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1,989 results for “Fires”
Conditional natal dispersal provides a mechanism for populations tracking resource pulses after fire
<p>Animals that persist in spatially structured populations face the challenge of tracking the rise and fall of resources across space and time. To combat these challenges, theory predicts that species should use conditional dispersal strategies that allow them to emigrate from patches with declining resources and colonize new resource patches as they appear. We studied natal dispersal movements in the black-backed woodpecker (<i>Picoides arcticus</i>), a species known for its strong association with recent post-fire forests in western North America. We radio-tracked juveniles originating from seven burned areas and tested hypotheses that environmental and individual factors influence dispersal distance and emigration rates – investigating emigration while additionally accounting for imperfect detection with a novel Bayesian model. We found that juveniles were more likely to leave natal areas and disperse longer distances if they were heavier or hatched in older burned areas where resources are increasingly scarce. Juveniles were also more likely to leave their natal burn if they hatched in a nest closer to the fire perimeter. While dispersing across the landscape, black-backed woodpeckers selected for burned forest relative to unburned available habitat. Together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that black-backed woodpecker populations track resource pulses across fire-prone landscapes, with conditional natal dispersal acting as a mechanism for locating and colonizing newly burned areas. Lending empirical support to theoretical predictions, our findings suggest that changes in resource distribution may shape dispersal patterns and, consequently, the distribution and persistence of spatially structured populations. </p>
Season of prescribed fire determines grassland restoration outcomes after fire exclusion and overgrazing
<p>Fire exclusion and mismanaged grazing are globally important drivers of environmental change in mesic C<sub>4</sub> grasslands and savannas. Although interest is growing in prescribed fire for grassland restoration, we have little long-term experimental evidence of the influence of burn season on the recovery of herbaceous plant communities, encroachment by trees and shrubs, and invasion by exotic grasses. We conducted a prescribed fire experiment (seven burns between 2001 and 2019) in historically fire-excluded and overgrazed grasslands of central Texas. Sites were assigned to one of four experimental treatments: summer burns (warm season, lightning season), fall burns (early cool season), winter burns (late cool season), or unburned (fire exclusion). To assess restoration outcomes of the experiment, in 2019, we identified old-growth grasslands to serve as reference sites. Herbaceous-layer plant communities in all experimental sites were compositionally and functionally distinct from old-growth grasslands, with little recovery of perennial C<sub>4</sub> grasses and long-lived forbs. Unburned sites were characterized by several species of tree, shrub, and vine; summer sites were characterized by certain C<sub>3</sub><span> </span>grasses and forbs; and fall and winter sites were intermediate in composition to the unburned and summer sites. Despite compositional differences, all treatments had comparable plot-level plant species richness (range 89–95 species/1000 m<sup>2</sup>). At the local-scale, summer sites (23 species/m<sup>2</sup>) and old-growth grasslands (20 species/m<sup>2</sup>) supported greater richness than unburned sites (15 species/m<sup>2</sup>), but did not differ significantly from fall or winter sites. Among fire treatments, summer and winter burns most consistently produced the vegetation structure of old-growth grasslands (e.g., mean woody canopy cover of 9%). But whereas winter burns promoted the invasive grass<span> </span><i>Bothriochloa ischaemum</i><span> </span>by maintaining areas with low canopy cover, summer burns simultaneously limited woody encroachment and controlled<span> </span><i>B. ischaemum</i><span> </span>invasion. Our results support a growing body of literature that shows that prescribed fire alone, without the introduction of plant propagules, cannot necessarily restore old-growth grassland community composition. Nonetheless, this long-term experiment demonstrates that prescribed burns implemented in the summer can benefit restoration by preventing woody encroachment while also controlling an invasive grass. We suggest that fire season deserves greater attention in grassland restoration planning and ecological research.</p>
Data from: Rapid post-fire re-assembly of species-rich bryophyte communities in Afroalpine heathlands
