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FIGURE 4. Sheet 3 in Untangling the type collection and recircunscription of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis: a threatened orchid species from Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest

FIGURE 4. Sheet 3 of the isolectotype of P. corcovadensis collected on the Morro do Corcovado by Voll & Carris s.n. (RB 26626) with a label in different handwriting from that of A. C. Brade (in Sheet 1) and a note by Antônio Toscano de Brito, which points out the erroneous indication of the specimen as an isotype.

FIGURE 3. Sheet 2 in Untangling the type collection and recircunscription of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis: a threatened orchid species from Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest

FIGURE 3. Sheet 2 of the isolectotype of P. corcovadensis collected on the Morro do Corcovado by Voll & Carris s.n. (RB 26626): only flower dissected and stuck in the yellow capsule by Brade. The remaining materials are not part of the isolectotype and are a specimen of unknown procedence P. vellozicola: fragments within the white capsule and parts of inflorescence axes.

FIGURE 2. Sheet 1 in Untangling the type collection and recircunscription of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis: a threatened orchid species from Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest

FIGURE 2. Sheet 1 of the lectotype of P. corcovadensis collected on the Morro do Corcovado by Voll & Carris s.n. (RB 26626) showing the label with Brade's handwriting and the collecting data.

FIGURE 1 in Untangling the type collection and recircunscription of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis: a threatened orchid species from Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, municipalities of Rio de Janeiro (1), Paty do Alferes (2), Petrópolis (3), Nova Friburgo (4) Sapucaia (5); and in the state of Minas Gerais, municipality of Juíz de Fora (6).

FIGURE 4 in Reestablishment and recircumscription of Paepalanthus elatus (Eriocaulaceae, Poales), a threatened micro-endemic species from northern Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Comparison between Paepalanthus argenteus var. elatus (at right) and its neighboring population of P. argenteus var. argenteus (at left). A. Habit. B–F. Leaf: length (B), adaxial base (C), adaxial middle (D), abaxial apex (E), adaxial apex (F). G–H. Spathe: apex (G) and length (H). I–N. Capitulum: upper view (I), lateral view (J), early (K) to mature (N) development. (Photos: Wellerson Picanço)

FIGURE 3. Paepalanthus argenteus var. elatus. A, B. Habitat. C. Habit. D in Reestablishment and recircumscription of Paepalanthus elatus (Eriocaulaceae, Poales), a threatened micro-endemic species from northern Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Paepalanthus argenteus var. elatus. A, B. Habitat. C. Habit. D. Mature individual, showing inflorescences at various stages of development. E. Longitudinal section of the stem and leaf rosette, showing the yellowish caudex with marcescent leaf sheaths. F. Leaves, showing the striated indumentum on the abaxial surface and green appearance adaxially, and green scapes. G. Leaf abaxial surface, showing patent hairs and acuminate apex. H–K. Capitula in various developmental stages, from bud (H) to fruiting (K), all with long reflexed, acuminate involucral bracts; remarkable details are the capitula with staminate (I, at right, and K) and pistillate (I at left) flowers at anthesis, and the Diptera and Coleoptera flower visitors (J). (Photos: Livia Echternacht)

FIGURE 1 in Reestablishment and recircumscription of Paepalanthus elatus (Eriocaulaceae, Poales), a threatened micro-endemic species from northern Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Paepalanthus argenteus in the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Map I. Paepalanthus argenteus var. argenteus studied vouchers. Map II. Area of occupancy of the only known population of P. argenteus var. elatus and the closest population of P. argenteus var. argenteus, Fechados district, Santana de Pirapama municipality.

FIGURE 6 in Reestablishment and recircumscription of Paepalanthus elatus (Eriocaulaceae, Poales), a threatened micro-endemic species from northern Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Scatter plot derived from the PCA of Paepalanthus argenteus var. argenteus (abbreviated as var. argenteus), of P. argenteus var. elatus (var. elatus) and of the neighboring population of var. argenteus to var. elatus.

FIGURE 2. Paepalanthus argenteus var. argenteus. A, B. Habitat. C–E in Reestablishment and recircumscription of Paepalanthus elatus (Eriocaulaceae, Poales), a threatened micro-endemic species from northern Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Paepalanthus argenteus var. argenteus. A, B. Habitat. C–E. Individuals representing morphological variants of the species. F–G. Rosettes of leaves showing variation in the indumentum: (F) indumentum similar to the type collection, from the population in the Fechados district neighboring P. argenteus var. elatus, (G) Individual from Diamantina. H–L. Variation in capitulum morphology from various stages of development. (Photos: Livia Echternacht)

FIGURE 5 in Reestablishment and recircumscription of Paepalanthus elatus (Eriocaulaceae, Poales), a threatened micro-endemic species from northern Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Graphs representing the minimum (a, b) and maximum (c, d) values of the continuous characters selected for the morphometric analyses of the ensemble of populations of Paepalanthus argenteus var. argenteus (abbreviated as var. argenteus), of P. argenteus var. elatus (var. elatus) (a, c) and of the neighboring population of var. argenteus to var. elatus (b, d). A. Length of the hairs on the leaf adaxial surface, [abbreviated Leaf – hair L (ad)]. B. Length of the hair on the leaf margins [Leaf – hair L (m)]. C. Length of the hair on the spathe [Spathe – hair L]. D. Length of the hair on the Scape [Scape – hair L]. E. Length of the involucral bracts [Inv. br. L]. F. Length of the involucral bracts surpassing the floral disc [Inv. br. – sup. L]. G. Length of the anthophore, in the staminate flowers [St. fl. – anth. L]. H. Diameter of the capitulum [Capitulum D]. All measures in millimeters; 'ns' = statistically not significant.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSING VULVOVAGINAL INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH THREATENED ABORTION USING VARIOUS METHODS

Vulvovaginal infections are a significant concern in obstetrics, particularly among pregnant women with threatened abortion. Timely diagnosis of these infections plays a crucial role in preventing complications such as preterm labor and other pathological conditions. Objective: To investigate the features of diagnosing vulvovaginal infections in pregnant women with threatened abortion using various methods. Methods: The study involved 164 pregnant women diagnosed with cervicovaginal infection (CVI). All participants were divided into two groups: the main group (115 women) with threatened abortion and the comparison group (49 women) without threat. The control group consisted of 50 healthy pregnant women. Results: The use of microscopic, bacteriological, and PCR methods revealed common infections, including bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis. The application of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy in identifying microorganisms and determining their quantitative content. Conclusion: A comprehensive approach, including GLC, significantly improves the effectiveness of diagnosis and enables the timely detection and treatment of vulvovaginal infections, thereby reducing the risk of complications in pregnant women with threatened abortion. Keywords: vulvovaginal infections, pregnancy, gas-liquid chromatography, threat of pregnancy termination, endogenous intoxication

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Are Brazil nut populations threatened by fruit harvest?

Harvest of Brazil nuts from the large, iconic tree Bertholletia excelsa generates substantial income for smallholders, providing a strong incentive to conserve the mature forests where it grows. Although much previous work has focused on the impact of nut harvest on new seedling recruits into B. excelsa populations, the connection between harvest rates and long-term population stability is still unclear. Moreover, there is additional uncertainty for Brazil nut management in terms of population response to climate change and other anthropogenic influences. We drew on 14 years of research in two sites in Acre, Brazil with different B. excelsa nut harvest intensities (39% and 81%), to produce stochastic and deterministic matrix population models which incorporated parameter uncertainty in vital rates. Adult abundance was projected to remain close to the current observed abundance or higher through the next 50 years. Elasticity analyses revealed that the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) was most sensitive to stasis vital rates in sapling, juvenile, and adult stages. Deterministic transition matrices calculated using diameter growth rates dependent on rainfall yielded average λ values around 1.0 under extreme high, extreme low, and average annual rainfall. While sustained high rates of Brazil nut harvest and climate change could potentially negatively impact B. excelsa populations, changes in human use of the forested landscape are more immediate concern. To reduce the risk of population decline, smallholders and managers of B. excelsa rich forests should focus on conservation of pre-mature and mature individuals.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Introgression threatens the survival of the critically endangered freshwater crayfish Cherax tenuimanus (Decapoda : Parastacidae) in the wild

Hybridization and genetic introgression following the introduction of exotic species can pose a significant threat to the survival of geographically restricted species. A remnant population of the critically endangered freshwater crayfish Cherax tenuimanus in the upper reaches of the Margaret River in southwestern Australia is under threat following the introduction and spread of its congener Cherax cainii. Here, we examine the extent of hybridization and introgression between the two species using twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our study reveals there are three times more C. cainii than C. tenuimanus at our study site in the upper reaches of the Margaret River. There is also evidence of hybridization and introgression between C. tenuimanus and C. cainii at this site, with F1, F2 and backcrossed individuals identified. While interbreeding was confirmed in this study, our simulations suggest that the levels of introgression are much lower than would be expected under random mating, indicating partial reproductive barriers exist. Nevertheless, it is apparent that hybridization and introgression with C. cainii pose a serious threat to C. tenuimanus and their survival in the wild will require active adaptive management and continued genetic monitoring to evaluate management effectiveness.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

