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Figure 20 from: Gosik R, Sprick P, Morris MG (2019) Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). ZooKeys 813: 111-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336

Figure 20 Graptustriguttatustriguttatus mature larva, clypeus, labrum and epipharynx. Abbreviations: clss – clypeal sensorium, lr – labral rods, setae: als – anterolateral, ams – anteromedial, cls – clypeal, lrs – labral, mes – median.

Figures 59-63 from: Gosik R, Sprick P, Morris MG (2019) Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). ZooKeys 813: 111-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336

Figures 59-63 Tanymecuspalliatus mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy. 59 Thoracic segments lateral view 60 First abdominal segment lateral view 61 Abdominal segments 7–10 lateral view 62 Abdominal segments 7–10 ventral view 63 Abdominal segments 7–10 dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. 1–3 – thoracic segments 1–3, Abd. 1–10 – abdominal segments 1–10, setae: as – alar, ps – pleural, eps – epipleural, ds – dorsal, lsts – laterosternal, eus – eusternal, pda – pedal, pds – postdorsal, prns – pronotal, prs – prodorsal, sps – spiracular, sts – sternal, ts – terminal.

Figures 50-51 from: Gosik R, Sprick P, Morris MG (2019) Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). ZooKeys 813: 111-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336

Figures 50-51 Philopedonplagiatum mature larva, right antenna. 50 Cushion-like 51 Conical–shaped. Abbreviations: Se – sensorium, sa – sensillum ampullaceum, sb – sensillum basiconicum.

Figures 41-43 from: Gosik R, Sprick P, Morris MG (2019) Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). ZooKeys 813: 111-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336

Figures 41-43 Peritelussphaeroides mature larva, body parts. 41 Maxillolabial complex ventral aspect 42 Right maxilla apical part dorsal aspect 43 Right maxilla apical part ventral aspect. Abbreviations: setae: dms – dorsal malar, ligs – ligular, mbs – malar basiventral, mps – maxillary palp, pfs – palpiferal, prms – prelabial, pms – postlabial, stps – stipal, vms – ventral malar.

Figures 56-58 from: Gosik R, Sprick P, Morris MG (2019) Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). ZooKeys 813: 111-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336

Figures 56-58 Philopedonplagiatum mature larva, body parts. 56 Maxillolabial complex ventral aspect 57 Right maxilla apical part dorsal aspect 58 Right maxilla apical part ventral aspect. Abbreviations: setae: dms – dorsal malar, ligs – ligular, mbs – malar basiventral, mps – maxillary palp, pfs – palpiferal, prms – prelabial, pms – postlabial, stps – stipal, vms – ventral malar.

Figure 5 from: Duan C, Jiang XH, Chang QQ, Hou XH (2019) First description of the immature stages of Dasyhelea alula and a redescription of adults from China (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 824: 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.31722

Figure 5 Geographical location of collecting site (inset) of Dasyheleaalula in Guizhou province, China.

Figure 4 from: Duan C, Jiang XH, Chang QQ, Hou XH (2019) First description of the immature stages of Dasyhelea alula and a redescription of adults from China (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 824: 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.31722

Figure 4 Dasyheleaalula Yu. Male adult (a–e), female adult (f–k). a frontal sclerites, anterior view b flagellomeres, anterior view c clypeus, anterior view d palpus, anterior view e genitalia, ventral view f flagellomeres, anterior view g frontal sclerites, anterior view h clypeus, anterior view i palpus, anterior view j wing k subgenital plate and spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 1 from: Duan C, Jiang XH, Chang QQ, Hou XH (2019) First description of the immature stages of Dasyhelea alula and a redescription of adults from China (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 824: 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.31722

Figure 1 Dasyheleaalula Yu. Larva (a–c), male pupa (d–e), female pupa (f–g). a head, dorsal view b epipharynx, dorsal view c hypopharynx, dorsal view d dorsal apotome (male) e segment IX (male) f dorsal apotome (female) g segment IX (female). Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: hypostoma (HY); hypopharynx (hpy); epipharynx (epy); genital lobe (GL); terminal process (TP).

Figure 2 from: Duan C, Jiang XH, Chang QQ, Hou XH (2019) First description of the immature stages of Dasyhelea alula and a redescription of adults from China (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 824: 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.31722

Figure 2 Dasyheleaalula Yu, larva. a head capsule (palatum, frontal view) b detail of labrum c detail of scopae d detail of lacinial sclerite I e caudal segment f detail of caudal segment. Abbreviations: antenna (AN); galeolacinia (GL); hypostoma (HY); hooks (H); labrum (LB); lacinial sclerite I (LC1); lacinial sclerite II (LC2); maxilla (MX); maxillary palpus (MP); palatum (PL); sensilla coeloconica (Sco); sensilla campaniformia (Sca); scopae (Sc).

Figure 3 from: Duan C, Jiang XH, Chang QQ, Hou XH (2019) First description of the immature stages of Dasyhelea alula and a redescription of adults from China (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys 824: 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.31722

Figure 3 Dasyheleaalula Yu. Male adult (a–c), female adult (d–e), male pupa(f–k). a genitalia b parameres c aedeagus d subgenital plate e spermatheca f clypeal/labral sensilla and ocular sensilla g dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla h anterolateral and anteromedial sensilla i metathoracics sensilla, lateral and dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment j dorsal and supraalar sensilla k dorsal, lateral and ventral sensilla of segment IV. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

opennotspecifiedMar 2006View details →

FIGURE 4 in Description of Genus Guaianaza for "Euptychia" pronophila (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages

FIGURE 4. Body chaetotaxy of the first instar of Guaianaza pronophila.

opennotspecifiedMar 2006View details →

FIGURE 1 in Description of Genus Guaianaza for "Euptychia" pronophila (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages

FIGURE 1. de Campos do handsides, respectively.

Figure 20 from: Freitas AVL, Mota LL, Barbosa EP, Carreira JYO (2019) Immature stages of the Selaginella-feeding Euptychia mollina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Zoologia 36: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32053

Figure 20 Body diagram showing larval chaetotaxy of first instar of Euptychiamollina. For chaetotaxy abbreviations see Stehr (1987) and Murray (2001).

Figure 17-19 from: Freitas AVL, Mota LL, Barbosa EP, Carreira JYO (2019) Immature stages of the Selaginella-feeding Euptychia mollina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Zoologia 36: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32053

Figure 17-19 Scanning electron microscopy of first instar of Euptychiamollina. (17) general view; (18–19) frontal and lateral view of head, respectively. Scale bars: 17 = 0.5 mm, 18–19 = 0.1 mm.

Figure 1-16 from: Freitas AVL, Mota LL, Barbosa EP, Carreira JYO (2019) Immature stages of the Selaginella-feeding Euptychia mollina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Zoologia 36: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32053

Figure 1-16 Life stages of Euptychiamollina: (1–2) egg, lateral and dorsal; (3–4) first instar, lateral and dorsal; (5–6) second instar, lateral and dorsal; (7–8) third instar, lateral and dorsal; (9–10) fourth instar, lateral and dorsal; (11–12) fifth (last) instar, lateral and dorsal; (13–15) pupa, lateral, ventral and dorsal; (16) reared adult.

Figure 21-23 from: Freitas AVL, Mota LL, Barbosa EP, Carreira JYO (2019) Immature stages of the Selaginella-feeding Euptychia mollina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Zoologia 36: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32053

Figure 21-23 Habitat of Euptychiamollina in Belterra, Pará, Brazil. (21) general view of the forest showing tall trees and an open canopy; (22) view of the trail where the ovipositing female was observed; (23) view of the larval host plant, Selaginella sp.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Predation test results and dynamics between three species of soil-dwelling predatory mites and early stages of maize pest.

