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Data from: Variations in regional white matter volumetry and microstructure during the post-adolescence period: a cross-sectional study of a cohort of 1,713 university students
<p>Human brain white matter undergoes a protracted maturation that continues well into adulthood. Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) methods allow detailed characterisations of the microstructural architecture of white matter, and they are increasingly utilised to study white matter changes during development and ageing. However, relatively little is known about the late maturational changes in the microstructural architecture of white matter during post-adolescence. Here we report on regional changes in white matter volume and microstructure in young adults undergoing university-level education. As part of the MRi-Share multi-modal brain MRI database, multi-shell, high angular resolution DWI data were acquired in a unique sample of 1,713 university students aged 18 to 26. We assessed the age and sex dependence of diffusion metrics derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in the white matter regions as defined itein the John Hopkins University (JHU) white matter labels atlas. We demonstrate that while regional white matter volume is relatively stable over the age range of our sample, the white matter microstructural properties show clear age-related variations. Globally, it is characterised by a robust increase in neurite density index (NDI), and to a lesser extent, orientation dispersion index (ODI). These changes are accompanied by a decrease in diffusivity. In contrast, there is minimal age-related variation in fractional anisotropy. There are regional variations in these microstructural changes: some tracts, most notably cingulum bundles, show a strong age-related increase in NDI coupled with decreases in radial and mean diffusivity, while others, mainly cortico-spinal projection tracts, primarily show an ODI increase and axial diffusivity decrease. These age-related variations are not different between males and females, but males show higher NDI and ODI and lower diffusivity than females across many tracts. These findings emphasize the complexity of changes in white matter structure occurring in this critical period of late maturation in early adulthood.</p>
FIG. 1. — Bulbophyllum petrae G.A in Description of two new species and one new section of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from Madagascar
FIG. 1. — Bulbophyllum petrae G.A.Fischer, Sieder & P.J.Cribb: A, habit; B, leaf; C, flower, side view; D, dorsal sepal; E, lateral sepal; F, petal; G, lip, dorsal view; H, flower from above with dorsal sepal removed; I, flower from side with dorsal sepal and nearside lateral sepal and petal removed; J, K, anther-cap, two views; L, pollinia. Fischer & Andriantiana FS2287. Drawings by Juliet Beentje. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C-I, 3 mm; J, K, 1 mm; L, 0.5 mm.
FIG. 2 in Deux nouvelles espèces de Rhododendron section Siphonovireya (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée
FIG. 2. — Rhododendron dutartrei Danet, sp. nov.: A, rameau florifère; B, détail de l'indument à la face inférieure du limbe foliaire; C, bractées externes à bractées internes, de droite à gauche; D, bractéole; E, fleur, coupe longitudinale; F, anthères, vues ventrale et dorsale; G, gynécée. Danet 4246. Échelles: A, 3 cm; B, 1 mm; C-E, 1 cm; F, 2 mm; G, 5 mm.
FIG. 1 in Deux nouvelles espèces de Rhododendron section Siphonovireya (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée
FIG. 1. — Rhododendron kogo Danet, sp. nov.: A, rameau florifère; B, détail de l'indument à la face inférieure du limbe foliaire; C, bractées externes à bractées internes, de droite à gauche; D, bractéole; E, fleur, coupe longitudinale; F, anthères, vues ventrale et dorsale; G, gynécée. Danet 4455. Échelles: A, 3 cm; B, 1 mm; C-E, 1 cm; F, 2 mm; G, 5 mm.
FIG. 2. — Bulbophyllum jackyi G.A in Description of two new species and one new section of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from Madagascar
FIG. 2. — Bulbophyllum jackyi G.A.Fischer, Sieder & P.J.Cribb: A, habit; B, pseudobulbs and inflorescence; C, inflorescence; D, petal, column and ovary; E, lateral sepal; F, petal; G, H, lip, two views; I, lip, longitudinal section; J, flower from side with sepals and nearside petal removed; K, young flower with one half of synsepal removed; L, anther-cap, ventral view; M, N, pollinia. Fischer, Sieder & Andriantiana FS868. Drawings by Juliet Beentje. Scale bars: A-C, 10 mm; D, J, 2 mm; E, 5 mm; F-I, K-n, 1 mm.
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size. in Description of new dinosaurian reptiles
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size.
FIG. 1 in Validating a striking new species endemic from New Caledonia: Pandanus bernardii H.St.John ex Callm., sp. nov. (Pandanaceae) and its monospecific section: Pandanus Parkinson sect. Bernardia B.C.Stone ex Callm., sect. nov.
FIG. 1. — Distribution of Pandanus bernardii H.St.John ex Callm., sp. nov. in New Caledonia (solid dots) with ultramafic soils (grey) and serpentine (black).