A comprehensive index for threatened biodiversity valuation

We present a new comprehensive index for mapping the relative conservation value of threatened biodiversity. The index is based on explicit criteria to (1) select threatened species according to regional government responsibility for species' conservation; (2) combine species' presence by means of weighting factors based on differences in threat status, sensitivity to disturbance, functional role, and amount of knowledge; and (3) map species distributions at the scale of 1 km×1 km UTM squares or lower from the information available. We tested the performance of the index in the forest of Andalusia (southern Spain), an extensive European region of 87,268 km2, with 43,864 km2 (ca. 50%) classified as forest habitats. All species included in the Annexes of the European Birds and Habitats Directives inhabiting the target area, plus the regionally endemic species either 'Critically Endangered' or 'Endangered' not (yet) covered by the Directives were selected. The final list included 224 species: 81 plants, 76 birds, 31 mammals, 22 arthropods, six reptiles, five amphibians, and three mollusks. Fine-scale distribution maps were available for 108 species (48%). The remaining maps were downscaled from published 10 km×10 km UTM maps using knowledge on species' habitat requirements and land-use maps. We overlapped the fine-scale maps with the 86,546 forest tiles of the Andalusian Forest Map and weighted presences by a factor of relative conservation estimated for each species to obtain an index of the relative conservation of each forest tile. Index values were higher in protected areas, and in different forest habitats according to expected numbers of endangered species. Index values were correlated with the existence value of threatened species, but the index underestimate existence values especially for the most valuable tiles. The proposed index allows mapping the relative conservation value of threatened biodiversity by integrating knowledge on all threatened species into a single variable. Integration is based on explicit methodological criteria for species selection, combination of relative conservation values, and estimation of downscaled maps. Accurate mapping and synthetic summary of compulsory data on the conservation status of all species present in a territory advise its extended use for threatened biodiversity valuation in both Europe and elsewhere.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Climate structuring of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the threatened amphibians of the northern Western Ghats, India

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogen killing amphibians worldwide. Its impact across much of Asia is poorly characterised. This study systematically surveyed amphibians for Bd across rocky plateaus in the northern section of the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India, including for the first surveys of the plateaus in the coastal region. These ecosystems offer an epidemiological model system since they are characterised by differing levels of connectivity, edaphic and climatic conditions, and anthropogenic stressors. One hundred and eighteen individuals of 21 species of Anura and Apoda on 13 plateaus ranging from 67-1179m above sea level and 15.89 to 17.92° North Latitude were sampled. Using qPCR protocols 79% of species and 27% of individuals tested were positive for Bd. This is the first record of Bd in caecilians in India, the Critically Endangered Xanthophryne tigenrinus and Endangered Fejervarya cf. sahyadris. Mean site prevalence was 28.15%. Prevalence below the escarpment was 31.2% and 25.4% above. The intensity of infection (GE) showed the reverse pattern. Infection may be related to elevational temperature changes, thermal exclusion, inter-site connectivity and anthropogenic disturbance. Coastal plateaus may be thermal refuges from Bd. Infected amphibians represented a wide range of ecological traits posing interesting questions about transmission routes.

FIGURE 6 in Scilla vardaria (Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae): a threatened new species of Scilla L. from Northeast Turkey with a floral corona

FIGURE 6. Distribution of 1. Scilla vardaria; 2. Scilla luciliae (syn: Chionodoxa luciliae), Scilla siehei (syn: Chionodoxa siehei), Scilla sardensis (syn: Chionodoxa sardensis), Scilla forbesii (syn: Chionodoxa forbesii); 3. Scilla bifolia; 4. Puschkinia scilloides, Puschkinia peshmenii in Turkey.

FIGURE 4. A–F in Scilla vardaria (Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae): a threatened new species of Scilla L. from Northeast Turkey with a floral corona

FIGURE 4. A–F. Scilla vardaria (A. Habit. B. Bulb. C–D. Seeds. E. Seed surface. F. Mature fruits with seeds). G. Fruits of. 1. Scilla luciliae (syn: Chionodoxa luciliae). 2. Scilla vardaria. 3. Scilla bifolia. H–M. SEM photographs of seeds and pollen grains of Scilla vardaria (H–J. Seed and seed surface. K–M. Pollen grains).

FIGURE 5. A–C in Scilla vardaria (Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae): a threatened new species of Scilla L. from Northeast Turkey with a floral corona

FIGURE 5. A–C. Scilla bifolia (A. Habit, B. Flower, C, Stamens and pistil); D–F. Chionodoxa sardensis (synonym of Scilla sardensis) (D. Habit, E. Flower with a cone form stamen position, F. Stamen and pistil); G–J. Scilla vardaria (G. Habit, H. Flower and floral corona, J. Floral corona, stamen and pistil), K–M. Puschkinia scilloides (K. Habit, L. Flower and floral corona with corona lobes, M. Floral corona, stamen and pistil).

FIGURE 2 in Scilla vardaria (Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae): a threatened new species of Scilla L. from Northeast Turkey with a floral corona

FIGURE 2. Scilla vardaria (from type locality). A. Habit. B. Frontal view of flower. C. Dorsal view of flowers.

FIGURE 1. A–I in Scilla vardaria (Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae): a threatened new species of Scilla L. from Northeast Turkey with a floral corona

FIGURE 1. A–I. Scilla vardaria (from holotype). A. Habit; B–C. Frontal view of flower with floral corona structure. D. Dorsal view of flower with perigon tube. E. Floral corona structures F. Front view of flower with floral corona and pistil. G–H. Fruits. I–K. seeds with elaiosomes.