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5,371 results for “Flow”
Dataset for On the Tunability of Toxicity for Viologen-Derivatives as Anolyte for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
<p>Dataset of the results published in ChemSusChem 10.1002/cssc.202300626. Viologen-derivatives are the most widely used redox organic molecules for neutral pH negative electrolyte of redox flow batteries. However, the long-established toxicity of the herbicide methyl-viologen raises concern for deployment of viologen-derivatives at large scale in flow batteries. Herein, we demonstrate the radically different cytotoxicity and toxicology of a series of viologen-derivatives in in vitro assays using model organisms representative of human and environmental exposure, namely human lung carcinoma epithelial cell line (A549) and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results show that safe viologen derivatives can be molecularly engineered, representing a promising family of negolyte materials for neutral redox flow batteries</p>
Dataset from Reese et al.: "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" - PART 1
<p>Model data from the numerical setup of the tidal Elbe presented in Reese et al. (2023): "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" [1]</p><p>PART 1</p><p>Each file contains data for a full month, as given through the file naming convention: description.YYYYMMDD.nc4</p><p>The numerical model uses terrain-following sigma coordniates, with sigma level 0 being the bottommost layer.</p><p>Certain variables are also given in salinity class bins of dimension salt_s instead of vertical coordinates.</p><p>Explanation of each data type:</p><ul><li> 2D_elv_all: Spatially resolved simulated surface elevation from 08/2012 to 12/2013: Tidal analysis Fig. 4, Table 1 (simulated surface elevation vs. time)<ul><li>5 min snapshots</li></ul></li><li>Elbe_dia_getm_all: Diahaline analysis Fig. 8, 11: on-line GETM computation of u_dia,z^S in September 2012 and June 2013<ul><li>44700s temporal resolution (M2 tidal period); averaged over each period</li></ul></li><li>Elbe_TEF_mean_all: Total Exchange Flow analysis in September 2012 and June 2013, Fig.s 7, 8<ul><li>1-hourly averages</li></ul></li><li>Mixing_mean_all: Physical and numerical Mixing from 08/2012 to 12/2013. Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11<ul><li>44700s temporal resolution (M2 tidal period); averaged over each period</li></ul></li><li>ST_stations: Surface elevation at given location for comparison with observational data at named station from 08/2012 to 12/2013<ul><li>5 min snapshots</li></ul></li><li>SST_stations: Salinity and temperature at given location for comparison with observational data at named station from 08/2012 to 12/2013; Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Table 2<ul><li>30-min snapshots</li></ul></li></ul><p> </p><p>[1] L. Reese, U. Graewe, K. Klingbeil, X. Li, M. Lorenz, H. Burchard, 2023:</p><p> Local mixing determines spatial structure of diahaline exchange flow in a</p><p> mesotidal estuary – a study of extreme runoff conditions.</p><p> J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press.</p>
Dataset from Reese et al.: "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" - PART 2
<p>Model data from the numerical setup of the tidal Elbe presented in Reese et al. (2023): "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" [1]</p><p>PART 2</p><p>Each file contains data for a full month, as given through the file naming convention: description.YYYYMMDD.nc4</p><p>The numerical model uses terrain-following sigma coordniates, with sigma level 0 being the bottommost layer.</p><p>Certain variables are also given in salinity class bins of dimension salt_s instead of vertical coordinates.</p><p>Explanation of each data type:</p><ul><li>Mean_all: Spatially resolved, temporally varying salt distribution in the Elbe estuary: Fig. 6, 10<ul><li>1-hourly averages</li></ul></li></ul><p> </p><p>[1] L. Reese, U. Graewe, K. Klingbeil, X. Li, M. Lorenz, H. Burchard, 2023:</p><p> Local mixing determines spatial structure of diahaline exchange flow in a</p><p> mesotidal estuary – a study of extreme runoff conditions.</p><p> J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press.</p>
Dataset from : Unsteady Analysis of a Pulsating Alternate Flow Pattern in a Radial Vaned Diffuser.
