. Second face view. D, H, L. Basal view. Scale bar = 5 mm. Arrow: mucro.