FIG. 2. — Pandanus bernardii H in Validating a striking new species endemic from New Caledonia: Pandanus bernardii H.St.John ex Callm., sp. nov. (Pandanaceae) and its monospecific section: Pandanus Parkinson sect. Bernardia B.C.Stone ex Callm., sect. nov.
FIG. 2. — Pandanus bernardii H.St.John ex Callm., sp. nov.: A-H, Bernardi 9431bis (holotype G, isotype BISH [adapted from St. John 1982]); I, Veillon 2082A (BISH [adapted from St. John 1982]; drawing Roger Lala Andriamiarisoa); A, leaf apex; B, drupe apex with stigmas; C, D, lateral view of drupe; E, section of a drupe; F, syncarp; G, basal part of leaf; H, medium part of leaf; I, staminate flower showing a 'stemanophore'. Scale bars: A, C-E, G, H, 1 cm; B, 5 mm; F, 2 cm; I, 2 mm.
Figure 32 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 32. Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus (Chen, Chen & Zhang, 1983). A, sinistral Pa element, NIGP 153145, Nj378, upper view (IY153-018). B, dextral Pb element, NIGP 153146, AFT-X-K13/40, upper view (IY163-040). C–G, dextral Pa element; C, NIGP 153147, Nj378, upper view (IY153-017); D, NIGP 153148, AFT-X-K13/44, upper view (IY165-014); E, NIGP 153149, AFT-X-K13/43, upper view (IY164-023); F, NIGP 153150, Nj378, upper view (IY153-021); G, NIGP 153151, AFT-X-K13/44, upper view (IY165-013). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 30 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 30. Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis (An & Ding, 1982). A–G, sinistral Pa element; A–B, NIGP 153127, AFT-X-K13/44, A, upper view (IY165-011), B, lateral view (IY165-010); C–D, NIGP 153128, AFT-X-K13/43, C, upper view (IY164-018), D, lateral view (IY164-016). E–F, NIGP 153129, AFT-X-K13/41, E, upper view (IY164-008), F, upper-lateral view (IY164-007); G, NIGP 153130, AFT-X-K13/44, basal view (IY165-012). H–L, dextral Pa element; H–I, NIGP 153131, AFT-X-K13/44, H, upper view (IY165-003), I, upper view, close up showing fine reticular surface structure (IY166-005); J, NIGP 153132, AFT-X-K13/44, basal view (IY165-006); K, NIGP 153133, AFT-X-K13/43, upper view (IY164-014); L, NIGP 153134, AFT-X-K13/40, upper view (IY164-001). Scale bars 100 µm, unless otherwise indicated.
Figure 31 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 31. Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis (An & Ding, 1982). A–G, sinistral Pb element; A, NIGP 153135, AFT-X-K13/44, basal view (IY165-008); B, NIGP 153136, AFT-X-K13/44, upper view (IY165-001); C, NIGP 153137, AFT-X-K13/44, juvenile, upper view (IY165- 015); D, NIGP 153138, AFT-X-K13/42, upper view (IY164-009); E, NIGP 153139, AFT-X-K13/41, upper view (IY164-004); F–G, NIGP 153140, AFT-X-K13/40, F, upper view (IY163-038), G, upper view, close up showing fine reticular surface structure (IY163-039). H–L, dextral Pb element; H, NIGP 153141, AFT-X-K13/44, upper view (IY165-002); I, NIGP 153142, AFT-X-K13/44, basal view (IY165- 007); J, NIGP 153143, AFT-X-K13/43, upper view (IY164-010); K–L, NIGP 153144, AFT-X-K13/40, K, basal view (IY163-041), L, basal view, close up showing lamellar surface structure (IY163-042). Scale bars 100 µm, unless otherwise indicated.
Figure 29 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 29. Yangtzeplacognathus crassus (Chen & Zhang, 1993). A–H, sinistral Pb element; A–B, NIGP 153118, Nj295, A, upper view (IY149-001), B, lateral view (IY149-002); C, NIGP 153119, Nj295, upper view (IY149-004); D–E, NIGP 153120, Nj294, D, upper view (IY146-013), E, upper view, close up showing cross section of the cusp (IY146-015); F–G, NIGP 153121, Nj294, F, basal view (IY146- 010), G, lateral view (IY146-011); H, NIGP 153122, Nj294, upper view (IY146-009). I–O, dextral Pb element; I–J, NIGP 153123, Nj294, I, upper view (IY146-024), J, lateral view (IY146-023); K–L, NIGP 153124, Nj294, K, upper view (IY146-032), L, lateral view (IY146-030); M–N, NIGP 153125, Nj294, M, lateral view (IY146-029), N, upper view (IY146-031); O, NIGP 153126, Nj294, upper view (IY146-025). Scale bars 100 µm, unless otherwise indicated.
