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Figs 115–127. 115–117 in First Survey Of The Neotropical Species Of Microchelonus Szépligeti With Descriptions Of Twenty-Five New Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae)

Figs 115–127. 115–117. Microchelonus carinatus (Provancher, 1881) (m): 115 = ultimate three flagellomeres, 116 = carapaceindorsalview, 117 = apicalforamenofcarapace. 118–127. Microchelonuscautus (Cresson, 1872): 118 = scutellum (fm), 119 = headindorsalview (f), 120 = clypeus (f), 121 = headinlateralviewwithindicationofitssculpture (f), 122 = distalpart ofrightforewing (fm), 123 = carapaceindorsalview (fm), 124 = carapaceinlateralview (f), 125 = templeindorsalview (m), 126 = clypeus (m), 127 = apicalforamenofcarapace (m).

Figs 75–87. 75–76 in First Survey Of The Neotropical Species Of Microchelonus Szépligeti With Descriptions Of Twenty-Five New Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae)

Figs 75–87. 75–76. Microchelonus brasiliensis (Brues, 1912): 75 = distal part of right fore wing (fm), 76 = carapaceinlateralview. 77–87. Microchelonusbuscki (Viereck, 1912) (femaleholotype: 78, 81, 84, 85; female: 77, 79; female + male: 80, 82, 83, 86; male: 87): 77 = scape, pedicel andproximal / distalpartsofflagellomeres, 78 = headindorsalviewwithindicationofits sculpture, 79 = headindorsalview, 80 = clypeus, 81 = headinlateralviewwithindication of its sculpture, 82 = scutellum, 83 = distal part of right fore wing, 84 = hind femur, 85 = carapaceindorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 86 = carapaceindorsalview, 87 =

Figs 357–373. 357–359 in First Survey Of The Neotropical Species Of Microchelonus Szépligeti With Descriptions Of Twenty-Five New Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae)

Figs 357–373. 357–359. Microchelonusperuensis (Shenefelt, 1973) (m, holotype): 357= ventral halfofheadinfrontalview, 358 = carapaceinlateralview, 359 = apicalforamenofcara- pace. 360–367. Microchelonuspolites sp. n. (f, holotype): 360 = ultimatethreeflagellomeres, 361 = headindorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 362 = clypeus, 363 = hindfemur + tibia, 364 = distalpartofrightforewing, 365 = carapaceindorsalviewwithindicationofits sculpture, 366 = hindendofcarapaceinlateralview, 367 = hindendofcarapaceinventral view. 368–373. Microchelonusprojectus sp. n. (f, holotype): 368 = ultimatethreeflagellomer- es, 369 = headindorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 370 = headinlateralviewwith

Figs 128–139. 128–132. Microchelonus cavei Papp, 2010 in First Survey Of The Neotropical Species Of Microchelonus Szépligeti With Descriptions Of Twenty-Five New Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae)

Figs 128–139. 128–132. Microchelonus cavei Papp, 2010 (f, holotype): 128 = ultimate three flagellomeres, 129 = headindorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 130 = distalpart ofrightforewing, 131 = carapaceindorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 132 = carapaceinlateralview. 133–138. Microchelonusconstrictus Papp, 1999) (f, holotype): 133 = scapeandpedicel, 134 = flagellomeres 8–14, 135 = headindorsalviewwithindicationof itssculpture, 136 = hindfemur, 137 = distalpartofrightforewing, 138 = carapaceindorsal viewwithindicationofitssculpture. 139. Microchelonuscurticarinulus sp. n. (f,holotype):

Figs 470–482. 470–475. Microchelonus turgoclarus Papp, 2010 in First Survey Of The Neotropical Species Of Microchelonus Szépligeti With Descriptions Of Twenty-Five New Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae)

Figs 470–482. 470–475. Microchelonus turgoclarus Papp, 2010 (f, holotype): 470 = head in dorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 471 = headinlateralviewwithindicationof itssculpture, 472 = headinfrontalview, 473 = distalpartofrightforewing, 474 = carapace indorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 475 = posteriorthirdofcarapaceinventral view. 476–482. Microchelonusvissas sp. n. (f, holotype): 476 = scapeandpedicalinlateral view, 477 = headinlateralviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 478 = clypeus, 479 = hind femur + tibia, 480 = distalpartofrightforewing, 481 = carapaceinlateralview, 482 = pos-

