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2,118 results for “Metal”
Data used for the paper Andres Parra-Puerto, Kai Ling NG, Kieran Fahy, Angela E Goode, Mary P. Ryan, and Anthony Kucernak Supported Transition Metal Phosphides: Activity Survey for HER, ORR, OER and Corrosion Resistance in Acid and Alkaline Electrolytes ACS Catalysis, 2019 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03359
<p>This is an updated version of the spreadsheet which corrects the first version which had the wrong datasets provided for figure 2 c and d (ORR) </p> <p> </p> <p>The data in this spreadsheet was used to produce the figures in the paper</p> <p>Andres Parra-Puerto, Kai Ling NG, Kieran Fahy, Angela E Goode, Mary P. Ryan, and Anthony Kucernak</p> <p>Supported Transition Metal Phosphides: Activity Survey for HER, ORR, OER and Corrosion Resistance in Acid and Alkaline Electrolytes</p> <p>ACS Catalysis, 2019</p> <p>DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03359Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data</p>
Processes at the soil-root interface determine the different responses of nutrient limitation and metal toxicity in forbs and grasses to nitrogen enrichment
<ol> <li>Nutrient limitation and metal toxicity have been implicated in changes of grassland communities by nitrogen (N) deposition. Belowground processes, especially those at the soil-root interface, play important roles in determining variation in nutrient concentrations in plants. However, few studies have specifically focused on the roles of these processes in mineral-element acquisition in grassland plants in response to N enrichment.</li> <li>Here we investigated the contributions of belowground processes at the soil-root interface to the differential acquisition of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) by forbs and grasses of a temperate steppe in response to N addition by combining field and glasshouse experiments.</li> <li>Nitrogen addition increased the concentrations of both leaf P ([P]) and Mn ([Mn]) and decreased leaf [Ca] of forbs, while it had little effects on leaf concentrations of these elements in grasses. Nitrogen addition led to a higher activity of acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere of forb, and greater release of protons and carboxylates from forb roots than grass roots, contributing to the differential [P], [Ca] and [Mn] in leaves of forbs and grasses. Applying oxalate to soil to simulate the release of carboxylates by N enrichment enhanced [P] and [Mn], and decreased [Ca] in the soil solution. However, addition of hydrogen-ion increased [P], [Mn] and [Ca] in the soil solution. Lime addition mitigated the N addition-induced soil acidification, while it did not abolish the stimulatory effect of short-term N addition on leaf [P] and [Mn] of forbs. Therefore, we conclude that differences in the ecophysiological processes at the soil-root interface account for changes in leaf [P], [Ca] and [Mn] under short-term N addition, and that soil acidification aggravates the responses of these elements, especially [Ca] and [Mn], to long-term N enrichment.</li> <li><span>Synthesis: Our results highlight the contribution of belowground processes, especially those at the soil-root interface, to variation in plant element concentrations between dominant forbs and grasses in the temperate steppe. These findings greatly enhance our mechanistic understanding of the effects of N deposition on grassland communities.</span></li> </ol>
Dataset associated to Untangling cooperative effects of pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen sites at metal-free N-doped carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
<p>This dataset contains the raw data for the published article "Untangling Cooperative Effects of Pyridinic and Graphitic Nitrogen Sites at Metal‐Free N‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction". The dataset contains Electrochemistry, RAMAN and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measures. This publication has emanated from research conducted with the financial support of Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No. 13/CDA/2213. J.A.B. acknowledges support from the Irish Research Council under Grant No. GOIPG/2014/399. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreements No. 748968 (FREMAB) and 799175 (HiBriCarbon). The results of this publication reflect only the authors' view and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.</p>
Data and Scripts for "Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Implementation of Electronic Circular Dichroism Applied to Nanoscale Metal-Organic Clusters"
<p>The xyz files were used for the ECD calculation in the paper :https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.08560<br> gsrun.py: ground-state calculation<br> td_calc.py: time -propagation for ECD<br> cdspecX.py: get rotatory strength for plotting</p>
Percutaneous transhepatic or endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage in malignant distal bile duct obstruction using a metal stent: study protocol for a prospective European multicentre trial (PUMa trial)