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Flow in fetoplacental-like microvessels in vitro enhances perfusion, barrier function, and matrix stability
<p>Proper placental vascularization is vital for pregnancy outcomes, but assessing it with animal models and human explants has limitations. Here, we present a 3D in vitro model of human placenta terminal villi that includes fetal mesenchyme and vascular endothelium. By co-culturing HUVEC, placental fibroblasts, and pericytes in a macro-fluidic chip with a flow reservoir, we generate fully perfusable fetal microvessels. Pressure-driven flow is crucial for the growth and remodeling of these microvessels, resulting in early formation of interconnected placental-like vascular networks and maintained longevity. Computational fluid dynamics simulations predict shear forces, which increase microtissue stiffness, decrease diffusivity and enhance barrier function as shear stress rises. Mass-spec analysis reveals the deposition of numerous extracellular proteins, with flow notably enhancing the expression of matrix stability regulators, proteins associated with actin dynamics, and cytoskeleton organization. Our model provides a powerful tool for deducing complex in vivo parameters, such as shear stress on developing vascularized placental tissue, and holds promise for unraveling gestational disorders related to the vasculature.</p>
Application of flow cytometry using advanced chromatin analyses for assessing changes in the sperm structure and DNA integrity in a porcine model
<p><span>Chromatin status is critical for sperm fertility. We tested a multivariate approach for studying pig sperm chromatin, aiming to capture the chromatin structure's complexity with a set of quick and simple techniques, not only DNA damage. Sperm doses from 36 boars (3 ejaculates/boar) were analyzed at days 0 and 11 (cooled storage). Analyses were: CASA (motility) and flow cytometry to assess sperm functionality and chromatin structure by SCSA (DNA fragmentation %DFI and chromatin maturity %HDS), monobromobimane (mBBr, tiol status/disulfide bridges between protamines), chromomycin A3 (CMA3, protamination) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG, DNA oxidative damage). Data were analyzed by linear models for effects of boar and storage, correlations, and multivariate analysis as hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). Storage reduced sperm quality parameters, mainly motility, with no critical oxidative stress increases, while chromatin status worsened slightly (%DFI and 8-oxo-dG increased while mBBr MFI and disulfide bridges decreased). Boar significantly affected most chromatin variables except for CMA3, with storage affecting most except %HDS. At day 0, sperm chromatin variables clustered closely, except for CMA3, and %HDS and 8-oxo-dG correlated with many variables (notably, mBBr). After storage, the relation between %HDS and 8-oxo-dG remained, but correlations among other techniques disappeared, and mBBr variables clustered separately. The PCA suggested a considerable influence of mBBr on sample variance, especially regarding storage, with SCSA and 8-oxo-dG affecting between-sample variability. Overall, CMA3 was the least informative, in contrast with results in other species. The combination of DNA fragmentation, DNA oxidation, chromatin compaction, and tiol status seems a good candidate for obtaining a complete picture of the pig sperm nucleus status, raising many questions for future molecular studies and deserving further research to establish its usefulness as fertility predictors in multivariate models. The meaning of CMA3 should be clarified.</span></p>
High quality genomes produced from single MinION flow cells clarify polyploid and demographic histories of critically endangered Fraxinus (ash) species
<p>With populations of threatened and endangered species declining worldwide, efforts are being made to generate high-quality genomic records of these species before they are lost forever. Here, we demonstrate that data from single Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION flow cells can, even in the absence of highly accurate short DNA-read polishing, produce high-quality <em>de novo</em> plant genome assemblies adequate for downstream analyses, such as synteny and ploidy evaluations, paleodemographic analyses, and phylogenomics. This study focuses on three North American ash tree species in the genus <em>Fraxinus</em> (Oleaceae) that were recently added to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List as critically endangered. Our results support a whole genome triplication at the base of the Oleaceae as well as a subsequent whole genome duplication shared by <em>Syringa</em>, <em>Osmanthus</em>, <em>Olea, and Fraxinus</em>. Finally, we demonstrate the use of ONT long-read sequencing data to reveal patterns in demographic history.</p>
