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FIGURE 45 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 45. Biogeographic areas used in DIVA analysis, defined by Chaves et al. (2013) and modified from Upham & Patterson (2012) and Condamine et al. (2012): A. Middle America, B. West Andes-Chocó, C. Andes, D. Amazonia, E. Chaco, F. Brazilian Shield, G. Guiana Shield. B. Taxon area cladogram showing the results of DIVA. Numbers indicate nodes and letters indicate resulting ancestral distribution at each node. The red border of the nodes indicates vicariance events.

FIGURE 6 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 6. Camouflage—mimicry characters used for the phylogeny: A. Lichenomorphic Lichenomorphus carlosmendesi (Piza, 1950) (Photo: E. Branco). B. Phyllodomorphic mimicry, Aegimia maculifolia Dias, Rafael & Naskrecki, 2012 (Photo: P. Naskrecki). C. Lichenodraculus matti nymph, on shrubby lichens. D. Vespamorphic, Quiva (Quiva) sharovi Gorochov, 2013 (Photo: A. Anker).

FIGURE 7 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 7. Accumulation of Dysoniini species. The principal peaks of the curve correspond to the publications by Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878; Rehn, 1950; Piza (1950–1982); Cadena-Castañeda & Gorochov (2012–2013) and Cadena-Castañeda (2011–2022).

FIGURE 5 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 5. Characters used for the phylogeny (mainly abdomen and terminalia): A, B. Abdominal tergites: A. Anaphidna hernandezi (Cadena-Castañeda, 2012). B. Apolinaria hygracantha (Karsch, 1896). C, D. Male subgenital plate: C. Dissonulichen simplicipes simplicipes (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878). E–J. Male cerci: E. Anaulacomera alexanderi Cadena-Castañeda, 2012. F. Lichenomorphus montealegrezi Cadena-Castañeda, 2011. G. Anaphidna lankesteri (Rehn, 1918). H. Dysonia holgeri holgeri Cadena-Castañeda, 2011. I. Yungasacris multa Cadena-Castañeda & Gorochov, 2013. K, L. Ovipositor. K. D. simplicipes simplicipes (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878).L. A. hygracantha (Karsch, 1896).

FIGURE 1 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 1. Artistic plate by Westwood (1844), above: Phaneroptera alipes (=Dysonia alipes) female [Lichenomorphus sp.] and male, below: Phaneroptera hystrix (=Markia hystrix). Arcana Entomologica 2(18):87–88, pl. 70, Pl. LXX.

FIGURE 2 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 2. Characters used for the phylogeny (mainly head and pronotum): A, B. Habitus: Dysonia holgeri holgeri Cadena-Castañeda, 2011, male and female respectively. C, D. Head and pronotum in lateral view: C. Anaulacomera alexanderi Cadena-Castañeda, 2012. D. Anaphidna gracielae (Cadena-Castañeda, 2012). E–M. Head in frontal and lateral view: E, J. Markia hystrix (Westwood, 1844). F, L. Dissonulichen simplicipes simplicipes (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878). G. Quiva (Paraquiva) angieae Cadena-Castañeda, 2013. H. Aegimia maculifolia Dias, Rafael & Naskrecki, 2012. I. Hammatofera nodicornis (Burmeister, 1838). N. Paraphidnia gallina Giglio-Tos, 1898.

FIGURE 3 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 3. Characters used for the phylogeny (mainly head and thorax): A, B. Supra and infraocular evaginations: A. Paraphidnia gallina Giglio-Tos, 1898. B. Lichenomorphus montealegrezi Cadena-Castañeda, 2011. C–H. Head and pronotum: C. Dissonulichen simplicipes simplicipes (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878). D. Dysonia alipes (Westwood, 1844). E. Lichenodentix dentatithorax (Piza, 1951). F. Apolinaria hygracantha (Karsch, 1896). G. Markia hystrix (Westwood, 1844). H. Lichenodraculus matti Braun, 2011. I, J. Sternum: I. L. montealegrezi J. Machimoides sofiae Cadena-Castañeda, 2013. K. Denticles of the crest: Anaphidna gracielae (Cadena-Castañeda, 2012).

FIGURE 4 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 4. Characters used for the phylogeny (habitus): A. Anaphidna gracielae (Cadena-Castañeda, 2012). B. Lichenomorphus montealegrezi Cadena-Castañeda, 2011. C. Markia hystrix (Westwood, 1844). D. Dissonulichen simplicipes simplicipes (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878). E. Dysonia alipes (Westwood, 1844).

Map 11 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

Map 11. Distribution map of Dissonulichen (Dissonulichen) simplicipes simplicipes and D. (D.) simplicipes meridionalis in Colombia and Ecuador.

FIG. 51 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 51. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), 2 ♀ (AMNH), habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIG. 54. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 54. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. R. caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). B, C. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876. B. ♂ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. C. ♂ (AMNH), Puerto Colombia, Venezuela. D. R. ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIG. 49 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 49. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), metasoma and telson, dorsal (A–C) and ventral (D–F) aspects. A, C, D, F. 2 ♂ (MZSP). B, E. ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2.5 mm.

FIG. 60 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 60. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. Holotype ♂ (AMNH). C, D. Paratype ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIG. 57 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 57. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. ♂ (AMNH). C, D. ♀ (SMF). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIG. 47 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 47. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. ♂ (AMNH). C, D. ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 10 mm.

FIG. 46 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 46. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. ♂ (MZSP). C, D. ♀ (OUMNH). Scale bars = 10 mm.

FIG. 45 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 45. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. ♂ (MZSP). C, D. ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 10 mm.

FIG. 53. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 53. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, pedipalp chela, retrolateral aspect. A. R. caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♀ (SMF). B. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. C. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Puerto Colombia, Venezuela. D. R. ochoai, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIG. 48 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 48. Physoctonus Mello-Leitão, 1934, pedipalp chela, retrolateral aspect. A. P. debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♂ (MZSP). B. P. debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (MZSP). C. P. striatus, sp. nov., ♂ (MZSP). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIG. 44 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 44. Jaguajir, gen. nov., metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. J. agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). B. J. pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). C. J. rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm.