Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
33,754
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
33,754 results for “Enhancers”
CO2-fertilisation enhances resilience to browsing in the recruitment phase of an encroaching savanna tree
<p>1. CO<sub>2</sub>-fertilisation is implicated in the widespread and significant woody encroachment of savannas due to CO<sub>2</sub>-stimulated increases in belowground reserves that enhance sapling regrowth after fire. However, the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) on tree responses to the other major disturbance in savannas, herbivory, is poorly understood. Herbivory responses cannot be predicted from fire responses, as herbivore effects occur earlier during establishment and are moderated by plant palatability and defence rather than below-ground carbon accumulation.</p> <p>2. The relationship between herbivory and [CO<sub>2</sub>] is explored here using a widespread, strongly-encroaching savanna tree, <em>Vachellia</em> <em>karroo</em>. Using greenhouse-grown seedlings under past- through to predicted future-[CO<sub>2</sub>] (180–1000 ppm) and field-grown seedlings under ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>], we assessed plant survival, growth, defence and palatability.</p> <p>3. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] improves the tolerance of greenhouse-grown seedlings to herbivory by stimulating growth and allowing a critical size-threshold associated with survival to be reached earlier, thereby decreasing the probability of fatal herbivory during the vulnerable recruitment phase. Elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] also decreases the time taken to reach a second size-threshold linked to accelerated recovery of field-grown seedlings following herbivory. Seedling growth responses to increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] are non-linear, suggesting that historic growth- and survival enhancements are smaller than those predicted for the future. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] is associated with greater resistance to herbivores (more branched shoot architecture) but not leaf palatability (C:N ratio) or defence (leaf tannins and spine density).</p> <p>4. Increasing <em>V</em>. <em>karroo</em> densities already constitute a major land management problem in southern African savannas. However, encroachment by this species, and likely other savanna tree species, may be greatly exacerbated under future [CO<sub>2</sub>], as tolerance to herbivory at the recruitment stage is further enhanced. </p>
Sib-mating enhances fitness in a haplodiploid beetle
<p>Inbreeding is generally avoided in animals due to the risk of inbreeding depression following an increase in homozygous deleterious alleles and loss of heterozygosity. Species that regularly inbreed challenge our understanding of the fitness effects of these risks. We investigated fitness consequences of extended inbreeding in the haplodiploid date-stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda. We hypothesized that continuous inbreeding could result in reduced fitness, while outbreeding would either increase fitness due to heterosis or lower fitness if co-adapted gene complexes are disrupted. We established three breeding treatments with beetles from two geographically separated populations: Sib-mating (inbreeding), and outbreeding within- and between-populations. Between-population outbreeding groups of both populations had lower fecundity and collapsed before the experiment ended, while sib-mated and within-population breeding groups persisted for ten generations. Sib-mated females had higher fecundity than within- and between-population outbreeding females. Inbreeding coefficients of sib-mated groups were higher than the other treatment groups, yet sib-mated beetles remained genetically polymorphic at the population level. Thus, there was no inbreeding depression, while crossing between distant populations led to outbreeding depression. Our findings are consistent with the life history of C. dactyliperda, in which sib-mating predominates within the date seed, but occasional within-population outbreeding may occur following local dispersal.</p>
Design principles a heterogeneously catalyzed autothermal reactor with enhanced heat and mass transfer for hydrogen production
<p><strong>Design principles a</strong> <strong>heterogeneously catalyzed autothermal reactor with enhanced heat and mass transfer for hydrogen production</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>Catalysis, in chemistry, is the modification of the rate of a chemical reaction, usually an acceleration, by addition of a substance not consumed during the reaction. The rates of chemical reactions, that is, the velocities at which they occur, depend upon a number of factors, including the chemical nature of the reacting species and the external conditions to which they are exposed. A particular phenomenon associated with the rates of chemical reactions that is of great theoretical and practical interest is catalysis, the acceleration of chemical reactions by substances not consumed in the reactions themselves, substances known as catalysts. The study of catalysis is of interest theoretically because of what it reveals about the fundamental nature of chemical reactions; in practice, the study of catalysis is important because many industrial processes depend upon catalysts for their success. In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst generally enters into chemical combination with the reactants but is ultimately regenerated, so the amount of catalyst remains unchanged. Since the catalyst is not consumed, each catalyst molecule may induce the transformation of many molecules of reactants. For an active catalyst, the number of molecules transformed per minute by one molecule of catalyst may be as large as several million. Where a given substance or a combination of substances undergoes two or more simultaneous reactions that yield different products, the distribution of products may be influenced by the use of a catalyst that selectively accelerates one reaction relative to the other(s). By choosing the appropriate catalyst, a particular reaction can be made to occur to the extent of practically excluding another. Many important applications of catalysis are based on selectivity of this kind.