Knowledge flows in makerspaces in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia
<p>Dataset for the sample of makerspaces in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia</p>
Data from: Multi-generation genetic contributions of immigrants reveal cryptic elevated and sex-biased effective gene flow within a natural meta-population
<p>Impacts of immigration on micro-evolution and population dynamics fundamentally depend on net rates and forms of resulting gene flow into recipient populations. Yet, the degrees to which observed rates and sex ratios of physical immigration translate into multi-generational genetic legacies have not been explicitly quantified in natural meta-populations, precluding inference on how movements translate into effective gene flow and eco-evolutionary outcomes. Our analyses of three decades of complete song sparrow (<em>Melospiza melodia</em>) pedigree data show that multi-generational genetic contributions from regular natural immigrants substantially exceeded those from contemporary natives, consistent with heterosis-enhanced introgression. Further, while contributions from female immigrants exceeded those from female natives by up to three-fold, male immigrants' lineages typically went locally extinct soon after arriving. Both the overall magnitude, and the degree of female bias, of effective gene flow therefore greatly exceeded those which would be inferred from observed physical arrivals, reshaping the eco-evolutionary implications of immigration.</p>
Data for: A novel and enhanced calibration of the tilting weir as a flow measurement structure
<p>To achieve reliable and equitable water distribution it is necessary to accurately estimate the volumetric discharge of water flow through rivers and canals. One such method of accomplishing this is by using hydraulic structures, such as the tilting weir. This structure not only can be used to measure the discharge of water on a continuous basis, but also allows for regulating the water level upstream of the structure. Presently, tilting weirs are often used to control water levels, but the literature on their utilization as flow measurement structures has remained sparse. This study presents a thorough analysis of laboratory experiments on scaled models of tilting weirs, where the flow depth upstream of the structure (i.e., head) and the inclination angle are used to calibrate an equation to estimate the discharge to a high degree of accuracy. Operational guidelines to ensure minimum uncertainty in measurement are also given.</p> <p>The data published here include head and discharge measurements for all experiments conducted, including information on the experimental location, date, and model dimensions. Publication of this data is intended to allow other researchers to verify the calibration procedure laid out in the primary article, and as a comparative dataset for future calibrations.</p>
Dataset of paper "Predicting the size of silver nanoparticles synthesised in flow reactors: Coupling population balance models with fluid dynamic simulations"
<p>Dataset of paper "Predicting the size of silver nanoparticles synthesised in flow reactors: Coupling population balance models with fluid dynamic simulations"</p>
Data for: Experiment on hydrodynamic characteristics of plunging flows in bedrock canyon bends
<p>The dataset is about the hydrodynamic characteristics of plunging flows in bedrock bends. The dataset includes raw data of bed topography of the Ciping Reservoir canyon section of Jinghe River and the bed of the flume experiments, flow field along the center profiles of plain- and undulating-beds conditions, and the bed shear stress of plain- and undulating-beds conditions.</p>
Dataset: Flow and Turbulence due to Wood Contribute to Declogging of Gravel Bed
<div> <p>This dataset includes flow measurements and results from image analysis of channel bed and cores using flume experiments conducted at the Nepf Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at MIT.</p> <p> </p> </div>
Precision and bias in dynamic light scattering optical coherence tomography measurements of diffusion and flow