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage [PTBD] is still universally used in patients with malignant distal bile duct obstruction when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] is not successful or not possible to perform. However, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage [EUS-BD] was associated with better clinical success and a lower rate of adverse events (AE) in recent comparative studies, although further improvements in the PTBD technique, such as primary stent implantation as a one-step procedure, percutaneous ultrasound-guided bile duct puncture and left-sided bile duct access, were not considered. The aim of this study is to compare both procedures carried out as intended one-step procedures with primary metal stent insertion.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>The PUMa trial is an ongoing European non-randomized, controlled, parallel group, non-inferiority multicentre trial. Fourteen study centres perform only one of the two procedures with regard to the best local experience. PTBD is performed as a one-step procedure with primary metal stent insertion after percutaneous ultrasound-guided bile duct access. EUS-BD is performed as a one-step procedure using the EUS-guided trans-gastric or trans-duodenal access route for trans-gastric trans-hepatic (EUS-HGS), trans-duodenal (EUS-CDS) or antegrade trans-papillary (EUS-AGS) metal stent insertion. The main target values are the technical and clinical success rates, AEs within 30 days and overall disease-specific survival within 6 months. The calculated total number of cases is 212 patients.</p> <p><strong>Discussion:</strong></p> <p>The PUMa trial investigates whether PTBD is not inferior to EUS-BD in terms of technical and clinical success if primary metal stent insertion is performed as a one-step procedure in both procedures. Differences are expected in the quantity and variety of AEs, number of re-interventions and length of hospital stay.</p> <p><strong>Trial Registration</strong>: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03546049 (date of registration 22.05.2018)</p>
Marabou Stork Stable Isotope and Trace Metal Data
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We compared diets of marabou storks <i><span><span>Leptoptilos crumenifer</span></span></i> foraging from urban landfills and natural areas in northern Botswana using stable isotope analyses and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on moulted feathers. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
NMR spectroscopy of coin cell batteries with metal casings
<p>Raw NMR data in Bruker format for experiments on coin cells with metal casings.</p> <p>Operando experiment on COTS cell: 20201112-LiAlCell3/19</p>
Data from: Data for: Variation in animal personality traits across a metal pollution gradient in a free-living songbird
Anthropogenic contaminants could alter traits central to animal behavioral types, or personalities, including aggressiveness, boldness and activity level. Lead and other toxic metals are persistent inorganic pollutants that affect organisms worldwide. Metal exposure can alter behavior by affecting neurology, endocrinology, and health. However, the direction and magnitude of the behavioral effects of metal exposure remain equivocal. Moreover, the degree to which metal exposure simultaneously affects suites of correlated behavioral traits (behavioral syndromes) that are controlled by common mechanisms remains unclear, with most studies focusing on single behaviors. Using a model species for personality variation, the great tit (Parus major), we explored differences in multiple behavioral traits across a pollution gradient where levels of metals, especially lead and cadmium, are elevated close to a smelter. We employed the novel environment exploration test, a proxy for variation in personality type, and also measured territorial aggressiveness and nest defense behavior. At polluted sites birds of both sexes displayed slower exploration behavior, which could reflect impaired neurological or physiological function. Territorial aggression and nest defense behavior were individually consistent, but did not vary with proximity to the smelter, suggesting that metal exposure does not concurrently affect exploration and aggression. Rather, exploration behavior appears more sensitive to metal pollution. Effects of metal pollution on exploration behavior, a key animal personality trait, could have critical effects on fitness.
Data from: The bacterial community structure and functional profile in the heavy metal contaminated paddy soils,surrounding a nonferrous smelter in South Korea
The pollution of agricultural soils by the heavy metals affects the productivity of the land and has an impact on the quality of the surrounding ecosystems. The present study investigated the bacterial community structure in the heavy metal contaminated sites along a smelter and a distantly located paddy field to elucidate the factors that are related to the alterations of the bacterial communities under the conditions of heavy metal pollution. Among the study sites, the bacterial communities in the soil did not show any significant differences in their richness and diversity. The soil bacterial communities at the three study sites were distinct from one another at each site, possessing a distinct set of bacterial phylotypes. Among the study sites, significant changes were observed in the abundances of the bacterial phyla and genera. The variations in the bacterial community structure were mostly related to the general soil properties at the phylum level, while at the finer taxonomic levels, the concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were the significant factors, affecting the community structure. The relative abundances of the genera Desulfatibacillum and Desulfovirga were negatively correlated to the concentrations of As, Pb, and cadmium (Cd) in the soil, while the genus Bacillus was positively correlated to the concentrations of As and Cd. According to the results of the prediction of bacterial community functions, the soil bacterial communities of the heavy metal polluted sites were characterized by the more abundant enzymes, involved in DNA replication and repair, translation, transcription, and the nucleotide metabolism pathways, while the amino acid and lipid metabolism, as well as the biodegradation potential of xenobiotics, were reduced. Our results showed that the adaptation of the bacterial communities to the heavy metal contamination was predominantly attributed to the replacement process, while the changes in community richness were linked to the variations in the soil pH values.