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Reforming channel centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 373</p> <p>0.00025 373.048742</p> <p>0.0005 373.2382942</p> <p>0.00075 373.7354626</p> <p>0.001 374.7081362</p> <p>0.00125 376.2548823</p> <p>0.0015 378.3951976</p> <p>0.00175 381.0814232</p> <p>0.002 384.2247405</p> <p>0.00225 387.7222496</p> <p>0.0025 391.465635</p> <p>0.00275 395.3617454</p> <p>0.003 399.3347598</p> <p>0.00325 403.3218552</p> <p>0.0035 407.2775391</p> <p>0.00375 411.1628179</p> <p>0.004 414.9538621</p> <p>0.00425 418.6311751</p> <p>0.0045 422.1828419</p> <p>0.00475 425.6012807</p> <p>0.005 428.8821587</p> <p>0.00525 432.025476</p> <p>0.0055 435.0312325</p> <p>0.00575 437.9015946</p> <p>0.006 440.6398117</p> <p>0.00625 443.2502165</p> <p>0.0065 445.7371415</p> <p>0.00675 448.1049195</p> <p>0.007 450.3600492</p> <p>0.00725 452.5057803</p> <p>0.0075 454.5475284</p> <p>0.00775 456.4896262</p> <p>0.008 458.3374895</p> <p>0.00825 460.0954509</p> <p>0.0085 461.7689261</p> <p>0.00875 463.3600816</p> <p>0.009 464.874333</p> <p>0.00925 466.3149298</p> <p>0.0095 467.6862047</p> <p>0.00975 468.9924902</p> <p>0.01 470.2348696</p> <p>0.01025 471.4176754</p> <p>0.0105 472.5441571</p> <p>0.01075 473.6175642</p> <p>0.011 474.6389798</p> <p>0.01125 475.6138198</p> <p>0.0115 476.5431672</p> <p>0.01175 477.4302716</p> <p>0.012 478.276216</p> <p>0.01225 479.0831669</p> <p>0.0125 479.8543736</p> <p>0.01275 480.5909193</p> <p>0.013 481.2938872</p> <p>0.01325 481.9665268</p> <p>0.0135 482.6099212</p> <p>0.01375 483.2251535</p> <p>0.014 483.8143901</p> <p>0.01425 484.377631</p> <p>0.0145 484.9170424</p> <p>0.01475 485.4347907</p> <p>0.015 485.930876</p> <p>0.01525 486.4063812</p> <p>0.0155 486.8623897</p> <p>0.01575 487.3010677</p> <p>0.016 487.721332</p> <p>0.01625 488.1264322</p> <p>0.0165 488.515285</p> <p>0.01675 488.8889736</p> <p>0.017 489.2496644</p> <p>0.01725 489.5962742</p> <p>0.0175 489.9309692</p> <p>0.01775 490.2526664</p> <p>0.018 490.5646152</p> <p>0.01825 490.8646493</p> <p>0.0185 491.1560181</p> <p>0.01875 491.4365554</p> <p>0.019 491.7073443</p> <p>0.01925 491.970551</p> <p>0.0195 492.2250926</p> <p>0.01975 492.472052</p> <p>0.02 492.7114294</p> <p>0.02025 492.9432247</p> <p>0.0205 493.1696042</p> <p>0.02075 493.3884016</p> <p>0.021 493.6017832</p> <p>0.02125 493.8086659</p> <p>0.0215 494.0101329</p> <p>0.02175 494.2072672</p> <p>0.022 494.3989857</p> <p>0.02225 494.5863716</p> <p>0.0225 494.7683417</p> <p>0.02275 494.9470624</p> <p>0.023 495.1214504</p> <p>0.02325 495.2915058</p> <p>0.0235 495.4583118</p> <p>0.02375 495.6218682</p> <p>0.024 495.7810921</p> <p>0.02425 495.9381497</p> <p>0.0245 496.0919577</p> <p>0.02475 496.2425163</p> <p>0.025 496.3898255</p> <p>0.02525 496.5360515</p> <p>0.0255 496.679028</p> <p>0.02575 496.8187551</p> <p>0.026 496.9563158</p> <p>0.02625 497.0927934</p> <p>0.0265 497.2260215</p> <p>0.02675 497.3570834</p> <p>0.027 497.4859789</p> <p>0.02725 497.6137912</p> <p>0.0275 497.7383541</p> <p>0.02775 497.8618338</p> <p>0.028 497.9831472</p> <p>0.02825 498.1033775</p> <p>0.0285 498.2203583</p> <p>0.02875 498.3362559</p> <p>0.029 498.4499873</p> <p>0.02925 498.5637186</p> <p>0.0295 498.6666184</p> <p>0.02975 498.796597</p> <p>0.03 498.88</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Design principles an autothermal chemical reactor with enhanced momentum transport for hydrogen production
<p><strong>Design principles an autothermal chemical reactor with enhanced momentum transport for hydrogen production</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>Chemical engineering is the development of processes and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo changes in their physical or chemical state. Applied throughout the process industries, it is founded on the principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The laws of physical chemistry and physics govern the practicability and efficiency of chemical engineering operations. Energy changes, deriving from thermodynamic considerations, are particularly important. Mathematics is a basic tool in optimization and modeling. Optimization means arranging materials, facilities, and energy to yield as productive and economical an operation as possible. Modeling is the construction of theoretical mathematical prototypes of complex process systems, commonly with the aid of computers. Study of the fundamental phenomena upon which chemical engineering is based has necessitated their description in mathematical form and has led to more sophisticated mathematical techniques. The advent of digital computers has allowed laborious design calculations to be performed rapidly, opening the way to accurate optimization of industrial processes. Variations due to different parameters, such as energy source used, plant layout, and environmental factors, can be predicted accurately and quickly so that the best combination can be chosen.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Reforming channel centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 373.004</p> <p>0.00025 373.049</p> <p>0.0005 373.224</p> <p>0.00075 373.683</p> <p>0.001 374.581</p> <p>0.00125 376.009</p> <p>0.0015 377.985</p> <p>0.00175 380.465</p> <p>0.002 383.367</p> <p>0.00225 386.596</p> <p>0.0025 390.052</p> <p>0.00275 393.649</p> <p>0.003 397.317</p> <p>0.00325 400.998</p> <p>0.0035 404.65</p> <p>0.00375 408.237</p> <p>0.004 411.737</p> <p>0.00425 415.132</p> <p>0.0045 418.411</p> <p>0.00475 421.567</p> <p>0.005 424.596</p> <p>0.00525 427.498</p> <p>0.0055 430.273</p> <p>0.00575 432.923</p> <p>0.006 435.451</p> <p>0.00625 437.861</p> <p>0.0065 440.157</p> <p>0.00675 442.343</p> <p>0.007 444.425</p> <p>0.00725 446.406</p> <p>0.0075 448.291</p> <p>0.00775 450.084</p> <p>0.008 451.79</p> <p>0.00825 453.413</p> <p>0.0085 454.958</p> <p>0.00875 456.427</p> <p>0.009 457.825</p> <p>0.00925 459.155</p> <p>0.0095 460.421</p> <p>0.00975 461.627</p> <p>0.01 462.774</p> <p>0.01025 463.866</p> <p>0.0105 464.906</p> <p>0.01075 465.897</p> <p>0.011 466.84</p> <p>0.01125 467.74</p> <p>0.0115 468.598</p> <p>0.01175 469.417</p> <p>0.012 470.198</p> <p>0.01225 470.943</p> <p>0.0125 471.655</p> <p>0.01275 472.335</p> <p>0.013 472.984</p> <p>0.01325 473.605</p> <p>0.0135 474.199</p> <p>0.01375 474.767</p> <p>0.014 475.311</p> <p>0.01425 475.831</p> <p>0.0145 476.329</p> <p>0.01475 476.807</p> <p>0.015 477.265</p> <p>0.01525 477.704</p> <p>0.0155 478.125</p> <p>0.01575 478.53</p> <p>0.016 478.918</p> <p>0.01625 479.292</p> <p>0.0165 479.651</p> <p>0.01675 479.996</p> <p>0.017 480.329</p> <p>0.01725 480.649</p> <p>0.0175 480.958</p> <p>0.01775 481.255</p> <p>0.018 481.543</p> <p>0.01825 481.82</p> <p>0.0185 482.089</p> <p>0.01875 482.348</p> <p>0.019 482.598</p> <p>0.01925 482.841</p> <p>0.0195 483.076</p> <p>0.01975 483.304</p> <p>0.02 483.525</p> <p>0.02025 483.739</p> <p>0.0205 483.948</p> <p>0.02075 484.15</p> <p>0.021 484.347</p> <p>0.02125 484.538</p> <p>0.0215 484.724</p> <p>0.02175 484.906</p> <p>0.022 485.083</p> <p>0.02225 485.256</p> <p>0.0225 485.424</p> <p>0.02275 485.589</p> <p>0.023 485.75</p> <p>0.02325 485.907</p> <p>0.0235 486.061</p> <p>0.02375 486.212</p> <p>0.024 486.359</p> <p>0.02425 486.504</p> <p>0.0245 486.646</p> <p>0.02475 486.785</p> <p>0.025 486.921</p> <p>0.02525 487.056</p> <p>0.0255 487.188</p> <p>0.02575 487.317</p> <p>0.026 487.444</p> <p>0.02625 487.57</p> <p>0.0265 487.693</p> <p>0.02675 487.814</p> <p>0.027 487.933</p> <p>0.02725 488.051</p> <p>0.0275 488.166</p> <p>0.02775 488.28</p> <p>0.028 488.392</p> <p>0.02825 488.503</p> <p>0.0285 488.611</p> <p>0.02875 488.718</p> <p>0.029 488.823</p> <p>0.02925 488.928</p> <p>0.0295 489.023</p> <p>0.02975 489.143</p> <p>0.03 489.22</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Design principles an autothermal reactor with enhanced mass transfer for hydrogen production
<p><strong>Design principles an autothermal reactor with enhanced mass transfer for hydrogen production</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>Chemical engineers are employed in the design and development of both processes and plant items. In each case, data and predictions often have to be obtained or confirmed with pilot experiments. Plant operation and control is increasingly the sphere of the chemical engineer rather than the chemist. Chemical engineering provides an ideal background for the economic evaluation of new projects and, in the plant construction sector, for marketing. The fundamental principles of chemical engineering underlie the operation of processes extending well beyond the boundaries of the chemical industry, and chemical engineers are employed in a range of operations outside traditional areas. Plastics, polymers, and synthetic fibres involve chemical-reaction engineering problems in their manufacture, with fluid flow and heat transfer considerations dominating their fabrication. The dyeing of a fibre is a mass-transfer problem. Pulp manufacture involve considerations of fluid flow and heat transfer. The nuclear industry makes similar demands on the chemical engineer, particularly for fuel manufacture and reprocessing. Chemical engineers are involved in many sectors of the metals processing industry, which extends from steel manufacture to separation of rare metals.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Reforming channel centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 373.004</p> <p>0.00025 373.059</p> <p>0.0005 373.261</p> <p>0.00075 373.771</p> <p>0.001 374.741</p> <p>0.00125 376.228</p> <p>0.0015 378.219</p> <p>0.00175 380.651</p> <p>0.002 383.434</p> <p>0.00225 386.47</p> <p>0.0025 389.674</p> <p>0.00275 393.013</p> <p>0.003 396.47</p> <p>0.00325 400.02</p> <p>0.0035 403.634</p> <p>0.00375 407.275</p> <p>0.004 410.898</p> <p>0.00425 414.453</p> <p>0.0045 417.9</p> <p>0.00475 421.231</p> <p>0.005 424.454</p> <p>0.00525 427.574</p> <p>0.0055 430.596</p> <p>0.00575 433.522</p> <p>0.006 436.342</p> <p>0.00625 439.041</p> <p>0.0065 441.606</p> <p>0.00675 444.041</p> <p>0.007 446.359</p> <p>0.00725 448.572</p> <p>0.0075 450.693</p> <p>0.00775 452.727</p> <p>0.008 454.676</p> <p>0.00825 456.532</p> <p>0.0085 458.289</p> <p>0.00875 459.952</p> <p>0.009 461.531</p> <p>0.00925 463.036</p> <p>0.0095 464.477</p> <p>0.00975 465.858</p> <p>0.01 467.18</p> <p>0.01025 468.441</p> <p>0.0105 469.635</p> <p>0.01075 470.767</p> <p>0.011 471.843</p> <p>0.01125 472.873</p> <p>0.0115 473.859</p> <p>0.01175 474.805</p> <p>0.012 475.713</p> <p>0.01225 476.579</p> <p>0.0125 477.403</p> <p>0.01275 478.186</p> <p>0.013 478.933</p> <p>0.01325 479.649</p> <p>0.0135 480.337</p> <p>0.01375 480.998</p> <p>0.014 481.634</p> <p>0.01425 482.243</p> <p>0.0145 482.823</p> <p>0.01475 483.376</p> <p>0.015 483.906</p> <p>0.01525 484.415</p> <p>0.0155 484.905</p> <p>0.01575 485.379</p> <p>0.016 485.835</p> <p>0.01625 486.273</p> <p>0.0165 486.692</p> <p>0.01675 487.093</p> <p>0.017 487.477</p> <p>0.01725 487.848</p> <p>0.0175 488.206</p> <p>0.01775 488.553</p> <p>0.018 488.889</p> <p>0.01825 489.212</p> <p>0.0185 489.522</p> <p>0.01875 489.82</p> <p>0.019 490.106</p> <p>0.01925 490.383</p> <p>0.0195 490.651</p> <p>0.01975 490.913</p> <p>0.02 491.168</p> <p>0.02025 491.413</p> <p>0.0205 491.648</p> <p>0.02075 491.875</p> <p>0.021 492.093</p> <p>0.02125 492.306</p> <p>0.0215 492.513</p> <p>0.02175 492.716</p> <p>0.022 492.915</p> <p>0.02225 493.106</p> <p>0.0225 493.291</p> <p>0.02275 493.469</p> <p>0.023 493.642</p> <p>0.02325 493.811</p> <p>0.0235 493.977</p> <p>0.02375 494.141</p> <p>0.024 494.301</p> <p>0.02425 494.456</p> <p>0.0245 494.607</p> <p>0.02475 494.753</p> <p>0.025 494.895</p> <p>0.02525 495.036</p> <p>0.0255 495.174</p> <p>0.02575 495.311</p> <p>0.026 495.446</p> <p>0.02625 495.578</p> <p>0.0265 495.706</p> <p>0.02675 495.831</p> <p>0.027 495.953</p> <p>0.02725 496.074</p> <p>0.0275 496.195</p> <p>0.02775 496.315</p> <p>0.028 496.433</p> <p>0.02825 496.549</p> <p>0.0285 496.661</p> <p>0.02875 496.772</p> <p>0.029 496.881</p> <p>0.02925 496.99</p> <p>0.0295 497.092</p> <p>0.02975 497.232</p> <p>0.03 497.324</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Design principles an autothermal steam reforming chemical reactor with enhanced heat transfer