PREDATORY MITES                 The three species used in this experiment were stored in climatic chambers at 25°C +/- 0,5°C and 70% +/- 10 RH% with constant obscurity. A mix of Aleuroglyphus ovatus stages was used as food and extra water was provided three times a week in a 100 mm x 94 mm bugdorm-5002 with 30µm nylon screen port sold by Bugdorm©. Macrocheles robustulus                 Koppert Biological systems provided Macrocheles robustulus. Their product is called Macro-mite©. We maintained them on vermiculite for 2 months with a mix of A. ovatus stages. Gaeolaelaps aculeifer                 Gaeolaelaps aculeifer is produced by EWH Bioproduction, Denmark. The population was maintained during 8 months on a substrate made of 1/3 third blond sphagnum peat and 2/3 of fine vermiculite and fed with a mix of A. ovatus stages. Stratiolaelaps scimitus                 Stratiolaelaps scimitus individuals used in this experiment are produced by Bioline AgroSciences. The product is called Hypoline©. This population has been maintained on blond sphagnum peat and fed with a mix of A. ovatus stages for 2 years. PREYS                 We experimented eggs and first instar larvae for both Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Agriotes sordidus as potential prey. We also added Aleuroglyphus ovatus eggs as a positive control of predation activity since astigmatid mites are known to be a suitable food source for those species (Rueda-Ramirez et al. 2018). Diabrotica virgifera virgifera eggs                 WCR diapausing eggs were provided by the Centre of Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI), Hungary. They were stored at 7°C +/- 0,5°C below their temperature of development (Meinke et al. 2009). We sieved the eggs from their substrate and selected only turgescent eggs to offer them to the predatory mites. Diabrotica virgifera virgifera first instar larvae                  We placed WCR eggs on the plaster of Paris in a climatic chamber at 25°C +/- 0,5°C and 70% +/- 10 RH%. We added water twice a week to keep the plaster of Paris moist. We checked daily if eggs hatched and introduced the first instar larvae in the predation device. Agriotes sordidus eggs                 Arvalis provided Agriotes sordidus eggs and first instar larvae by sending us a couple of adults ready to lay eggs in Petri dishes filled with a sample of soil where they have been collected. Both eggs and first instar larvae have been extracted from this dirt. Aleuroglyphus ovatus eggs                 A. ovatus eggs are produced by Bioline AgroSciences. Eggs were sterilized before presentation to the predatory mites. Ephestia kuehniella eggs                  E. kuehniella eggs are produced by Bioline Agrosciences. Eggs were sterilized before presentation to the predatory mites.                 PREDATION DEVICE                 Predation tests have been inspired by El Adouzi, Bonato, et Roy 2017; Lovis et al. 2011 and Nordenfors et Hoglund 2000 protocols by isolating each mite individually. However, we chose to carry out the predation tests in 2 mL Eppendorf tubes containing each 1 mL of dried plaster of Paris to maintain a high percentage of humidity necessary to soil-dwelling predatory mites survival (El Adouzi, Bonato, et Roy 2017). Adult mites of both sexes were individually isolated and starved for 7 days in the tubes before the predation tests. In total, 240 predatory mites have been isolated with 1/3 of each species to present them to 4 different types of prey. Twenty predation tests were made by prey/predator couple.                    During the 7-days period of starvation, we added 100µL of water every 3 days to maintain a suitable relative humidity necessary for soil-dwelling predatory mites survival. We also drilled the top of the tube and covered it with a 106 µm mesh width nylon tissue. This size of mesh allowed for water and gas exchange while preventing mites from leaving the tube. These tubes were stored in a climatic chamber at 25°C +/- 0,5°C with 70% +/- 10% RH.  All three species were active after this period of storage and starvation.                 We introduced 20 times one prey in a tube containing a predatory mite and observed predation activity during a maximum of 10 minutes or less if predation happens before that timing. We observed each mite feeding or non-feeding activity through the tube with a binocular. We used an indirect source of light, controlled at 100 lux (measured with the Digital Illuminance meter TES 1335), to minimize natural behavior disruption of these lucifugous species. During each assay, the timing and number of contacts between the predator and the prey before predation were noted. We considered predation activity when mites impaled the prey with their chelicerae. We chose to observe predation on a short duration because some of the prey could be impacted by plaster of Paris abrasive texture if it dries up.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Figure 3 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)

Figure 3. Heart rate (fH) variation during the experiment (A) and individual fH (B) in larval (blue line and points), premetamorphosis (orange line and points) and metamorphed individuals (green line and points) of Lithobates catesbeianus. All bars represent mean ± s.e.m.

opencc-by-4.0May 2016View details →

Figures 8-14 in Redescription of immature stages and adults of Nilio (Nilio) brunneus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Nilioninae)

Figures 8-14. Nilio brunneus larval parts. Antenna (8); labrum (9); left (10) and right (11) mandibles; maxila (12); labium (13); leg (14). hs – hypopharyngeal sclerome. Scale bars: 8-13 = 0.1 mm, 14 = 0.5 mm.