Data from: Ecological selection of siderophore-producing microbial taxa in response to heavy metal contamination
Some microbial public goods can provide both individual and community-wide benefits, and are open to exploitation by non-producing species. One such example is the production of metal-detoxifying siderophores. Here, we investigate whether conflicting selection pressures on siderophore production by heavy metals – a detoxifying effect of siderophores, and exploitation of this detoxifying effect – results in a net increase or decrease. We show that the proportion of siderophore-producing taxa increases along a natural heavy metal gradient. A causal link between metal contamination and siderophore production was subsequently demonstrated in a microcosm experiment in compost, in which we observed changes in community composition towards taxa that produce relatively more siderophores following copper contamination. We confirmed the selective benefit of siderophores by showing that taxa producing large amount of siderophores suffered less growth inhibition in toxic copper. Our results suggest that ecological selection will favour siderophore-mediated decontamination, with important consequences for potential remediation strategies.
Comparative study on photocatalytic activity of transition metals (Ag and Ni doped ZnO) nanomaterials synthesised via sol-gel method
Ag and Ni/ZnO photocatalyst nanostructures were successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method. In this work, the photocatalyst sample was systematically studied based on several factors affecting the performance of photocatalyst which are size, morphology, band gap, textural properties and the number of active sites presence on the surface of the nanocatalyst. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that Ag/ZnO nanomaterials experienced multiple phases, meanwhile for Ni/ZnO the phase of nanomaterials were pure and single phase for stochiometry less than 5%. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed almost all of the synthesised nanomaterials possessed a mixture of nanorods and spherical-like shape morphology. The Ag/ZnO showed high photocatalytic activity, producing at least 14th trials of nanocatalyst reusability on the degradation of Methyl Orange under UV irradiation. Interestingly this phenomenon was not observed in larger surface area of Ni/ZnO nanomaterials which supposedly favour photocatalytic activity, but instead producing poor photocatalytic performance. The main reason were studied and exposed by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (TPD–CO2) which showed that incorporation of Ag into ZnO lattice has enhanced the number of active sites on the surface of the nanocatalyst. Whereas incorporation of Ni in ZnO has lowered the number of active sites with respect to undoped ZnO. Active sites measurement is effective and significant, providing opportunities in developing an intensive study as an additional factor.
Data from: Adaptive differences in gene expression associated with heavy metal tolerance in the soil arthropod Orchesella cincta
Field-selected tolerance to heavy metals has been reported for Orchesella cincta (Arthropoda: Collembola) populations occurring at metal-contaminated mining sites. This tolerance is correlated with heritable increase of metal excretion efficiency; less pronounced cadmium (Cd) induced growth reduction and, over-expression of the metallothionein gene. We applied transcriptomics to determine differential gene expression caused by this abiotic stress in reference and Cd tolerant populations. Many cDNAs responded to Cd exposure in the reference population. Significantly fewer clones were Cd responsive in tolerant animals. Analysis of variance revealed transcripts that interact between Cd exposure and population. Hierarchical cluster analysis of these clones identified two major groups. The first one contained cDNAs that were up regulated by Cd in the reference culture, but non-responsive or down regulated in tolerant animals. This cluster was also characterized by elevated constitutive expression in the tolerant population. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these cDNAs were involved in structural integrity of the cuticle, anti-microbial defense, calcium-channel blocking, sulfur assimilation and chromatin remodeling. The second group consisted of cDNAs down regulated in reference animals but not responding or slightly up regulated in tolerant animals. Their functions involved carbohydrate metabolic processes, Ca2+ dependent stress signaling, redox state, proteolysis and digestion. The reference population showed a strong signature of stress-induced genome-wide perturbation of gene expression, whereas the tolerant animals maintained normal gene expression upon Cd exposure. We confirmed the micro-evolutionary processes occurring in soil arthropod populations and suggest a major contribution of gene regulation to the evolution of a stress-adapted phenotype.