Figure 28 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 28. Yangtzeplacognathus crassus (Chen & Zhang, 1993). A–B, Sa element, NIGP 153109, A, posterior view (IY146-036), B, lateral view (IY146-038); C, Sa element, NIGP 153110, lateral view (IY146-033). D–E, Sb element, NIGP 153111, D, antero-upper view (IY146-034), E, inner lateral view (IY146-035). F, sinistral Pa element, NIGP 153112, basal view (IY146-003). G–O, dextral Pa element; G–H, NIGP 153113, G, upper view (IY146-001), H, upper lateral view (IY146-002); I–J, NIGP 153114, I, basal view (IY146- 016), J, postero-lateral view (IY146-017); K–L, NIGP 153115, K, antero-upper view (IY146-004), L, upper view (IY146-005); M, NIGP 153116, upper view (IY146-020); N–O, NIGP 153117, N, basal view (IY146-021), O, lateral view (IY146-022). All from sample Nj294; scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 23. A–B in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 23. A–B, Venoistodus balticus Löfgren, 2006. M element; A, NIGP 153052, Nj296, posterior view (IY158-034); B, NIGP 153053, Nj296, posterior view (IY158-032). C–E, Protopanderodus liripipus Kennedy, Barnes & Uyeno, 1979. C–D, P element (low based); C, NIGP 153054, Nj406, inner lateral view (IY161-013); D, NIGP 153055, Nj406, outer lateral view (IY161-014). E, Sa element, NIGP 153056, Nj406, lateral view (IY155-010). F–L, Protopanderodus sp. F–G, Sa element, NIGP 153057, Nj297, lateral views (IY150-027, IY150-026). H–I, Sc element; H, NIGP 153058, Nj297, inner lateral view (IY150-028); I, NIGP 153059, Nj297, inner lateral view (IY150-029). J–L, Sb element, NIGP 153060, Nj296, J, outer lateral view (IY149-032), K, inner lateral view (IY149-031), L, basal view (IY149-030). M–N, Pseudooneotodus mitratus (Moskalenko, 1973). Pa element; M, NIGP 153061, Nj375, upper view (IY159-022); N, NIGP 153062, AFT-X-K13/44, upper view (IY164-029). O–P, Spinodus spinatus (Hadding, 1913). Sc element; O, NIGP 153063, Nj406, outer lateral view (IY161-001); P, NIGP 153064, Nj406, inner lateral view (IY161-002). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 27 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 27. Scolopodus? oistodiformis An & Ding, 1985. A–C, M element; A–B, NIGP 153104, Nj294, posterior view (IY148-020), B, basal view (IY148-019); C, NIGP 153105, Nj295, posterior view (IY149-008). D–E, Sa element, NIGP 153106, Nj294, D, anterior view (IY148-023), E, lateral view (IY148-031); F–G, Sb element, NIGP 153107, Nj294, F, basal-inner lateral view (IY148-022), G, outer lateral view (IY148-021). H–I, Sc element, NIGP 153108, Nj294, inner lateral view (IY148-030), I, outer lateral view (IY148-031). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 24 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 24. Pygodus anserinus Lamont & Lindström, 1957. A–F, Pa element; A, NIGP 153065, Nj276, upper view (IY152-022); B, NIGP 153066, Nj276, basal view (IY152-023); C, NIGP 153067, Nj388, upper view (IY155-002); D, NIGP 153068, Nj388, basal view (IY155- 003); E, NIGP 153069, Nj379, upper view (IY154-004); F, NIGP 153070, Nj389, upper view (IY155-004). G–I, Pb element; G, NIGP 153071, Nj378, outer lateral view (IY153-015); H, NIGP 153072, Nj376, basal-outer lateral view (Iy153-001); I, NIGP 153073, Nj376, inner lateral view (IY153-002). J, Sa element, NIGP 153074, Nj376, lateral view (IY153-003). K–L, Sb element, NIGP 153075, Nj377, K, outer lateral view (IY153-012), L, inner lateral view (IY153-013). M–P, Sd element; M–O, NIGP 153076, Nj376, M, posterior view (IY153-006), N, inner lateral view (IY153-007), O, outer lateral view (IY153-008); P, NIGP 153077, Nj379, outer lateral view (IY154- 008). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 22 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 22. Protopanderodus varicostatus (Sweet & Bergström, 1962); from the Pratt Ferry Formation of Alabama. A–C, Sa element, OSU 52807, from the topotype locality, A–B, lateral views (IYIY170-010, IY171-019), C, upper view showing cross section of cusp (IY170-012). D–E, Sb element, OSU 52808, from the topotype locality, D, inner lateral view (IY171-021), E, outer lateral view (IY170- 017). F–G, Pa element, OSU 52809, topotype, sample 64B2-12 from the top bed of the formation, F, inner lateral view (IY170-029), G, outer lateral view (IY171-016). H–M, Sc element; H–I, OSU 52810, from the topotype locality, H, outer lateral view (IY170-018), I, inner lateral view (IY171-022); J–K, OSU 52811, from the topotype locality, J, inner lateral view (IY170-020), K, outer lateral view (IY171-023); L–M, OSU 52812, from the topotype locality, L, inner lateral view (IY170-021)… (continued on facing page)