<p>This repository contains raw data and analysis routines of the publication <strong>“<em>Precision and bias in dynamic light scattering optical coherence tomography measurements of diffusion and flow</em>”</strong> in Biomedical Optics Express (doi.org/10.1364/BOE.505847<em>). </em>The reader is free to use the scripts and data in this depository if the manuscript is correctly cited in their work. For further questions, feel free to contact the corresponding author. Python 3.7 was used for programming. Kindly note that simulating autocorrelation functions from extensive time series data, especially with a high repetition rate, can be time-consuming, often requiring more than 5-10 minutes. Despite parallelized processing routines for the measurement data, the full analysis may still take up to an hour. Please restart the kernel and run the code again if the parallelization fails.</p> <p>For the diffusion measurement under static conditions, there is only one file. However, for experiments involving both flowing and diffusing particles, the dataset comprises diffusion calibration, focus (beam shape) calibration, and flow measurement files. Due to the upload size limitations of the Zenodo repository, only the flow measurements corresponding to one discharge rate have been uploaded. Furthermore, only the non-dilute flow dataset has been uploaded for the same reason. However, for the dilute flow, the analysis logic remains the same, but users will need to utilize the complete g2 formula outlined in Section 2.2 of our article. All file names are sufficiently descriptive, showing whether it is diffusion, focus (waist) calibration or flow measurement. To conduct the analysis, it's essential to have information regarding the time series length (number of A-scans), the number of repeats (B-scans), and the acquisition rate.</p> <p>The results are plotted at the end of our analysis routines. The parameters are displayed as a function of depth. Users can readily compute the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at each depth by utilizing the fitted autocorrelation amplitudes. Occasionally, the fitted amplitudes may surpass unity. In such instances, users can assume an extremely high (even infinite) SNR.</p> <div> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Name</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Parameters</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Diffusion_03032023.oct</p> </td> <td> <p>Diffusion measurement file.</p> </td> <td> <p>Na=4096, Nb=1100, 5.5 kHz</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Diffusion_07032023.oct</p> </td> <td> <p>Diffusion calibration file for flow measurement.</p> </td> <td> <p>Na=4096, Nb=10, 36 kHz</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Waist_07032023.oct</p> </td> <td> <p>Beam waist calibration file for flow measurement.</p> </td> <td> <p>Na=4096, Nb=40, 36 kHz</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Q=2_07032023.oct</p> </td> <td> <p>Flow measurement file for a discharge rate of 2 ml/min.</p> </td> <td> <p>Na=4096, Nb=1000, 36 kHz</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Chirp.data</p> </td> <td> <p>File containing k-interpolation data.</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>ReadOCTFile.py</p> </td> <td> <p>Written by Jos de Wit, this module reads and imports spectra from raw OCT files.</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Data_processing.py</p> </td> <td> <p>This module contains all analysis, simulation and processing routines.</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Simulation_diffusion.py</p> </td> <td> <p>This script is for simulating and fitting g1 and g2 from diffusive particles.</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Simulation_flow.py</p> </td> <td> <p>This script is for simulating and fitting g1 and g2 from flowing and diffusive particles.</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Diffusion_parallel.py</p> </td> <td> <p>This script is for analyzing static diffusion measurements performed using Thorlabs Ganymede OCT system.</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Flow_parallel.py</p> </td> <td> <p>This script is for analyzing flow measurements performed using Thorlabs Ganymede OCT system.</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p>
Supplementary information for: The artefactual branch effect and phylogenetic conflict: Species delimitation with gene flow in mangrove pit vipers (Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus-erythrurus complex)
<p>Mangrove pit vipers of the <em>Trimeresurus</em> <em>purpureomaculatus</em>-<em>erythrurus</em> complex are the only species of viper known to naturally inhabit mangroves. Despite serving integral ecological functions in mangrove ecosystems, the evolutionary history, distribution, and species boundaries of mangrove pit vipers remain poorly understood, partly due to overlapping distributions, confusing phenotypic variations, and the lack of focused studies. Here, we present the first genomic study on mangrove pit vipers and introduce a robust hypothesis-driven species delimitation framework that considers gene flow and phylogenetic uncertainty in conjunction with a novel application of a new class of speciation-based delimitation model implemented through the program Delineate. Our results showed that gene flow produced phylogenetic conflict in our focal species and substantiated the artefactual branch effect where highly admixed populations appear as divergent nonmonophyletic lineages arranged in a stepwise manner at the basal position of clades. Despite the confounding effects of gene flow, we were able to obtain unequivocal support for the recognition of a new species based on the intersection and congruence of multiple lines of evidence. This study demonstrates that an integrative hypothesis-driven approach predicated on the consideration of multiple plausible evolutionary histories, population structure/ differentiation, gene flow, and the implementation of a speciation-based delimitation model can effectively delimit species in the presence of gene flow and phylogenetic conflict.</p>
