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opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data from: Legacy effects in temporally-separated tadpole species are not mediated by invasive Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)

Temporally separated species are often thought to have limited competition over a shared resource. However, early arriving species may consume a limited resource such that later arriving species have access to fewer resources and thus experience competitive effects, even if they are temporally separated (i.e., they experience legacy effects from the early species). The presence of a predator might affect potential legacy effects by influencing the behavior or survivorship of the early species. Using a mesocosm experiment, I examined whether the presence of non-native Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) mediated legacy effects in the interaction of two temporally separated species of tadpoles, early arriving American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus) and late arriving Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Anaxyrus americanus tadpoles reduced R. catesbeiana tadpole growth despite all A. americanus tadpoles metamorphosing 8 d before the introduction of R. catesbeiana tadpoles into the mesocosms (i.e., legacy effects). Gambusia affinis had limited effects on A. americanus (1 d delay in metamorphosis but no effect on survivorship or size at metamorphosis) and positive effects on R. catesbeiana (increased growth). There were no significant interactions between the A. americanus tadpole density and G. affinis treatments. In conclusion, I found evidence of significant legacy effects of A. americanus tadpoles on R. catesbeiana tadpoles, but no evidence that G. affinis mediated the legacy effects.

FIG. 5 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal

FIG. 5. Variation in lymphocytes (A) and large leukocytes (B) across months in Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, collected from the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, from April–October 2018. Asterisks indicate statistical significance, as lymphocytes were lower in May relative to September (P, 0.05) and large leukocytes were higher in May relative to September (P, 0.05).

FIG. 3 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal

FIG. 3. Leukocyte types observed in Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Lithium-heparinized blood was collected from Silver Carp in the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, between April–October 2018. Peripheral blood smears were stained with Diff-Quick and are shown at 100X oil objective on a brightfield microscope. Large arrows (A and B): large leukocyte. Small arrows (B and C): small granulocyte. Black arrowhead (C): lymphocyte. Clear arrowhead (C): thrombocyte.

FIG. 2 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal

FIG. 2. Cranial kidney melanomacrophage centers (MMC) in Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Cranial kidney tissues were sampled from Silver Carp in the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, between June–October 2018, and stained with hematoxylin þ eosin for software-assisted calculation of total area of MMCs on individual sections. (A) 2.5X Nanozoomer; (B) 40X Nanozoomer; (C) 100X oil objective, brightfield microscope.

FIG. 1 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal

FIG. 1. Map of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA. The two reaches sampled in this study were the La Grange reach and the Starved Rock reach between April–October 2018.

FIG. 4 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal

FIG. 4. Length–weight regression and residuals of Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, caught from the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, between April–October 2018. (A) Relationship between total length (mm) and mass (kg) in Silver Carp, determined by linear regression. White squares: La Grange Silver Carp. Black circles: Starved Rock Silver Carp. (B) Length–weight residuals were compared between Silver Carp from the La Grange Reach (white box) and the Starved Rock Reach (black box). Asterisks indicate statistical significance, as Silver Carp from the Starved Rock Reach had higher residuals than Silver Carp from La Grange (P, 0.001).

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Prediction of current and future suitable habitats for three invasive freshwater fish species (Lepomis gibbosus, Perccottus glenii and Pseudorasbora parva) in Europe

Climate change can have a significant impact on the earth's ecosystems. Invasive species will respond to climate change, and their responses will have ecological and economic implications. Habitat suitability models (HSMs) are one of the most important tools currently available to assess the potential impacts of climate change on species. Projections of models of suitable conditions for species, built using Maxent based on the occurrence throughout the range (native and invasive), on the current climate of Europe and on the forecast climate data for the 2050s and 2070s under the SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios are present here.

FIGURES 11–16 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 11–16. Illustrations of invasive species of Caenoplanini found in Mexico: dorsal (11) and ventral (12) aspect of Caenoplana coerulea; dorsal (13) and ventral (14) aspect of Endeavouria septemlineata; dorsal (15) and ventral (16) aspect of Parakontikia ventrolineata.

FIGURES 5–6 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 5–6. External aspect of Geoplana multipunctata: photograph of the dorsal (5) and ventral (6) sides of G. multipunctata sensu Fuhrmann (1914) (fig. 25 of plate XVI of Fuhrman [1914]; (7) lateral aspect of G. multipunctata sensu Hyman (1938) showing distribution of the eyes and aspect of a monolobate (bottom left) and trilobate eye (bottom center) (fig. 1 of Hyman [1938], redrawn). Scales not available.

FIGURES 17–25 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 17–25. Illustrations of invasive species of Rhynchodemini found in Mexico: (17) dorsal aspect of Dolichoplana carvalhoi with a dorsal pattern of five stripes; (18) dorsal aspect of D. carvalhoi and Dolichoplana striata with a dorsal pattern of six stripes; (19) detail of the dorsal aspect with six stripes; (20) detail of the dorsal aspect with a pattern of four stripes found in some specimens of D. striata; (21) detail of the dorsal aspect with five stripes; (22) detail of the ventral aspect of D. striata and D. carvalhoi with six dorsal stripes; (23) detail of the ventral aspect of D. carvalhoi with five dorsal stripes; dorsal (24) and ventral (25) aspect of Rhynchodemus sylvaticus. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURES 1–4 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 1–4. Illustrations of invasive species of Bipaliinae found in Mexico: dorsal (1) and ventral (2) aspect of Bipalium kewense; dorsal (3) and ventral (3) aspect of Bipalium vagum. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURE 10 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURE 10. Diporodemus yucatani. Redrawn from Hyman (1938), dorsal aspect of specimen. Scales not available.

FIGURES 8–9 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 8–9. Pseudogeoplana nigrofusca sensu von Graff (1899a, 1899b): (8) illustration of the dorsal aspect of a living specimen (fig. 1 of plate II of von Graff [1899b]); (9) illustration of the dorsal aspect of a fixed specimen missing a piece of integument (fig. 2 of plate II of von Graff [1899b]). Scales not available.

FIGURE 26 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURE 26. Map of Mexico pointing the iNaturalist records of the invasive terrestrial flatworms, excluding hammerhead flatworms (for those see de Luna et al. 2022): Caenoplana coerulea (blue circle), Dolichoplana carvalhoi (red hexagon), Dolichoplana striata (yellow hexagons), Endevouria septemlineata (orange squares), Parakontikia ventrolineata (green triangles), and Rhynchodemus sylvaticus (pink hexagon).

FIGURES 27–35 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 27–35: Visual guide to the key to subfamilies and tribes of North American terrestrial flatworms: (27) laterally expanded head of Bipaliinae; (28) inconspicuous head of most other groups; (29) specimen of Microplaninae with transverse striae; (30) aspect of the head of species with two eyes; (31) aspect of the head of species with multiple eyes; schemes of the cutaneous muscles as seen in transverse sections, with longitudinal muscles simple (32) or arranged into bundles (33); schemes showing the dorsal (34) or ventral (35) position of the testes as seen in transverse sections, with the intestine (dashed outline) as reference.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Contrasting mycorrhizal growth responses in native and invasive woody species are associated with distinct root trait syndromes

<ol> <li>Invasive plant species often express resource-acquisitive leaf traits that support rapid growth, but associated fine root traits and the role of microbial mutualists in invader whole-plant functioning remains poorly understood.</li> <li>We performed an experiment of 12 phylogenetically-grouped native and non-native, invasive woody species, grown with or without a common inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) across two nutrient levels. We measured 10 fine root traits associated with nutrient uptake and suitability of AMF colonization.</li> <li>The presence of AMF increased the growth rate of all species, but native species were significantly more dependent on AMF than invaders. Further, invaders expressed a distinct syndrome of first-order root traits, including longer, thinner roots of high specific root length, greater branching intensity, and lower tissue density, which are traits associated with rapid nutrient uptake and low AMF association. This syndrome was independent of phylogeny, AMF inoculation, and soil fertility.</li> <li>An acquisitive fine root trait syndrome for invaders supports high photosynthetic and growth rates, linking above- and below-ground functioning. The occurrence of this syndrome across phylogenetic groups indicates that lineages of woody invaders typically associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas may be generally less dependent on AMF than native species.</li> </ol>

Supplementary material 4 from: Arianoutsou M, Adamopoulou C, Andriopoulos P, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Galanidis A, Kalogianni E, Karachle PK, Kokkoris Y, Martinou AF, Zenetos A, Zikos A (2023) HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways. NeoBiota 86: 45-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.101778

CBD principal introduction pathways for marine invasive alien species of Greece per different categories

Supplementary material 2 from: Arianoutsou M, Adamopoulou C, Andriopoulos P, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Galanidis A, Kalogianni E, Karachle PK, Kokkoris Y, Martinou AF, Zenetos A, Zikos A (2023) HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways. NeoBiota 86: 45-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.101778

CBD principal introduction pathways for terrestrial invasive alien species of Greece per different categories

Supplementary material 3 from: Arianoutsou M, Adamopoulou C, Andriopoulos P, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Galanidis A, Kalogianni E, Karachle PK, Kokkoris Y, Martinou AF, Zenetos A, Zikos A (2023) HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways. NeoBiota 86: 45-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.101778

CBD principal introduction pathways for freshwater invasive alien species of Greece per different categories

Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly

As biological invasions increasingly threaten biodiversity, the removal of invasive nonnative species emerges as a possibility to recover the structure and function of native communities. Yet, we have limited knowledge of how communities assemble after nonnative removals. Since most ecosystems are invaded by multiple nonnative species, the impact of their removal likely depends on the interactions among nonnative species which, in turn, are contingent on the environmental context in which they occur. We evaluated the community assembly after the targeted removal of two highly invasive shrubs, Sweetbriar rose (Rosa rubiginosa) and Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius). The removal was performed at two different times in the growing season (early or late removal) in field and mesocosm communities. In search of general patterns across species, we modeled species responses as a function of their origin (i.e., native / nonnative) and functional traits. We found evidence for negative and asymmetric interactions between dominant invasive species that translated into changes in the abundances of the rest of the species in the community. Depending on the identity of the removed species, the removal of invasive species affected community assembly by promoting other nonnative species or hindering the performance of native species. These effects were modulated by the timing of removal and did not depend on leaf or seed traits. Synthesis: Accounting for nonnative interactions and their temporal dependency should improve our inferences about assembly processes and the effectiveness of nonnative removal aimed at reducing the accumulation of nonnatives.