<p><strong>Design principles an autothermal steam reforming chemical reactor with enhanced heat transfer</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>Heat transfer is any or all of several kinds of phenomena, considered as mechanisms, that convey energy and entropy from one location to another. The specific mechanisms are usually referred to as convection, thermal radiation, and conduction. Conduction involves transfer of energy and entropy between adjacent molecules, usually a slow process. Convection involves movement of a heated fluid, such as air, usually a fairly rapid process. Radiation refers to the transmission of energy as electromagnetic radiation from its emission at a heated surface to its absorption on another surface, a process requiring no medium to convey the energy. thermal conduction, transfer of energy (heat) arising from temperature differences between adjacent parts of a body. Thermal conductivity is attributed to the exchange of energy between adjacent molecules and electrons in the conducting medium. The rate of heat flow in a rod of material is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the rod and to the temperature difference between the ends and inversely proportional to the length; that is the rate equals the ratio of the cross section of the rod to its length, multiplied by the temperature difference and by the thermal conductivity of the material.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Reforming channel centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 373</p> <p>0.00025 373.005</p> <p>0.0005 373.032</p> <p>0.00075 373.127</p> <p>0.001 373.373</p> <p>0.00125 373.864</p> <p>0.0015 374.687</p> <p>0.00175 375.89</p> <p>0.002 377.487</p> <p>0.00225 379.459</p> <p>0.0025 381.763</p> <p>0.00275 384.345</p> <p>0.003 387.146</p> <p>0.00325 390.107</p> <p>0.0035 393.179</p> <p>0.00375 396.314</p> <p>0.004 399.476</p> <p>0.00425 402.634</p> <p>0.0045 405.763</p> <p>0.00475 408.845</p> <p>0.005 411.863</p> <p>0.00525 414.809</p> <p>0.0055 417.674</p> <p>0.00575 420.453</p> <p>0.006 423.144</p> <p>0.00625 425.743</p> <p>0.0065 428.252</p> <p>0.00675 430.67</p> <p>0.007 432.998</p> <p>0.00725 435.239</p> <p>0.0075 437.395</p> <p>0.00775 439.468</p> <p>0.008 441.46</p> <p>0.00825 443.375</p> <p>0.0085 445.215</p> <p>0.00875 446.983</p> <p>0.009 448.682</p> <p>0.00925 450.315</p> <p>0.0095 451.885</p> <p>0.00975 453.393</p> <p>0.01 454.844</p> <p>0.01025 456.239</p> <p>0.0105 457.58</p> <p>0.01075 458.87</p> <p>0.011 460.112</p> <p>0.01125 461.306</p> <p>0.0115 462.457</p> <p>0.01175 463.564</p> <p>0.012 464.631</p> <p>0.01225 465.659</p> <p>0.0125 466.65</p> <p>0.01275 467.605</p> <p>0.013 468.525</p> <p>0.01325 469.414</p> <p>0.0135 470.271</p> <p>0.01375 471.098</p> <p>0.014 471.897</p> <p>0.01425 472.668</p> <p>0.0145 473.413</p> <p>0.01475 474.133</p> <p>0.015 474.829</p> <p>0.01525 475.502</p> <p>0.0155 476.153</p> <p>0.01575 476.783</p> <p>0.016 477.393</p> <p>0.01625 477.983</p> <p>0.0165 478.555</p> <p>0.01675 479.108</p> <p>0.017 479.644</p> <p>0.01725 480.164</p> <p>0.0175 480.669</p> <p>0.01775 481.158</p> <p>0.018 481.633</p> <p>0.01825 482.093</p> <p>0.0185 482.541</p> <p>0.01875 482.975</p> <p>0.019 483.397</p> <p>0.01925 483.808</p> <p>0.0195 484.206</p> <p>0.01975 484.594</p> <p>0.02 484.972</p> <p>0.02025 485.339</p> <p>0.0205 485.696</p> <p>0.02075 486.045</p> <p>0.021 486.384</p> <p>0.02125 486.714</p> <p>0.0215 487.036</p> <p>0.02175 487.35</p> <p>0.022 487.657</p> <p>0.02225 487.956</p> <p>0.0225 488.247</p> <p>0.02275 488.533</p> <p>0.023 488.811</p> <p>0.02325 489.083</p> <p>0.0235 489.349</p> <p>0.02375 489.609</p> <p>0.024 489.864</p> <p>0.02425 490.112</p> <p>0.0245 490.356</p> <p>0.02475 490.595</p> <p>0.025 490.828</p> <p>0.02525 491.057</p> <p>0.0255 491.281</p> <p>0.02575 491.501</p> <p>0.026 491.716</p> <p>0.02625 491.927</p> <p>0.0265 492.134</p> <p>0.02675 492.337</p> <p>0.027 492.536</p> <p>0.02725 492.732</p> <p>0.0275 492.923</p> <p>0.02775 493.111</p> <p>0.028 493.296</p> <p>0.02825 493.477</p> <p>0.0285 493.655</p> <p>0.02875 493.829</p> <p>0.029 494</p> <p>0.02925 494.171</p> <p>0.0295 494.323</p> <p>0.02975 494.536</p> <p>0.03 494.685</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Design considerations for a microchannel reactor with enhanced mass transfer
<p><strong>Design considerations for a microchannel reactor with enhanced mass transfer</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>The yield in each step must be considered. A step in a synthesis may give a very low yield of the desired product. For example, a proportion of the reactant may be converted into a different product by an alternative process that competes with the desired one; some of the product may undergo a subsequent reaction; or some of the product may be lost in the separation processes required for its isolation in a pure state. The yield is usually defined, on a percentage basis, as the number of molecules of product obtained when 100 could in principle have been formed. A yield of about 80 percent or more is generally considered good, but some transformations can prove so difficult to achieve that even a yield of 10 or 20 percent may have to be accepted. The ultimate synthetic goal in a perfect synthesis is to achieve 100 percent atom efficiency, in which all atoms of all reagents are incorporated into the synthesized product without the formation of any by-products. Naturally, the yield of a process affects the cost of the product, because the shortfall from a 100 percent yield represents wasted material. In addition, yield can be of the utmost importance in determining whether a synthesis is a practicable possibility, because the overall yield of a synthesis is the product of the yields of the individual steps. If these intermediate yields are mostly low, the ultimate product may not be obtainable in the necessary amount from the available starting material.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Oxidation channel centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 376.832</p> <p>0.00025 392.68</p> <p>0.0005 412.751</p> <p>0.00075 434.524</p> <p>0.001 453.097</p> <p>0.00125 466.556</p> <p>0.0015 475.414</p> <p>0.00175 481.204</p> <p>0.002 485.533</p> <p>0.00225 489.367</p> <p>0.0025 492.682</p> <p>0.00275 495.234</p> <p>0.003 496.977</p> <p>0.00325 498.017</p> <p>0.0035 498.539</p> <p>0.00375 498.727</p> <p>0.004 498.756</p> <p>0.00425 498.74</p> <p>0.0045 498.705</p> <p>0.00475 498.653</p> <p>0.005 498.578</p> <p>0.00525 498.472</p> <p>0.0055 498.338</p> <p>0.00575 498.177</p> <p>0.006 497.994</p> <p>0.00625 497.814</p> <p>0.0065 497.656</p> <p>0.00675 497.522</p> <p>0.007 497.408</p> <p>0.00725 497.306</p> <p>0.0075 497.202</p> <p>0.00775 497.09</p> <p>0.008 496.981</p> <p>0.00825 496.893</p> <p>0.0085 496.829</p> <p>0.00875 496.779</p> <p>0.009 496.736</p> <p>0.00925 496.693</p> <p>0.0095 496.644</p> <p>0.00975 496.588</p> <p>0.01 496.547</p> <p>0.01025 496.536</p> <p>0.0105 496.546</p> <p>0.01075 496.564</p> <p>0.011 496.578</p> <p>0.01125 496.579</p> <p>0.0115 496.566</p> <p>0.01175 496.551</p> <p>0.012 496.554</p> <p>0.01225 496.589</p> <p>0.0125 496.646</p> <p>0.01275 496.706</p> <p>0.013 496.754</p> <p>0.01325 496.783</p> <p>0.0135 496.794</p> <p>0.01375 496.801</p> <p>0.014 496.828</p> <p>0.01425 496.889</p> <p>0.0145 496.974</p> <p>0.01475 497.058</p> <p>0.015 497.125</p> <p>0.01525 497.169</p> <p>0.0155 497.194</p> <p>0.01575 497.214</p> <p>0.016 497.255</p> <p>0.01625 497.333</p> <p>0.0165 497.433</p> <p>0.01675 497.53</p> <p>0.017 497.608</p> <p>0.01725 497.661</p> <p>0.0175 497.694</p> <p>0.01775 497.724</p> <p>0.018 497.775</p> <p>0.01825 497.865</p> <p>0.0185 497.976</p> <p>0.01875 498.083</p> <p>0.019 498.168</p> <p>0.01925 498.227</p> <p>0.0195 498.268</p> <p>0.01975 498.303</p> <p>0.02 498.361</p> <p>0.02025 498.457</p> <p>0.0205 498.573</p> <p>0.02075 498.683</p> <p>0.021 498.772</p> <p>0.02125 498.835</p> <p>0.0215 498.878</p> <p>0.02175 498.918</p> <p>0.022 498.979</p> <p>0.02225 499.076</p> <p>0.0225 499.193</p> <p>0.02275 499.303</p> <p>0.023 499.392</p> <p>0.02325 499.455</p> <p>0.0235 499.5</p> <p>0.02375 499.54</p> <p>0.024 499.599</p> <p>0.02425 499.692</p> <p>0.0245 499.801</p> <p>0.02475 499.903</p> <p>0.025 499.985</p> <p>0.02525 500.043</p> <p>0.0255 500.083</p> <p>0.02575 500.119</p> <p>0.026 500.169</p> <p>0.02625 500.246</p> <p>0.0265 500.336</p> <p>0.02675 500.42</p> <p>0.027 500.487</p> <p>0.02725 500.533</p> <p>0.0275 500.563</p> <p>0.02775 500.588</p> <p>0.028 500.621</p> <p>0.02825 500.672</p> <p>0.0285 500.732</p> <p>0.02875 500.787</p> <p>0.029 500.829</p> <p>0.02925 500.855</p> <p>0.0295 500.867</p> <p>0.02975 500.868</p> <p>0.03 500.866</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Design considerations for a microchannel reactor with enhanced heat exchange
<p><strong>Design considerations for a microchannel reactor with enhanced heat exchange</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>The range of compounds that are capable of being synthesized is essentially limitless. In practice, the synthesis of a preselected compound is made possible by particular functional groups undergoing transformations that, while they are dependent on the conditions applied to the compound, are largely independent of the structure of the remaining part of the molecule. Thus, the combination of knowledge of the structure of the compound to be synthesized and knowledge of the general types of transformation that compounds undergo enables a synthesis to be planned. The general approach, cut to its barest essentials, is to examine the structure of the desired end product, for example, Z, and to deduce the structure of some (slightly simpler) compound, for example, Y, that should be capable of transformation into Z by a reaction of known type. A possible precursor of Y is sought in similar manner, and in this way the chain of compounds is extended until a compound, A, is reached that is available for the work; the necessary transformations, beginning with A and ending with Z, are then carried out. Most individual steps in the sequence result in a change in only one bond; some result in changes in two bonds at a time, but it is unusual for more extensive changes to occur. Three factors must be borne in mind when evaluating a particular synthetic plan. The first is cost, of far greater importance in industrial, large-scale synthesis than in laboratory work in which a particular synthesis may be carried out only once, as in the total synthesis of a naturally occurring compound, and which in any case is likely to be on a relatively small scale. The environmental impact of chemical syntheses has become an important consideration. Syntheses or processes that have a benign environmental impact, whether by use of safe and commonly available reagents or by minimization of environmentally harmful waste products, have become an essential feature of so-called green chemistry.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Wall centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 500.833</p> <p>0.00025 500.875</p> <p>0.0005 500.984</p> <p>0.00075 501.151</p> <p>0.001 501.398</p> <p>0.00125 501.596</p> <p>0.0015 501.59</p> <p>0.00175 501.381</p> <p>0.002 501.019</p> <p>0.00225 500.671</p> <p>0.0025 500.451</p> <p>0.00275 500.322</p> <p>0.003 500.264</p> <p>0.00325 500.192</p> <p>0.0035 500.016</p> <p>0.00375 499.729</p> <p>0.004 499.362</p> <p>0.00425 499.035</p> <p>0.0045 498.826</p> <p>0.00475 498.699</p> <p>0.005 498.636</p> <p>0.00525 498.571</p> <p>0.0055 498.439</p> <p>0.00575 498.235</p> <p>0.006 497.976</p> <p>0.00625 497.75</p> <p>0.0065 497.616</p> <p>0.00675 497.551</p> <p>0.007 497.543</p> <p>0.00725 497.54</p> <p>0.0075 497.484</p> <p>0.00775 497.371</p> <p>0.008 497.215</p> <p>0.00825 497.081</p> <p>0.0085 497.016</p> <p>0.00875 497.008</p> <p>0.009 497.051</p> <p>0.00925 497.101</p> <p>0.0095 497.108</p> <p>0.00975 497.065</p> <p>0.01 496.98</p> <p>0.01025 496.909</p> <p>0.0105 496.89</p> <p>0.01075 496.918</p> <p>0.011 496.991</p> <p>0.01125 497.073</p> <p>0.0115 497.114</p> <p>0.01175 497.108</p> <p>0.012 497.064</p> <p>0.01225 497.028</p> <p>0.0125 497.035</p> <p>0.01275 497.082</p> <p>0.013 497.172</p> <p>0.01325 497.27</p> <p>0.0135 497.329</p> <p>0.01375 497.346</p> <p>0.014 497.326</p> <p>0.01425 497.309</p> <p>0.0145 497.329</p> <p>0.01475 497.386</p> <p>0.015 497.483</p> <p>0.01525 497.587</p> <p>0.0155 497.656</p> <p>0.01575 497.684</p> <p>0.016 497.677</p> <p>0.01625 497.673</p> <p>0.0165 497.701</p> <p>0.01675 497.763</p> <p>0.017 497.862</p> <p>0.01725 497.969</p> <p>0.0175 498.043</p> <p>0.01775 498.079</p> <p>0.018 498.082</p> <p>0.01825 498.086</p> <p>0.0185 498.121</p> <p>0.01875 498.187</p> <p>0.019 498.289</p> <p>0.01925 498.399</p> <p>0.0195 498.479</p> <p>0.01975 498.523</p> <p>0.02 498.536</p> <p>0.02025 498.55</p> <p>0.0205 498.591</p> <p>0.02075 498.662</p> <p>0.021 498.767</p> <p>0.02125 498.88</p> <p>0.0215 498.965</p> <p>0.02175 499.017</p> <p>0.022 499.04</p> <p>0.02225 499.065</p> <p>0.0225 499.113</p> <p>0.02275 499.188</p> <p>0.023 499.296</p> <p>0.02325 499.412</p> <p>0.0235 499.502</p> <p>0.02375 499.561</p> <p>0.024 499.595</p> <p>0.02425 499.628</p> <p>0.0245 499.683</p> <p>0.02475 499.76</p> <p>0.025 499.865</p> <p>0.02525 499.978</p> <p>0.0255 500.068</p> <p>0.02575 500.13</p> <p>0.026 500.169</p> <p>0.02625 500.207</p> <p>0.0265 500.261</p> <p>0.02675 500.333</p> <p>0.027 500.427</p> <p>0.02725 500.526</p> <p>0.0275 500.604</p> <p>0.02775 500.658</p> <p>0.028 500.692</p> <p>0.02825 500.722</p> <p>0.0285 500.765</p> <p>0.02875 500.818</p> <p>0.029 500.885</p> <p>0.02925 500.95</p> <p>0.0295 500.998</p> <p>0.02975 501.026</p> <p>0.03 501.035</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Process intensification in a chemical reactor with enhanced mass transfer for hydrogen production