Data from: Personality and plasticity in neophobia levels vary with anthropogenic disturbance but not toxic metal exposure in urban great tits: urban disturbance, metal pollution and neophobia
Animal personalities, as defined by repeatable among individual differences in behavior, can vary across urbanization gradients. However, how urbanization affects personalities remains incompletely understood, especially because different urban stressors could affect personality traits in opposing ways, whereas most previous studies have considered only one urban disturbance factor. For instance, novel habitat features could favor reduced neophobia, whereas exposure to pollutants could increase risk sensitivity through neurotoxic or hormonal effects. To address this contingency, we studied object neophobia in four urban populations of great tits (Parus major) that vary in exposure to metal pollution and anthropogenic disturbance, as quantified by proximity to roads and pathways. We measured the return latency of incubating females when flushed from the nest and presented with up to two different novel objects, allowing quantification of behavioral repeatability and plasticity. To separate neophobia from sensitivity to disturbance, we also conducted baseline trials, in which females were flushed but no object was presented. We additionally measured exploration behavior and aggression (hissing) during nest defense, to explore whether suites of behaviors covary with urbanization, and examined whether neophobia affects reproductive success. Sensitivity to disturbance and neophobia were repeatable, and thus represent personality traits. Moreover, females occupying territories near roads and pathways had shorter return latencies during novel object but not baseline trials, suggesting a specific reduction in neophobia in disturbed areas. Plasticity in neophobia also increased with disturbance level. In contrast, metal exposure did not affect neophobia or sensitivity to disturbance, despite negatively correlating with exploration behavior. Neophobia correlated with exploration behavior, but not aggression or reproductive success. Results suggest that shifts in personality types in urbanized areas might involve specific reductions in neophobia, rather than general reductions in sensitivity to disturbance, and unexpectedly indicate no effect of toxic metals on risk sensitivity.
Data from: Maladaptation to acute metal exposure in resurrected Daphnia ambigua clones after decades of increasing contamination
Human environmental impacts have driven some of the strongest and fastest phenotypic changes recorded in wild animal populations. Across populations, this variation is often adaptive, as populations evolve fitness advantages in response to human-modified environments. Yet some populations fail to adapt to changing environments. Evidenced by declines in relative fitness, such seemingly maladaptive outcomes are less common, but may be more likely in human modified contexts. Further, our ability to investigate the dynamics of these adaptive and maladaptive responses over time is typically limited in natural systems. I combined resurrection ecology and paleolimnology approaches to examine evolutionary responses of the freshwater zooplankter Daphnia to exposure to heavy metal contamination over the past 50-75 years using animals hatched from diapausing egg banks. In contrast to the predicted trend of adaptation to metal exposure over time, I observed an increase in sensitivity to both copper and cadmium exposure associated with increasing historic contamination. This potentially maladaptive trend occurred in Daphnia populations in three lakes. Given that the release of toxicants such as heavy metals is widespread and other researchers have observed local maladaptation to toxicant exposure, it is important to understand the drivers and implications of this pattern.
Data from: Experimental exposure to trace metals affects plumage bacterial community in the feral pigeon
Bacteria are fundamental associates of animals, and recent studies have highlighted their major role in host behaviour, immunity or reproductive investment. Thus, any environmental factor modifying bacterial community may affect host fitness. In birds, trace metals emitted by anthropogenic activities accumulate onto the plumage where they may alter bacterial community and ultimately affect bird fitness. Although trace metals are current major environmental issues in urban habitats, their effects on feather bacterial community have never been investigated. Here, we supplemented feral pigeons Columba livia, an emblematic urban species, with zinc and/or lead in drinking and bath water. As expected, lead and zinc supplementations modified plumage bacterial community composition. Zinc decreased bacterial load, while lead decreased bacterial richness and the frequency of preening behaviour in birds, known to regulate feather bacteria. Our results demonstrate for the first time the effects of common urban trace metals on plumage bacterial community and shed light on one of the mechanisms by which trace metals can affect bird fitness. Further studies are now needed to investigate how this effect modulates avian life history traits known to depend on plumage bacterial community.
Data from: Rapid evolutionary loss of metal resistance revealed by hatching decades-old eggs
We investigated the evolutionary response of an ecologically important freshwater crustacean, Daphnia, to a rapidly changing toxin environment. From the 1920s until the 1960s, the use of leaded gasoline caused the aquatic concentration of Pb to increase at least 5-fold, presumably exerting rapid selective pressure on organisms for resistance. We predicted that Daphnia from this time of intense pollution would display greater resistance than those hatched from times of lower pollution. This question was addressed directly using the resurrection ecology approach, whereby dormant propagules from focal time periods were hatched and compared. We hatched several Daphnia genotypes from each of two Swiss lakes, during times of higher (1960s / 1980s) and lower (2000s) lead stress, and compared their life histories under different laboratory levels of this stressor. Modern Daphnia had significantly reduced fitness, measured as the population growth rate (λ), when exposed to lead, while those genotypes hatched from times of high lead pollution did not display this reduction. These phenotypic differences contrast with only slight differences measured at neutral loci. We infer that Daphnia in these lakes were able to rapidly adapt to increasing lead concentrations, and just as rapidly lost this adaptation when the stressor was removed.