Figs 32–45. 32–34 in First Survey Of The Neotropical Species Of Microchelonus Szépligeti With Descriptions Of Twenty-Five New Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae)

Figs 32–45. 32–34. Microchelonus aperon sp. n. (f, holotype): 32 = distal part of right fore wing, 33 = carapaceindorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 34 = carapaceinlateral view. 35–44. Microchelonusavron sp. n. (m, holotype): 35 = headindorsalviewwithindica- tionofitssculpture, 36 = clypeus, 37 = headinlateralviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 38 = propodealcarinaindorsalview, 39 = hindfemur + tibia, 40 = distalpartofrightfore wing, 41 = carapaceindorsalviewwithindicationofitssculpture, 42 = carapaceinlateral view, 43 = apicalforamenofcarapace, 44 = posteriorthirdofcarapaceinventralview. 45. Microchelonusbermus sp. n. (m, holotype): 45 = capaceinlateralview.

Fig. 5 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains

Fig. 5. Structures associated with feeding in Arapaima, including: a) bony plates on the roof of the buccal cavity (vo = vomer, pas = parasphenoid, enp = entopterygoid, and dpt+ecp = fused dermopalatine+ectopterygoid), b) bony tongue (abbtp = anterior basibranchial toothplate) and gill rakers (gr), and c) jaw teeth (jaw bones are d = dentary, mx = maxilla, and pmx = premaxilla). Panels a and b are for a specimen from Mamirauá Reserve, Brazil (now a dried skeleton at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil (INPA 26583, 121 cm TL, collected by C. Arantes, Nov. 2006); panel c is of a dried skull specimen from the Essequibo River that was on display at Iwokrama Centre, Guyana (estimated 239 cm TL, based on morphometric data for Essequibo basin Arapaima, Stewart & Watson, pers. comm.).

Fig. 6 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains

Fig. 6. Anatomy of the digestive tract from a 78 cm TL juvenile Arapaima from Mamirauá Reserve, Brazil (now a dried skeleton in Manaus, INPA 26582, collected by C. Arantes, Nov. 2006). The intestine in this specimen was 1.77 times TL, which was longer than the average for both Essequibo and Mamirauá populations.

Fig. 2 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains

Fig. 2. Scatter plot of δ13C and δ15N signatures for Arapaima and prey fish. The plot includes points for individual Arapaima (stars) and mean for values of prey taxa when possible (diamonds = piscivores, n = 6, triangles = omnivores, n = 12, squares = detritivores, n = 10). Species names for prey fishes are: Amb = Amblydoras sp., Anc = Ancistrus sp., Apt = Apteronotus cf. albifrons, Ch = Chilodus sp., Cre = Crenicichla sp., Cur = curimatid, Eig = Eigenmannia sp., Geo = Geophagus surinamensis, Hop = Hoplias malabaricus, Hyp = Hypostomus sp., Pla = Platydoras sp., Rin = Rineloricaria sp., Ste = Sternopygus sp., Tra = Trachycorystes trachcorystes.

Fig. 3 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains

Fig. 3. Histograms of the distribution of all feasible contributions of the three dietary fish groups for Arapaima: a) piscivores, b) omnivores, and c) algivores/detritivores based on the IsoSource model. Values in boxes are 1% percentile and 99% percentile ranges for these distributions.

Fig. 4 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains

Fig. 4. Histograms of the distribution of feasible contributions of the three dietary fish groups for Arapaima: a) piscivores, b) omnivores, and c) algivores/detritivores after imposing additional constraints of: I) omnivores> carnivores, and II) algivores/ detritivores> carnivores. Values in boxes are 1% percentile and 99% percentile ranges for these distributions.

Fig. 1 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains

Fig. 1. Map of collecting localities for stable isotope samples from the Essequibo River basin of southwestern Guyana. Sites are as follows: a) Banana Sucker Pond, b) Grass Pond, c) Makarapan Pond, d) Small Kumaka Pond, e) Inkapati Head Pond, and f) Stanley Lake. Inset shows location of study area in northern South America (black box with arrow) in relation to natural distribution of the genus Arapaima (grey shading).

Fig. 2 in Relationships between morphology, diet and spatial distribution: testing the effects of intra and interspecific morphological variations on the patterns of resource use in two Neotropical Cichlids

Fig. 2. Head of Satanoperca pappaterra (a) and Crenicichla britskii (b), showing differences in the mouth protrusion.