<p>Questions: In some fire-prone ecosystems, bryophytes play a crucial role by providing the surface fuel that controls the fire-return interval. Afroalpine heathlands are such an ecosystem, yet almost nothing is known about the bryophytes in this system. We do not know the level of species richness, or if there is a successive accumulation of species over time, or if some species are adapted to specific phases along the successional gradient, for example early-successional species sensitive to competition.</p> <p>Location: Afroalpine heathlands in Ethiopia</p> <p>Methods: We made an inventory of all bryophytes in 48 plots of 5 x 5 m, distributed along a chronosequence from 1 to 25 years post-fire. The heathlands are located around 3500-3800 m asl, and are managed by traditional pasture burning with fire intervals of around 8-20 years.</p> <p>Results: We found in total 111 taxa of bryophytes. Post-fire mortality was almost 100%. The youngest plots had only a few cosmopolitan species often found after fire. Species richness increased monotonically and seemed to start levelling off at around 15 years after fire, when many plots had around 30 species and a high cover of Breutelia diffracta, which is a key ground-living species, important as surface fuel. Most species were found with sporophytes, a pattern even stronger for the most frequent species.</p> <p><span>Conclusions:</span> Interestingly, bryophyte diversity is already remarkably high by only 15 years after total eradication. The relatively slow accumulation of species in the first years suggest that dispersal in space, and not time, is the major mechanism by which sites regain their diversity (i.e. spore banks play a small role). This indicates that the high species richness is built up through colonization from surrounding heathlands, and perhaps also from higher altitude alpine grasslands and lower altitude forests, and that the bryophyte diversity in this system is maintained by the traditional fire and grazing management.</p>
Tabular summary of global drivers of fire
<p>CSV file containing global drivers of fire. It is a global data set with monthly data on a 0.25 degree grid from the years 2003 to 2016. (Note that for some parameters data for the year 2016 is missing).</p> <p>It is generally understood that fire regimes are closely linked to vegetation, climate and human activities. Thus we used the following variables (sources are in brackets[]): <br> #Climate:<br> #Max Temperature in degree C (TMax) [Climatic Research Unit (CRU)]<br> #Diurnal temperature range in degree C (DTR) [Climatic Research Unit (CRU)]<br> #Number of wet days (NrWetDays) in days [Climatic Research Unit (CRU)]<br> #Potential evapotranspiration (PET) [Climatic Research Unit (CRU)]<br> #Precipitation in mm [Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)]</p> <p>#Land cover / Vegetation (all fractional data (0-1) except LAI):<br> #Fraction of absorbed Photosynthetic Active Radiation (fPAR) [Climate change initiative ESA (CCI)]<br> #Leaf area index in m^2/m^2 (LAI) [Climate change initiative ESA (CCI)]<br> #Fraction of tree land cover (LC_Tree) [Climate change initiative ESA (CCI)]<br> #Fraction of shrub land cover (LC_Shrub) [Climate change initiative ESA (CCI)]<br> #Fraction of crop land cover (LC_Crop) [Climate change initiative ESA (CCI)]<br> #Fraction of herbs land cover (LC_Herbs) [Climate change initiative ESA (CCI)]<br> #Fraction of bare land cover (LC_Bare) [Climate change initiative ESA (CCI)]</p> <p>#Anthropogenic influences:<br> #Road density in m/km^2 [Global Roads Inventory Project (GRIP)]<br> #Population density in inhabitants/km^2 (PopDensity) [History database of the Global Environment (HYDE)]<br> #Distance to urban population in m (DistUrbPop) [History database of the Global Environment (HYDE)]<br> #Indigenous Peoples land (IDL) as categorical variable IDL, No IDL (IDL_Layer) [Garnett et al. 2018: "A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation"]. Not included!!</p> <p>#Response variables:<br> #Presence/Absence of fire Global fire atlas [Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4), Global fire atlas]. Not included, can be derived from the data set.<br> #Fire size in km^2 [Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4), Global fire atlas]<br> #Fire duration in days [Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4), Global fire atlas]<br> #Fire ignitions [Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4), Global fire atlas]</p> <p>#regional filters<br> #Biomes [Olson et al. 2001: "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth]<br> #Continents [Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) from ArcGIS]<br> #GFED [Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4)]</p> <p>#All data except the data on Indigenous Peoples land is freely available and was uploaded. Data on Indigenous Peoples land can be requested by the authorship team of Garnett et al. (2018. Nature Sustainability, 1, 369, doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0100-6)</p>
Fire recurrence and time since last fire interact to determine the supply of multiple ecosystem services by Mediterranean forests
<p>Wildfires shape the composition and functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems, but we do not know how these ecosystems respond to both the higher fire recurrence and shorter recovery times expected for future climatic scenarios. We sampled 29 plots with different fire recurrences (from 0 to 4 fires over the past decades) and time since the last fire (up to 35 years; hereafter TSLF) in Southeast Spain, to assess the effect of fire recurrence and TSLF on 25 ecosystem attributes, five related ecosystem services (biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, disturbance regulation, food production, and supporting services), plus the synergies and trade-offs between them. High fire recurrence (number of fires) and TSLF interacted to determine ecosystem services but did not affect the synergies and trade-offs between them. Fire recurrence reduced many ecosystem functions and ecosystem multifunctionality. However, this effect dampened, and even became positive, for biodiversity conservation and food production services provided enough (> 20 years) time to recover. The combined effects of fire recurrence and TSLF, however, reduced carbon sequestration and had no overall effects on supporting services. Disturbance regulation, in turn, diminished drastically with the first fire, with no effect of further fires or their interaction with TSLF. Our results show which ecosystem services will suffer more from an increase in fire recurrence, and where restoration and management efforts should focus to maximize the provision of those services more demanded by stakeholders.</p>
Model data for "Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500-m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)"
<p>500 m fire carbon emissions and burned area as part of the publication:</p> <p>"Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500-m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)"</p> <p>Dave van Wees<sup>1</sup>, Guido R. van der Werf<sup>1</sup>, James T. Randerson<sup>2</sup>, Brendan M. Rogers<sup>3</sup>, Yang Chen<sup>2</sup>, Sander Veraverbeke<sup>1</sup>, Louis Giglio<sup>4</sup>, and Douglas C. Morton<sup>5</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands<br><sup>2</sup>Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA<br><sup>3</sup>Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA<br><sup>4</sup>Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA<br><sup>5</sup>Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</p> <p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>UPDATE OF DATASET TO 2023:</strong></p> <p>This dataset has now been extended to 2023. Since the first release of this dataset, multiple updates to the model input data have been made:</p> <p>- Update from MODIS C6 to MODIS C6.1 for all MODIS input data, including MCD12Q1 land cover types, MCD14ML active fires, MCD15A2H fPAR, MOD44B VCF, MOD44W land-water mask, and MCD64A1 burned area.<br>- Update of Hansen forest loss data from v1.9 to v1.11.<br>- Update of GLEAM evaporative stress data from v3.6b to v3.7b.<br>- Extension of ERA5-land data to 2023.<br>- Addition of land cover type layers to the 500-m resolution data files.</p> <p> </p> <p>Files contain 500-m (per MODIS tile) and 0.25 degree aggregated (global grid) carbon emissions and burned area from biomass burning for 2002-2022, as part of the paper "Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500-m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)" published in Geoscientific Model Development (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022). 500-m resolution files include land cover type grids. 0.25 degree global grid files also include biome partitioning and accompanying biome fractional cover grids.</p> <p>Zip archives with filenames "500m_YYYY.zip" contain annual files named "Model500m_2002-2023yr_h##v##_YYYY.nc", which are the 500-meter resolution model results per MODIS tile using the MODIS sinusoidal projection. Carbon emission data layers are:</p> <p>- Total biomass burning carbon emissions from aboveground; g C m<sup>-2</sup> month<sup>-1</sup> (/MOD_Grid/emissions/C_AG_TOT)</p> <p>- Total biomass burning carbon emissions from belowground; g C m<sup>-2</sup> month<sup>-1</sup> (/MOD_Grid/emissions/C_BG_TOT)</p> <p>- Fire-related forest loss carbon emissions from aboveground; g C m<sup>-2</sup> month<sup>-1</sup> (/MOD_Grid/emissions/C_AG_FL)</p> <p>- Fire-related forest loss carbon emissions from belowground; g C m<sup>-2</sup> month<sup>-1</sup> (/MOD_Grid/emissions/C_BG_FL)</p> <p>Total emissions are calculated as: C_AG_TOT + C_BG_TOT. Total fire-related forest loss emissions are calculated as: C_AG_FL + C_BG_FL.