Figure 26. Scolopodus striatus Pander, 1856. A–B, P in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 26. Scolopodus striatus Pander, 1856. A–B, P element (acontiodiform), NIGP 153092, Nj294, A, anterior view (IY148-14), B, posterior view (IY148-015). C–D, Sa element (subrounded), NIGP 153093, Nj294, C, posterior view (IY148-012), D, postero-lateral view (IY148-011). E–I, Sb element (short-based variant of compressed paltodiform); E–G, NIGP 153094, Nj294, E, inner lateral view (IY148-007), F, posterior view (IY148-008), G, antero-outer lateral view (IY148-006); H–I, NIGP 153095, Nj294, H, outer lateral view (IY148-029), I, upper view showing cross section of cusp (IY148-028). J–O, Sc element (medium-based variant of paltodiform); J, NIGP 153096, Nj292, inner lateral view (IY158-025); K–L, NIGP 153097, Nj292, K, inner lateral view (IY158-022), L, outer lateral view (IY158-020); M–O, NIGP 153098, Nj294, M, basal view of basal cavity (IY148-017), N, outer lateral view (IY148-016), O, inner lateral view (IY148-018). P–Q, Sd element (long-based variant of compressed paltodiform), NIGP 153099, Nj294, P, inner lateral view (IY148-009), Q, basal view of cusp (IY148-010). R–W, M element (short-based variant of paltodiform); R–S, NIGP 153100, Nj294, R, inner lateral view (IY148-004), S, outer lateral view (IY148-005); T–U, NIGP 153101, Nj292, T, inner lateral view (IY158-023), U, outer lateral view (IY158-024); V, NIGP 153102, Nj295, inner lateral view (IY149-009); W, NIGP 153103, Nj294, inner lateral view (IY158-031). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 25 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 25. Pygodus serra (Hadding, 1913). A–E, Pa element; A, NIGP 153078, 13/40, upper view (IY155-018); B, NIGP 153079, Nj375, upper view (IY151-016); C, NIGP 153080, Nj375, basal view (IY151-010); D, NIGP 153081, Nj375, upper view (IY151-014); E, NIGP 153082, 13/40, upper view (IY155-019). F–H, Pb element; F, NIGP 153083, 13/40, outer lateral view (IY155-020); G, NIGP 153084, Nj375, outer lateral view (IY151-017); H, NIGP 153085, Nj375, inner lateral view (IY151-018). I–L, Sa element; I–K, NIGP 153086, Nj375, I, posterior view (IY151-015), J, lateral view (IY151-020), K, antero-lateral view (IY151-22); L, NIGP 153087, Nj375, posterior view (IY152-001). M–N, Sb element, NIGP 153088, Nj375, M, lateral view (IY152-005), N, posterior view (IY152-006). O–P, Sc element, NIGP 153089, Nj375, O, posterior view (IY152-009), P, inner lateral view (IY152-010). Q–R, Sd element; Q, NIGP 153090, Nj375, outer lateral view (IY152-004); R, NIGP 153091, Nj375, outer lateral view (IY152-011). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 19 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 19. Protopanderodus cooperi (Sweet & Bergström, 1962). A–B, M element; A, NIGP 153022, Nj376, posterior view (IY159-030); B, NIGP 153023, Nj376, posterior view (IY159-033). C–G, Sa element; C–D, NIGP 153024, Nj297, C, basal view (IY147-014), D, lateral view (IY147-015); E–G, NIGP 153025, AFT-X-K13/13, E, basal view (IY168-020), F–G, lateral views (IY168-021, IY168-022). H–I, Sb element; H, NIGP 153026, AFT-X-K13/13, outer lateral view (IY168-032); I, NIGP 153027, AFT-X-K13/13, inner lateral view (IY168-029). J–M, Sc element; J, NIGP 153028, AFT-X-K13/13, outer lateral view (IY168-034); K–M, NIGP 153029, Nj294, K, inner lateral view (IY147-017), L, outer lateral view (IY147-019), M, upper view, close up showing cross section of the cusp (IY147-018). N–O, Pa element, NIGP 153030, AFT-X-K13/13, N, inner lateral view (IY169-023), O, basal view (IY169-024). P–R, Pb element; P, NIGP 153031, AFT-X-K13/13, antero-outer lateral view (IY168-018); Q, NIGP 153032, AFT-X-K13/13, inner lateral view (IY168-030); R, NIGP 153033, AFT-X-K13/13, inner lateral view (IY169-029). Scale bars 100 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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