Datasets of synthetic task flow graphs for evaluating a latency/energy optimization task allocation framework
<p>These datasets of synthetic task flow graphs were generated to evaluate the performance and scalability of an optimal task allocation approach for applications of various structures and sizes in an environment following the edge/hub/cloud paradigm. The system under study comprised an edge device (e.g., a single-board computer attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)) interacting with a hub device (e.g., a laptop), which in turn communicated with a more computationally capable cloud server. The objective was the minimization of either overall latency or overall energy consumption, under memory, storage, energy, and task precedence constraints. We considered that a percentage of the tasks required fixed allocation on the edge or hub device.<br> <br>We generated 18 task flow graphs of parallel, serial, and mixed (a combination of parallel and serial) structure with 10, 100, and 1000 nodes, and various in/out degrees, utilizing the Task Graphs For Free (TGFF) random task graph generator [1],[2]. Additional task parameters (e.g., execution time, power consumption, memory, storage, output data size) were included post-generation, using representative random values. More details are provided in README.txt and in [3].<br> <br>Note: These datasets are released under a Creative Commons Attribution license. If you utilize these datasets in your work, please cite us using the corresponding Zenodo DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10654551.<br> <br>References:<br>[1] R. P. Dick, D. L. Rhodes, and W. Wolf, "TGFF: Task graphs for free," Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Hardware/Software Codesign (CODES/CASHE), 1998, pp. 97-101, doi: 10.1109/HSC.1998.666245.<br>[2] R. P. Dick, D. L. Rhodes, and K. Vallerio, "TGFF," https://robertdick.org/projects/tgff/.<br>[3] A. Kouloumpris, G. L. Stavrinides, M. K. Michael, and T. Theocharides, "An optimization framework for task allocation in the edge/hub/cloud paradigm," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 155, pp. 354-366, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.future.2024.02.005.</p>
Accurate Flow Decomposition via Robust Integer Linear Programming
<p>Dataset created using Poisson distribution to generate imperfect flow .</p> <p>March 2024 - Update: It contains the original graph, the ground truth and the imperfect flow used for inexact and robust flow decompositions.</p>
Food Flows of a Surplus Food Cafe Dataset
<p>Appendix Data to<em> A Pre and Post Analysis of Food and Carbon Flows of a Surplus Food Café initiative.</em></p>
Data from: Hybrids of two destructive subterranean termites established in the field, revealing a potential for gene flow between species
<p>Hybridization between invasive pest species may lead to significant genetic and economic impacts that require close monitoring. The two most invasive and destructive termite species worldwide, <em>Coptotermes formosanus</em> Shiraki and <em>Coptotermes gestroi</em> (Wasmann), have the potential for hybridization in the field. A three-year field survey conducted during the dispersal flight season of <em>Coptotermes</em> in Taiwan identified alates with atypical morphology, which were confirmed as hybrids of the two <em>Coptotermes</em> species using microsatellite and mitochondrial analyses. Out of 27,601 alates collected over three years, 4.4% were confirmed as hybrid alates, and some advanced hybrids (>F1 generations) were identified. The hybrid alates had a dispersal flight season that overlapped with the two parental species 13 out of 15 times. Most of the hybrid alates were females, implying that mating opportunities beyond F1 may primarily be possible through female hybrids. However, the incipient colony growth results from all potential mating combinations suggest that only backcross colonies with hybrid males could sometimes lead to brood development. The observed asymmetrical viability and fertility of hybrid alates may critically reduce the probability of advanced-hybrid colonies being established in the field.</p>
S1_Flow_Cytometry_Data
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