</p> <p>Burned area data layers are:</p> <p>- Total burned area; fraction of 500-m grid cell per month (/MOD_Grid/burned_area/BA_TOT)</p> <p>- Burned area from fire-related forest loss; fraction of 500-m grid cell per month (/MOD_Grid/burned_area/BA_FL)</p> <p>The Zip archive with filename "025d_2002_2023.zip" contains annual files named "Model500m_2002-2023yr_025d_YYYY.nc", which are the 500-m model results aggregated to a 0.25 degree global lat-lon grid. These files contain the same variables as the 500-m files, but aggregated to 0.25 degree resolution (MOD_CMG025). Furthermore, these files include biome partitioning of emissions and burned area (MOD_CMG025BIOME) and provide accompanying biome fractional cover grids for all 20 biomes (variable 'biomes'). Biomes are listed in detail in Table S1 of the van Wees et al. (2022) paper. The biomes 'water', 'snow/ice' and 'barren' were excluded from Table S1 because of their negligible share, but are included in the files provided here for completeness.</p>
Model code for "Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500-m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)"
<p>500 m fire carbon emissions model code as part of the publication:</p> <p>"Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500-m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)"</p> <p>Dave van Wees<sup>1</sup>, Guido R. van der Werf<sup>1</sup>, James T. Randerson<sup>2</sup>, Brendan M. Rogers<sup>3</sup>, Yang Chen<sup>2</sup>, Sander Veraverbeke<sup>1</sup>, Louis Giglio<sup>4</sup>, and Douglas C. Morton<sup>5</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands<br> <sup>2</sup>Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA<br> <sup>3</sup>Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA<br> <sup>4</sup>Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA<br> <sup>5</sup>Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</p> <p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022</p> <p> </p> <p>Developed in Python version 2.7.16. Please note, this code is meant to give a general overview of the model structure and not to fully reproduce the model results with the push of one button. The full model code is much more complex to account for various simulation scenarios and relies on numerous large input datasets that all require extensive preprocessing. By omitting these complexities, we tried to make this script as understandable as possible. In case your goal is to reproduce the model in detail, please contact the first author to discuss the possibilities.</p>
Long-term fire and vegetation change in northwestern Amazonia
<p>Amazonian forest plots are used to quantify biodiversity and carbon sequestration, and provide the foundation for much of what is known about tropical ecology. Many plots are assumed to be undisturbed, but recent work suggests that past fire, forest openings, and cultivation created vegetation changes that have persisted for decades to centuries (ecological legacies). The Yasuní Forest Dynamics plot is one of the most biodiverse places on earth, yet its human history remains unknown. Here, we use charcoal and phytolith analysis to investigate the fire and vegetation history of the Yasuní forest plot, and compare results with nearby forest plots in Colombia (Amacayacu) and Peru (Medio Putumayo-Algodón (MPA)) to explore the spatial variability of past disturbances and ecological legacies in northwestern Amazonia. Three 14C dated charcoal fragments provided evidence for a modern (1956 CE) and a past fire event ca. 750 years ago at Yasuní, compared with fire ages of 1000-1600 years ago documented at Amacayacu and MPA. Small-scale disturbances and localized canopy-openings also occurred in the Yasuní plot. Phytolith assemblages from Yasuní and Amacayacu showed more variability in past vegetation change than MPA. Low-intensity, non-continuous disturbances occurred at all three plots in the past, and our results highlight the variability of past human activities both in space and time in northwestern Amazonia. Our data also suggest that post-Columbian human disturbances from the Rubber Boom (AD 1850-1920) and subsequent oil exploration have likely left stronger ecological legacies than those left by pre-Columbian peoples in our studied regions.</p>
Research gaps limit understanding of invasion-fire cycles
<p>These files provide the data underlying our publication that reviews what is currently known about plant invasion-fire cycles, including complete lists of all papers and the data we gathered from them.</p>
Resistance of termite mounds to variation in long-term fire regimes across semi-arid African savannas