Data from: Design and tailoring of inks for inkjet patterning of metal oxides
<p>Inkjet printing has become a promising, efficient, inexpensive, scalable technique for materials deposition, mask-less and digital patterning in many device applications. Meanwhile, the ink preparation remains a challenge especially for printing functional oxide materials. Based on the principles of inkjet printing (especially relevant for piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printer) and the process of the conversion of liquid ink into solid thin films of oxide materials, we present two approaches to the design and tailoring of inks: (i) oxide particle suspensions (e.g., SiO2, TiO2, Fe3O4), and (ii) metal-acetates precursor solutions for directly printing oxide thin films (e.g., ZnO, MgO, ITO and forth). The solution inks are stable, and produce tunable oxide films with high density and smooth surface. For some of the inks containing multi-type acetates with possible phase separation even before calcinations, we have developed a chelating procedure in order to tailor the films into single phase homogeneity. The work lays a foundation for inkjet printing of oxides for functional applications in electronic, photonic and energy devices.</p>
Data from: Genome assembly and annotation of Arabidopsis halleri, a model for heavy metal hyperaccumulation and evolutionary ecology
The self-incompatible species Arabidopsis halleri is a close relative of the self-compatible model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The broad European and Asian distribution and heavy metal hyperaccumulation ability make A. halleri a useful model for ecological genomics studies. We used long-insert mate-pair libraries to improve the genome assembly of the A. halleri ssp. gemmifera Tada mine genotype (W302) collected from a site with high contamination by heavy metals in Japan. After five rounds of forced selfing, heterozygosity was reduced to 0.04%, which facilitated subsequent genome assembly. Our assembly now covers 196 Mb or 78% of the estimated genome size and achieved scaffold N50 length of 712 kb. To validate assembly and annotation, we used synteny of A. halleri Tada mine with a previously published high-quality reference assembly of a closely related species, Arabidopsis lyrata. Further validation of the assembly quality comes from synteny and phylogenetic analysis of the HEAVY METAL ATPASE4 (HMA4) and METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN1 (MTP1) regions using published sequences from European A. halleri for comparison. Three tandemly duplicated copies of HMA4, key gene involved in cadmium and zinc hyperaccumulation, were assembled on a single scaffold. The assembly will enhance the genomewide studies of A. halleri as well as the allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica derived from A. lyrata and A. halleri.
Data from: Proximity to roads, but not exposure to metal pollution, is associated with accelerated developmental telomere shortening in nestling great tits
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Comprehensively understanding the factors affecting physiology and fitness in urban wildlife requires concurrently considering multiple stressors. To this end, we simultaneously assessed how metal pollution and proximity to roads affect body condition and telomere shortening between days 8 and 15 of age in nestling great tits (<i>Parus major</i>), a common urban bird. We employed a repeated-measures sampling design to compare telomere shortening and body condition between nestlings from four urban study sites south of Antwerp, Belgium, which are located at different distances from a metal pollution point source. In addition, we explored associations between metal exposure and telomere dynamics on the individual level by measuring blood concentrations of five metals/metalloids, of which lead, copper and zinc were present at concentrations about the limit of detection. To assess whether roadway-associated stressors (e.g. noise and air pollution) might affect nestling condition and telomere shortening, we measured the proximity of nest boxes to roads. Metal exposure was not associated with nestling telomere length or body condition, despite elevated blood lead concentrations close to a metal pollution source (mean ± SE = 0.270 ± 0.095 µg/g wet weight at the most polluted study site), suggesting that nestlings may have some capacity to detoxify metals. However, nestlings from nest boxes near roads exhibited more telomere shortening between days 8 and 15 of age, and shorter telomeres at day 15. Nestlings in poorer condition also had shorter telomeres, but proximity to the road was unrelated to body condition. Thus, nutritional stress is unlikely to mediate the relationship between proximity to roads and telomere length. Rather, proximity to roads could have affected telomere shortening by exposing nestlings to air or noise pollution. Our study highlights that traffic-related pollution, which is implicated in human health problems, might also affect urban wildlife.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Metal Doors
Metal door Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
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