Fig. 1 in Development of habitat suitability criteria for Neotropical stream fishes and an assessment of their transferability to streams with different conservation status

Fig. 1. Location of the study sites in the São José dos Dourados River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil (a and b). Forested sites (dark circles) are located within the greatest forest fragments and deforested (gray circles) streams lack arboreal vegetation in their riparian zone and are located in areas dominated by pasture (c).

Fig. 2 in Development of habitat suitability criteria for Neotropical stream fishes and an assessment of their transferability to streams with different conservation status

Fig. 2. Habitat suitability criteria for depth and velocity of 10 species (codes in Table 1) developed for forested streams, considering five classes of depth (D1 = 0 to 0.2 m; D2 = 0.21 to 0.30 m; D3 = 0.31 to 0.40 m; D4 = 0.41 to 0.50 m; D5> 0.51 m) and four classes of velocity (V1 => 0.0 to 0.2 m/s; V2 = 0.21 to 0.40 m/s; V3 = 0.41 to 0.60 m/s; V4> 0.61 m/s). The dotted lines indicate SI = 0.7, above which conditions were considered optimal.

Fig. 8 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 8. Testicular morphological characteristics of the Regression phase in C. kelberi. (a) Testicular proximal region, highlighting the big volume of melano-macrophage centers (mmc). (b) Gonad in restructuration with details to the Sertoli cells phagocytizing (Sp) the residual sperm (rSz), and the apoptotic cells (double arrow). (c) Transversal section along the testis in Regression. (d) Testicular periphery (dorsal region) highlighting the intense proliferation of primary spermatogonia in this region (Sg). primary spermatogonial cluster (dotted line); I - interstitial tissue; Sp - Sertoli cell in phagocytosis; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 - primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia. H.E. stain.

Fig. 7 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 7. Testicular morphological characteristics of Late GE Development phase in C. kelberi. (a) Longitudinal section of the main testicular duct (dt). (b) Germinal epithelium discontinuity in the distal region of the testicular lobules (asterisk). (c) Spermatogenic cysts in different development phases, highlighting the spermatocytes cyst in metaphase (mt) of the first meiotic division. (d) Discontinuity of the germinal epithelium along the testicle. H.E. stain. Egd - discontinuous germinal epithelium; mmc - melano-macrophage centers; S - Sertoli cell; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 -primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia cysts; St - spermatids cysts; Sz - sperm. H.E. stain.

Fig. 6 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 6. Testicular morphological characteristics of Mid GE Development phase in C. kelberi. (a and b) Testicular anastomosing region, highlighting the beginning of the germinal epithelium discontinuity (asterisk), in both the anastomosing region and lobules near the main testicular ducts. (c) Discontinuous germinal epithelium, with cysts in different development stages and lots of sperm (Sz) in the lobular lumen. (d) Peripheral lobular region (dorsal) highlighting the continuous germinal epithelium and clusters of primary spermatogonia (dotted line). ar - anastomosing region; dt - main testicular ducts; I - interstice; m - basal membrane; mt - metaphase; S - Sertoli cell; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 - primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia; St - spermatids; ta - tunica albuginea; cytoplasmic extension (hollow arrow). H.E. stain.

Fig. 5 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 5. Testicular morphological characteristics of Early GE Development phase in C. kelberi. (a) Main testicular duct region (dt), highlighting the narrow light (arrow). (b) Testicular lobules with continuous germinal epithelium (Egc) and germ cells cysts in different phases of spermatogenesis. (c) Germ cells cysts in different phases of spermatogenesis. (d) Distal lobular region, highlighting the germ cells clusters (dotted line). Bv - blood vessels; S - Sertoli cell; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 - primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia; St - spermatids; ta - tunica albuginea. H. E. stain.

Fig. 1 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 1. Testicular structure of C. kelberi in transversal section. (a) Testis draft highlighting the different regions. (b) A lobule representation, highlighting the cystic type spermatogenesis and the unrestricted distribution of spermatogonia. (c) Testis ventral region, showing the main testicular duct (dt), anastomosing region (ar) and the beginning of the lobular region (L). Reticulin reaction. (d) Testis dorsal region, highlighting the blind end (double arrow) of the testicular lobules, which are formed by the connective tissue septa sent by tunica albuginea (ta). Reticulin reaction. c - spermatogonial clusters; I - interstice; S - Sertoli cell; Sc - spermatocyte; Sg - spermatogonia; St - spermatid.