<p>1. Fire regimes are expected to change with climate change, resulting in a crucial need to understand the specific ways in which variable fire regimes impact important contributors to ecosystem functioning, such as mound-building termites. Termite mounds and fire are both important agents of savanna ecosystem heterogeneity and functioning, but there is little understanding of how they interact across savanna types. 2. We used very high-resolution LiDAR remote sensing to measure the size, density, and distribution of termite mounds across approximately 1,300 ha of experimental burn plots in four South African savanna landscapes representing a wide range of fire treatments differing in seasonality and frequency of burning. 3. In nutrient-poor granitic savannas, fire had no impact on termite mound size, densities, and spatial distributions. In nutrient-rich basaltic savannas with high mammalian herbivore abundance and intermediate rainfall, very frequent fires caused a decrease in termite mound size, whereas in arid nutrient-rich basaltic savannas, fires that occurred at intermediate frequencies and in transitional seasons (i.e., late dry season and late wet season) decreased the degree of spatial overdispersal exhibited by mounds. 4. Overall, our results suggest that termite mounds are resistant to variation in fire seasonality and frequency, likely indicating that ecosystem services provided by mound-building termites will be unaffected by changing fire regimes. However, consideration of changes to termite mound size and distribution could be necessary for land managers in specific savanna types, such as nutrient-rich soils with high mammalian herbivore abundance.</p>
Relevant data for numerical simulation of Xiangjiao post-fire debris flow
<p>This is a data set used for numerical simulation analysis of post-fire debris flow in Xiangjiao catchment, Sichuan Province, including the original rainfall data on the day of the debris flow event, the interpolated rainfall data, and some relevant experimental data. If you have any questions in the process of using these data, you can contact the email: 622200090027@mails.cqjtu.edu.cn.</p>
Walk 2: Kajbar, 3 March 2017: Images & text (belongs to: Ille & Salah 2022, Walking on fire)
<p>Text and images from a self-reflective walk conducted in frame of research on date palm fires in Sudan's Northern State. Georeference: N19° 56.882' E30° 32.553.</p>
Walk 3a: Difoinarti, 4 March 2017: Images & text (belongs to: Ille & Salah 2022, Walking on fire)
<p>Text and images from a walking interview conducted in frame of research on date palm fires in Sudan's Northern State. Translated from original Sudanese Arabic by author. Georeference: N19°57.026940' E30°29.081760'.</p>
Walk 3b: Difoinarti, 19 September 2017: Images & text (belongs to: Ille & Salah 2022, Walking on fire)
<p>Text and images from a walking interview conducted in frame of research on date palm fires in Sudan's Northern State. Translated from original Sudanese Arabic by author. Georeference: N19°57.026940' E30°29.081760'.</p>
Data for: Using a demographic model to project the long-term effects of fire management on tree biomass in Australian savannas
<p>Tropical savannas are characterised by high primary productivity and high fire frequency, such that much of the carbon captured by vegetation is rapidly returned to the atmosphere. Hence, there have been suggestions that management-driven reductions in savanna fire frequency and/or severity could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sequester carbon in tree biomass. However, a key knowledge gap is the extent to which savanna tree biomass will respond to modest shifts in fire regimes due to plausible, large-scale management interventions. Here, we: (1) characterise relationships between the frequency and severity of fires and key demographic rates of savanna trees, based on long-term observations in vegetation monitoring plots across northern Australia; (2) use these relationships to develop a process-explicit demographic model describing the effects of fire on savanna tree populations; and (3) use the demographic model to address the question: to what extent is it feasible, through the strategic application of prescribed burning, to increase tree biomass in Australian tropical savannas? Our long-term tree monitoring dataset included observations of 12,344 tagged trees in 236 plots, monitored for between 3 and 24 years. Analysis of this dataset showed that frequent high-severity fires significantly reduced savanna tree recruitment, survival and growth. Our demographic model suggested that: (1) despite the negative effects of frequent high-severity fires on demographic rates, savanna tree biomass appears to be suppressed by only a relatively small amount by contemporary fire regimes, characterised by a mix of low- to high-severity