<p><strong>Process intensification in a chemical reactor with enhanced mass transfer for hydrogen production</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>Chemical synthesis is concerned with the construction of complex chemical compounds from simpler ones. A synthesis usually is undertaken for one of three reasons. The first reason is to meet an industrial demand for a product. For example, ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen and is used to make, among other things, ammonium sulfate, employed as a fertilizer; vinyl chloride is made from ethylene and is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride plastic. In general, a vast range of chemical compounds are synthesized for applications. Second, an enormous number of compounds of considerable molecular complexity occur naturally. The syntheses of these natural products have usually been undertaken in the context of the determination of the structures of the compounds; if a material is deduced to have a particular structure on the basis of its chemical reactions and physical properties, then the discovery that a compound synthesized by an unambiguous method for this structure is identical to the natural product provides confirmation of the validity of the assigned structure. Third, a synthesis may be carried out to obtain a compound of specific structure that does not occur naturally and has not previously been made. This type of synthesis is performed in order to examine the properties of the compound and thereby test theories of chemical structure and reactivity.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Wall centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 501.211</p> <p>0.00025 501.158</p> <p>0.0005 500.999</p> <p>0.00075 500.714</p> <p>0.001 500.254</p> <p>0.00125 499.764</p> <p>0.0015 499.441</p> <p>0.00175 499.3</p> <p>0.002 499.307</p> <p>0.00225 499.312</p> <p>0.0025 499.195</p> <p>0.00275 498.964</p> <p>0.003 498.605</p> <p>0.00325 498.22</p> <p>0.0035 497.936</p> <p>0.00375 497.767</p> <p>0.004 497.696</p> <p>0.00425 497.643</p> <p>0.0045 497.535</p> <p>0.00475 497.367</p> <p>0.005 497.127</p> <p>0.00525 496.875</p> <p>0.0055 496.695</p> <p>0.00575 496.597</p> <p>0.006 496.57</p> <p>0.00625 496.556</p> <p>0.0065 496.505</p> <p>0.00675 496.414</p> <p>0.007 496.275</p> <p>0.00725 496.132</p> <p>0.0075 496.044</p> <p>0.00775 496.017</p> <p>0.008 496.045</p> <p>0.00825 496.079</p> <p>0.0085 496.078</p> <p>0.00875 496.046</p> <p>0.009 495.978</p> <p>0.00925 495.91</p> <p>0.0095 495.887</p> <p>0.00975 495.916</p> <p>0.01 495.987</p> <p>0.01025 496.057</p> <p>0.0105 496.093</p> <p>0.01075 496.099</p> <p>0.011 496.076</p> <p>0.01125 496.056</p> <p>0.0115 496.073</p> <p>0.01175 496.134</p> <p>0.012 496.231</p> <p>0.01225 496.323</p> <p>0.0125 496.38</p> <p>0.01275 496.409</p> <p>0.013 496.413</p> <p>0.01325 496.421</p> <p>0.0135 496.462</p> <p>0.01375 496.541</p> <p>0.014 496.652</p> <p>0.01425 496.755</p> <p>0.0145 496.824</p> <p>0.01475 496.865</p> <p>0.015 496.886</p> <p>0.01525 496.912</p> <p>0.0155 496.967</p> <p>0.01575 497.057</p> <p>0.016 497.176</p> <p>0.01625 497.286</p> <p>0.0165 497.362</p> <p>0.01675 497.414</p> <p>0.017 497.448</p> <p>0.01725 497.486</p> <p>0.0175 497.553</p> <p>0.01775 497.65</p> <p>0.018 497.773</p> <p>0.01825 497.887</p> <p>0.0185 497.968</p> <p>0.01875 498.026</p> <p>0.019 498.069</p> <p>0.01925 498.117</p> <p>0.0195 498.191</p> <p>0.01975 498.292</p> <p>0.02 498.416</p> <p>0.02025 498.53</p> <p>0.0205 498.614</p> <p>0.02075 498.677</p> <p>0.021 498.727</p> <p>0.02125 498.781</p> <p>0.0215 498.859</p> <p>0.02175 498.96</p> <p>0.022 499.08</p> <p>0.02225 499.19</p> <p>0.0225 499.272</p> <p>0.02275 499.334</p> <p>0.023 499.385</p> <p>0.02325 499.44</p> <p>0.0235 499.514</p> <p>0.02375 499.608</p> <p>0.024 499.718</p> <p>0.02425 499.818</p> <p>0.0245 499.892</p> <p>0.02475 499.948</p> <p>0.025 499.992</p> <p>0.02525 500.039</p> <p>0.0255 500.1</p> <p>0.02575 500.178</p> <p>0.026 500.268</p> <p>0.02625 500.349</p> <p>0.0265 500.407</p> <p>0.02675 500.448</p> <p>0.027 500.477</p> <p>0.02725 500.506</p> <p>0.0275 500.545</p> <p>0.02775 500.596</p> <p>0.028 500.656</p> <p>0.02825 500.708</p> <p>0.0285 500.741</p> <p>0.02875 500.757</p> <p>0.029 500.759</p> <p>0.02925 500.755</p> <p>0.0295 500.754</p> <p>0.02975 500.757</p> <p>0.03 500.759</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Process intensification in a methanol steam reforming chemical reactor with enhanced momentum transport
<p><strong>Process intensification in a methanol steam reforming chemical reactor with enhanced momentum transport</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>Consideration must be given to the rate at which each step in the planned sequence occurs. In many instances, a desired reaction is possible in principle but in practice takes place so slowly as to be ineffective. It is then necessary to investigate whether the rate can be increased to a practicable level by altering the conditions of the reaction, for example, by raising the temperature or by adding an extra species, called a catalyst, that increases the rate without altering the course of the reaction.