fires; and (2) plausible, management-driven reductions in the frequency of high-severity fires are likely to lead to increases in tree biomass of about 11.0 t DM ha<sup>–1</sup> (95% confidence interval: -1.2–20.8) over a century. Accounting for this increase in carbon storage could generate significant carbon credits, worth on average three times those generated annually by current greenhouse gas (methane and nitrous oxide) abatement projects, and has the potential to significantly increase the economic viability of fire/carbon projects, thereby promoting ecologically sustainable management of tropical savannas in Australia and elsewhere. This growing industry has the potential to bring much-needed economic activity to savanna landscapes, without compromising important natural and cultural values.</p>
Madagascar's fire regimes challenge global assumptions about landscape degradation
<p><span><span>Fire and environmental dataset (2003 - 2019) for Phelps et al. (2022, Global Change Biology). <br>Associated manuscript abstract: Narratives of landscape degradation are often linked to unsustainable fire use by local communities.</span><span> Madagascar is a case in point: the island is considered globally exceptional, with its remarkable endemic biodiversity seen as threatened by unsustainable anthropogenic </span><span>fire. Yet, fire regimes on Madagascar have not been empirically characterised or globally contextualised. Here, we apply a comparative approach using MODIS remote sensing data (2003-2019), to determine relationships between Madagascar's fire regimes and global patterns and trends. We demonstrate that Madagascar's fire regimes are similar to 88% of tropical burned area, with shared climate and vegetation characteristics. Therefore, rather than a global exception, Madagascar's fire regimes could usefully be understood as a microcosm of most tropical fire regimes, which contribute to global understanding of fire. We found that landscape-scale fire declined in grassy biomes across the tropics, and at a relatively fast rate on Madagascar. The island's high tree loss anomalies (1.25 to 4.77x the tropical average) were not explained by any general expansion of grassy biome burning and were centred in forests rather than at forest-savanna boundaries, demonstrating that high rates of forest degradation were not explained by landscape-scale fire escaping from savannas into forests. Associated with forests, landscape-scale fire trends reflected important differences among tropical regions, indicating a need to better understand regional variation in the anthropogenic drivers of change. Unexpectedly, the highest tree loss anomalies on Madagascar were centred in environments </span><span>without </span><span>landscape-scale fire, where the role of small-scale fires (<21ha) is unknown. Madagascar's fire regimes thus contribute two lessons with global implications: first, landscape-scale burning is declining in grassy biomes across the tropics and does not explain high tree loss anomalies on Madagascar. Second, landscape-scale fire is not uniformly associated with forest loss, indicating a need for more socio-ecological context around narratives of tropical fire and ecosystem degradation. </span></span></p>
Biophysic and socioeconomic drivers of burned area and carbon emissions from fires in the Pantropical tropical dry forests
<p><span>The global burned area declined by nearly one-quarter between 1998 and 2015. Drylands contain a large proportion of these global fires but there are important differences within the drylands, e.g., savannas and tropical dry forests (TDF). Savannas, a biome fire-prone and fire-adapted, have reduced the burned area, while the fire in the TDF is one of the most critical factors impacting biodiversity and carbon emissions. Moreover, under climate change scenarios TDF is expected to increase its current extent and raise the risk of fires. Despite regional and global scale effects, and the influence of this ecosystem on the global carbon cycle, little effort has been dedicated to studying the influence of climate (seasonality and extreme events) and socioeconomic conditions of fire regimen in TDF. Here we use the Global Fire Emissions Database and, climate and socioeconomic metrics to better understand long-term factors explaining the variation in burned area and biomass in TDF at the Pantropical scale. On average, fires affected 1.4% of the total TDF' area (60,208 km<sup>2</sup>) and burned 24.4% (259.6 Tg) of the global burned biomass annually at Pantropical scales. Climate modulators largely influence local and regional fire regimes. Inter-annual variation in fire regime is shaped by El Niño and La Niña. During El Niño and the forthcoming year of La Niña, there is an increment in extension (35.2 and 10.3%) and carbon emissions (42.9 and 10.6%). Socioeconomic indicators such as land management and population were modulators of the size of both, burned area and carbon emissions. Moreover, fires may reduce the capability to reach the target of "half protected species" in the globe, i.e., high-severity fires are recorded in ecoregions classified as nature could reach half protected. These observations may contribute to improving fire management.</span></p>
JULES ISIMIP2b fire data
<p>© Crown Copyright, Met Office</p> <p>JULES model output data, driven with four Earth System Models according to ISIMIP2b protocol. The model simulations include fire, as detailed in Mathison et al (2022). The variables here are those used for the burnt area and land carbon analysis, for the paper "Fire weakens land carbon sinks before 1.5℃"</p> <p>The accompanying data is made available under the terms of the Non-Commercial Government Licence (https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/non-commercial-government-licence/version/2/)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Reference: Mathison, C., Burke, E., Hartley, A. J., Kelley, D. I., Burton, C., Robertson, E., Gedney, N., Williams, K., Wiltshire, A., Ellis, R. J., Sellar, A., and Jones, C.: Description and Evaluation of the JULES-ES setup for ISIMIP2b, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1196, 2022.</p>
Dataset: A three-dimensional approach to general plant fire syndromes
<p>1. Plant fire syndromes are usually defined as combinations of fire response traits, the most common being resprouting (R) and seeding (S). Plant flammability (F), on the other hand, refers to a plant's effects on communities and ecosystems. Despite its important ecological and evolutionary implications, F has rarely been considered to define plant fire syndromes and, if so, usually separated from response syndromes.</p> <p>2. We propose a three-dimensional model that combines R, S and F, encapsulating both plant response to fire regimes and the capacity to promote them. Each axis is divided into three possible standardized categories, reflecting low, medium and high values of each variable, with a total of 27 possible combinations of R, S and F.</p> <p>3. We hypothesized that different fire histories should be reflected in the position of species within the three-dimensional space and that this should help assess the importance of fire as an evolutionary force in determining R-S-F syndromes.</p> <p>4. To illustrate our approach we compiled information on the fire syndromes of 24 dominant species of different growth forms from the Chaco seasonally-dry forest of central Argentina, and we compared them to 33 species from different Mediterranean-type climate ecosystems (MTCEs) of the world.</p> <p>5. Chaco and MTCEs species differed in the range (seven syndromes vs. thirteen syndromes, respectively) and proportion of extreme syndromes (i.e. species with extreme values of R, S and/or F) representing 29% of species in the Chaco vs. 45% in the MTCEs.</p> <p>6. Additionally, we explored the patterns of R, S and F of 4032 species from seven regions with contrasting fire histories, and found significantly higher frequencies of extreme values (predominantly high) of all three variables in MTCEs compared to the other regions, where intermediate and low values predominated, broadly supporting our general hypothesis.</p> <p>7. The proposed three-dimensional approach should help standardize comparisons of fire syndromes across taxa, growth forms and regions with different fire histories. This will contribute to the understanding of the role of fire in the evolution of plant traits and assist vegetation modelling in the face of changes in fire regimes.</p>
Dataset for: Efficacy of prescribed fire as a fuel reduction treatment in the Colorado Front Range
<p>Prescribed fires are an important management tool for reducing fuels and returning fire to the landscape. However, rarely are changes in fuels fully quantified using pre- to post-prescribed fire measurements, and those studies that do exist show variable results. In the southern Rockies, little literature exists on the impacts of prescribed fires, thus we examined multiple prescribed fires in northern Colorado to understand fire effects and changes in fuel complexes. Most prominently, prescribed fires influenced litter, duff, and rotten coarse woody debris but did not influence other surface fuels. Crown base height increased and tree density decreased, while basal area was relatively unimpacted. Season of burning impacted fire effects as substrate burn severity, bole char, and crown volume scorched were highest in summer and fall. Continued monitoring of prescribed fires is critical to understand the influence of prescribed fire on wildfires and ultimately improving prescribed fire outcomes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.