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Oxidation channel centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 376.499</p> <p>0.00025 391.55</p> <p>0.0005 411.347</p> <p>0.00075 432.857</p> <p>0.001 451.349</p> <p>0.00125 465.437</p> <p>0.0015 475.536</p> <p>0.00175 482.591</p> <p>0.002 487.466</p> <p>0.00225 490.805</p> <p>0.0025 493.063</p> <p>0.00275 494.556</p> <p>0.003 495.508</p> <p>0.00325 496.074</p> <p>0.0035 496.366</p> <p>0.00375 496.469</p> <p>0.004 496.424</p> <p>0.00425 496.278</p> <p>0.0045 496.077</p> <p>0.00475 495.832</p> <p>0.005 495.555</p> <p>0.00525 495.26</p> <p>0.0055 494.955</p> <p>0.00575 494.646</p> <p>0.006 494.337</p> <p>0.00625 494.033</p> <p>0.0065 493.735</p> <p>0.00675 493.445</p> <p>0.007 493.164</p> <p>0.00725 492.894</p> <p>0.0075 492.635</p> <p>0.00775 492.386</p> <p>0.008 492.15</p> <p>0.00825 491.925</p> <p>0.0085 491.712</p> <p>0.00875 491.511</p> <p>0.009 491.323</p> <p>0.00925 491.146</p> <p>0.0095 490.98</p> <p>0.00975 490.825</p> <p>0.01 490.682</p> <p>0.01025 490.549</p> <p>0.0105 490.427</p> <p>0.01075 490.314</p> <p>0.011 490.212</p> <p>0.01125 490.119</p> <p>0.0115 490.036</p> <p>0.01175 489.96</p> <p>0.012 489.893</p> <p>0.01225 489.833</p> <p>0.0125 489.781</p> <p>0.01275 489.737</p> <p>0.013 489.699</p> <p>0.01325 489.668</p> <p>0.0135 489.643</p> <p>0.01375 489.624</p> <p>0.014 489.61</p> <p>0.01425 489.603</p> <p>0.0145 489.6</p> <p>0.01475 489.601</p> <p>0.015 489.607</p> <p>0.01525 489.618</p> <p>0.0155 489.632</p> <p>0.01575 489.651</p> <p>0.016 489.673</p> <p>0.01625 489.699</p> <p>0.0165 489.728</p> <p>0.01675 489.76</p> <p>0.017 489.796</p> <p>0.01725 489.834</p> <p>0.0175 489.875</p> <p>0.01775 489.918</p> <p>0.018 489.964</p> <p>0.01825 490.012</p> <p>0.0185 490.063</p> <p>0.01875 490.115</p> <p>0.019 490.169</p> <p>0.01925 490.225</p> <p>0.0195 490.283</p> <p>0.01975 490.343</p> <p>0.02 490.404</p> <p>0.02025 490.467</p> <p>0.0205 490.531</p> <p>0.02075 490.597</p> <p>0.021 490.663</p> <p>0.02125 490.731</p> <p>0.0215 490.8</p> <p>0.02175 490.869</p> <p>0.022 490.94</p> <p>0.02225 491.011</p> <p>0.0225 491.083</p> <p>0.02275 491.155</p> <p>0.023 491.228</p> <p>0.02325 491.301</p> <p>0.0235 491.374</p> <p>0.02375 491.448</p> <p>0.024 491.521</p> <p>0.02425 491.595</p> <p>0.0245 491.668</p> <p>0.02475 491.741</p> <p>0.025 491.813</p> <p>0.02525 491.885</p> <p>0.0255 491.955</p> <p>0.02575 492.025</p> <p>0.026 492.094</p> <p>0.02625 492.161</p> <p>0.0265 492.228</p> <p>0.02675 492.292</p> <p>0.027 492.355</p> <p>0.02725 492.415</p> <p>0.0275 492.474</p> <p>0.02775 492.529</p> <p>0.028 492.583</p> <p>0.02825 492.633</p> <p>0.0285 492.68</p> <p>0.02875 492.724</p> <p>0.029 492.764</p> <p>0.02925 492.801</p> <p>0.0295 492.832</p> <p>0.02975 492.863</p> <p>0.03 492.881</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Process intensification in a chemical reactor with enhanced heat exchange
<p><strong>Process intensification in a chemical reactor with enhanced heat exchange</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>A reactor, in chemical engineering, is a device or vessel within which chemical processes are carried out for experimental or manufacturing purposes. Reactors range in size and complexity from small, open kettles fitted with simple stirrers and heaters to large, elaborate vessels equipped with jackets or internal coils for heating or cooling, nozzles or ports for adding and removing materials, sources of ultraviolet radiation or electrical energy, specially designed agitators or scrapers, and strong walls and tight seals to permit operation at high or low pressures. In many cases, these reactors are provided with instruments that measure temperature, pressure, pH, or other properties of the contents. They are constructed of materials selected for strength and resistance to attack by the substances being processed. For certain processes that are particularly adaptable to continuous operation, reactors are devised so that the chemical reaction may continue for weeks or months while starting materials are introduced continuously or intermittently and the finished product is removed in a steady stream or in periodic discharges. Scale of temperature is a methodology of calibrating the physical quantity temperature in metrology. Empirical scales measure temperature in relation to convenient and stable parameters, such as the freezing and boiling point of water. Absolute temperature is based on thermodynamic principles: using the lowest possible temperature as the zero point, and selecting a convenient incremental unit.</p> <p>Streamwise distance (millimeters), Wall centerline temperature (degrees kelvin)</p> <p>0 498.195</p> <p>0.00025 498.22</p> <p>0.0005 498.261</p> <p>0.00075 498.266</p> <p>0.001 498.214</p> <p>0.00125 498.105</p> <p>0.0015 497.946</p> <p>0.00175 497.745</p> <p>0.002 497.508</p> <p>0.00225 497.244</p> <p>0.0025 496.958</p> <p>0.00275 496.655</p> <p>0.003 496.34</p> <p>0.00325 496.017</p> <p>0.0035 495.69</p> <p>0.00375 495.362</p> <p>0.004 495.035</p> <p>0.00425 494.711</p> <p>0.0045 494.392</p> <p>0.00475 494.081</p> <p>0.005 493.776</p> <p>0.00525 493.48</p> <p>0.0055 493.194</p> <p>0.00575 492.917</p> <p>0.006 492.651</p> <p>0.00625 492.395</p> <p>0.0065 492.151</p> <p>0.00675 491.917</p> <p>0.007 491.694</p> <p>0.00725 491.483</p> <p>0.0075 491.283</p> <p>0.00775 491.094</p> <p>0.008 490.917</p> <p>0.00825 490.751</p> <p>0.0085 490.596</p> <p>0.00875 490.451</p> <p>0.009 490.318</p> <p>0.00925 490.194</p> <p>0.0095 490.081</p> <p>0.00975 489.978</p> <p>0.01 489.883</p> <p>0.01025 489.798</p> <p>0.0105 489.721</p> <p>0.01075 489.652</p> <p>0.011 489.591</p> <p>0.01125 489.538</p> <p>0.0115 489.492</p> <p>0.01175 489.453</p> <p>0.012 489.421</p> <p>0.01225 489.395</p> <p>0.0125 489.374</p> <p>0.01275 489.36</p> <p>0.013 489.35</p> <p>0.01325 489.346</p> <p>0.0135 489.347</p> <p>0.01375 489.353</p> <p>0.014 489.362</p> <p>0.01425 489.376</p> <p>0.0145 489.394</p> <p>0.01475 489.415</p> <p>0.015 489.44</p> <p>0.01525 489.469</p> <p>0.0155 489.5</p> <p>0.01575 489.534</p> <p>0.016 489.571</p> <p>0.01625 489.612</p> <p>0.0165 489.655</p> <p>0.01675 489.7</p> <p>0.017 489.748</p> <p>0.01725 489.798</p> <p>0.0175 489.85</p> <p>0.01775 489.904</p> <p>0.018 489.96</p> <p>0.01825 490.017</p> <p>0.0185 490.076</p> <p>0.01875 490.138</p> <p>0.019 490.2</p> <p>0.01925 490.264</p> <p>0.0195 490.33</p> <p>0.01975 490.396</p> <p>0.02 490.464</p> <p>0.02025 490.533</p> <p>0.0205 490.603</p> <p>0.02075 490.674</p> <p>0.021 490.745</p> <p>0.02125 490.818</p> <p>0.0215 490.891</p> <p>0.02175 490.964</p> <p>0.022 491.038</p> <p>0.02225 491.112</p> <p>0.0225 491.187</p> <p>0.02275 491.262</p> <p>0.023 491.336</p> <p>0.02325 491.411</p> <p>0.0235 491.485</p> <p>0.02375 491.56</p> <p>0.024 491.633</p> <p>0.02425 491.706</p> <p>0.0245 491.778</p> <p>0.02475 491.85</p> <p>0.025 491.92</p> <p>0.02525 491.988</p> <p>0.0255 492.056</p> <p>0.02575 492.122</p> <p>0.026 492.187</p> <p>0.02625 492.249</p> <p>0.0265 492.309</p> <p>0.02675 492.367</p> <p>0.027 492.422</p> <p>0.02725 492.474</p> <p>0.0275 492.524</p> <p>0.02775 492.57</p> <p>0.028 492.612</p> <p>0.02825 492.651</p> <p>0.0285 492.686</p> <p>0.02875 492.717</p> <p>0.029 492.742</p> <p>0.02925 492.764</p> <p>0.0295 492.779</p> <p>0.02975 492.789</p> <p>0.03 492.793</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p>
Penzance Market Cross - Enhanced inscriptions
Penzance Market Cross could date from the 11th century. It has been moved many times, and has suffered much damage along the way. In this 3D scan, the texture of the stone has been removed and enhanced, revealing the detail of the decorations, inscriptions and damage. There has been much discussion in the past over the meaning of the inscriptions and decorations, notably from R. A. S. Macalister and Prof Charles Thomas. The Celtic Inscribed Stones Project draws together what was known about the stone until the late 1990s: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/cisp/database/stone/pnzan_1.html The cross now lays permanently outside Penlee House Gallery and Museum in Penzance. The geometry has been decimated to allow sharing here. If you download and us the data, please credit Tom Goskar and link here, as per the Creative Commons licence. There are hints of letters and decorations yet to be recorded, and there is much to be done on understanding this enigmatic stone. Please let me know of any new readings. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Enhanced Kinase Dictionaries associated with KinDER: A Biocuration Tool for Extracting Kinase Knowledge from Biomedical Literature
<p>This zip file contains Kinase dictionaries used for annotating documents with KinDER described in the following paper: </p> <p>Dopp, Daniel, Adam Morrone, and Indika Kahanda. "KinDER: A Biocuration Tool for Extracting Kinase Knowledge from Biomedical Literature." <em>Proceedings of the BioCreative VI Workshop</em>. 2017.</p>
Vimentin supports cell polarization by enhancing centrosome function and microtubule acetylation
<p>Cell polarity is important for controlling cell shape, motility, and cell division processes. Vimentin intermediate filaments are important for cell migration and cell polarization in mesenchymal cells and assembly of vimentin and microtubule networks is dynamically coordinated, but the precise details of how vimentin mediates cell polarity remain unclear. Here, we characterize the effects of vimentin on the structure and function of the centrosome and the stability of microtubule filaments in wild-type and vimentin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs). We find that vimentin mediates the structure of the pericentrosomal material, promotes centrosome-mediated microtubule regrowth, and increases the level of stable acetylated microtubules in the cell. Loss of vimentin also impairs centrosome repositioning during cell polarization and migration processes that occur during wound closure. Our results suggest that vimentin modulates centrosome structure and function as well as microtubule network stability, which has important implications for how cells establish proper cell polarization and persistent migration.</p>
2D Cell Instance Segmentation Dataset of Master Thesis "Enhancing Cell Instance Segmentation in 3D Microscopy using Self-Supervised ViTs"
<p>This is the 2D cell instance segmentation dataset of master thesis "Enhancing Cell Instance Segmentation in 3D Microscopy using Self-Supervised ViTs". The data is originally from the BBBC038 dataset for the Kaggle 2018 Data Science Bowl. We keep the images with annotations and the final dataset comprises 670 images in the training set and 171 images in the test set. We also converted the dataset to MSCOCO format for convenience.</p>
Enhancing Full Waveform Inversion of Field GPR Data: A Source-Independent Approach with Dynamic Reference Selection via SE-Wave-U-Net
<p>Data presented in the manuscript titled 'Enhancing Full Waveform Inversion of Field GPR Data: A Source-Independent Approach with Dynamic Reference Selection via SE-Wave-U-Net'</p>
3D Cell Instance Segmentation Dataset of Master Thesis "Enhancing Cell Instance Segmentation in 3D Microscopy using Self-Supervised ViTs"
<p>This is the 3D cell instance segmentation dataset of master thesis "Enhancing Cell Instance Segmentation in 3D Microscopy using Self-Supervised ViTs". The data is originally from the BBBC027 dataset comprising 30 sets of 3D image sets with high SNR level of quality. Because only the 4 to 100 slides of every 3D image set are annotated and the main difference between annotated and unannoated slides are the brightness, to avoiding misunderstanding by the algorithms, we removed the unannotated slides and separate every slide as individual images. We also converted the dataset to MSCOCO format for convenience.</p>
Supporting Data for pyCSEP: An Enhanced Python Toolkit for Earthquake Forecast Developers
<p>Contains the reproducibility package for pyCSEP: An Enhanced Python Toolkit for Earthquake Forecast Developers</p> <p>Please view the README.md in this archive for instructions on how to run the reproducibility package.</p> <p>The source code for pyCSEP used in this reproducibility package can be viewed on GitHub <a href="https://github.com/SCECcode/pycsep/releases/tag/v0.5.2">here</a>.</p>
Рис. 10. Блок-схема фиЗико-статистического прогноЗа уроЖайности спата приморского гребешка. in Review of methods for the forecast of mollusk's spat productivity in sea-farms of Primorye and probable ways of their enhancement
Рис. 10. Блок-схема фиЗико-статистического прогноЗа уроЖайности спата приморского гребешка.
Fire, elephants, and climate legacies enhance savanna resistance while impeding resilience
<p>Data accompanying the paper:</p> <p>L.M. Vermeulen, B. Verbist, K. Van Meerbeek, J. Slingsby, P.N. Bernardino, B. Somers. 2024. Fire, elephants, and climate legacies enhance savanna resistance while impeding resilience.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.