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19,493 results for “Populism”
Fig. 2 in Age Determination And Some Growth Parameters Of A Rana Ridibunda Population In Turkey
Fig. 2. Cross-section taken at the middle of the diaphysis of Rana ridibunda, a male, 58 mm SVL, 4 RL (scale: 108 µm)
Fig. 1. Collectionsitesfor 91 specimensfrom 29 locationsof Apodemusagrarius, usedin thisstudy. ThespecimennumberforeachlocationarelistedinTable 1 in Comparative Genetics Of Apodemus Agrarius (Rodentia: Mammalia) From Insular And Continental Eurasian Populations: Cytochrome B Sequence Analyses
Fig. 1. Collectionsitesfor 91 specimensfrom 29 locationsof Apodemusagrarius, usedin thisstudy. ThespecimennumberforeachlocationarelistedinTable 1, andminimum Jukes-Cantordistancesbetween 17 haplotypesfrommainlandKoreaandother 49 haplo- typesfromsevenregions (Taiwan, Jeju, northeasternChina, easternChina, centralChina, Far-easternRussia, andEurope) basedonthecytochrome b completesequencesaregiven
Fig. 1 MapshowingtherangeofthestudypopulationofEasternImperialEaglesinHungaryandthelocationofsampledandnotsampledterritoriesin 2003 in High Turnover Rate Revealed By Non-Invasive Genetic Analyses In An Expanding Eastern Imperial Eagle Population
Fig. 1 MapshowingtherangeofthestudypopulationofEasternImperialEaglesinHungaryandthelocationofsampledandnotsampledterritoriesin 2003 (35 ofthe 61 nesting
Fig. 2 in High Turnover Rate Revealed By Non-Invasive Genetic Analyses In An Expanding Eastern Imperial Eagle Population
Fig. 2. Firstidentification (1999, territorycodeBS-02) andre-identification (2003, BS-03) of afemale. Theterritorieswereapproximately 10 kmawayfromeachotherandtheoriginal BS-02 territorywasvacantin 2001-2002, butitwasoccupiedbyapairwithanewfemale in 2003; differentmarkingsrepresentdifferentgeneticallytaggedfemales, blackmarkings representthenestsfromtheBS-02 territory, greymarkingsrepresentnestsfromtheBS-03 territory; yearsinitalic (nestsmarkedbycircles) representnestingsiteswithoutsamples.
Fig. 4 in Scale-Morphometry Study To Discriminate Gibel Carp (Carassius Gibelio) Populations In The Balaton-Catchment (Hungary)
Fig. 4. Relationship between Canonical Variates and environmental variables based on sampling sites separation
Fig. 2 in Scale-Morphometry Study To Discriminate Gibel Carp (Carassius Gibelio) Populations In The Balaton-Catchment (Hungary)
Fig. 2. Landmarks used to define the shape of the scales (Prussian carp). The areas of the scales are described with respect to the fish position
Fig. 3 in Scale-Morphometry Study To Discriminate Gibel Carp (Carassius Gibelio) Populations In The Balaton-Catchment (Hungary)
Fig. 3. Canonical Variate Analysis of Carassius gibelio from KBWPS I, KBWPS II, Balaton, Nagyberek, Hungary with landmark-based geometric geometric morphometrics based on scale shape. El-
Fig. 6 in Shell Morphology, Growth Pattern And Population Dynamics Of The Land Snail Xerolenta Obvia (Menke, 1828) In Two Areas Of Different Climatic Conditions Within A Temperate Climate Region
Fig. 6. Xerolenta obvia growth model under natural conditions. Size ranges of sexually ma- ture snails are shown in dark grey (4.5–5.4 whorls) and light grey (4.25–4.4 whorls); solid lines = SW population, dashed lines = NE population; 1 = first model variant, 2 = second model variant (details in text)
Data and R code from: Relics of beavers past: time and population density drive scale-dependent patterns of ecosystem engineering
<p><span>Like many ecological processes, natural disturbances exhibit scale-dependent dynamics that are largely a function of the magnitude, frequency, and scale at which they are assessed. Ecosystem engineers create patch-scale disturbances that affect ecological processes, yet we know little about how these effects scale across space or vary through time. Here, we investigate how patch disturbances by beavers (<i>Castor canadensis</i>), ecosystem engineers renowned for their pond-creation behavior, affect ecological processes across space and time. We evaluated how beaver population recovery influenced surface water dynamics in relation to population density over 70 years across multiple spatial scales (pond, watershed, and regional) in northern Minnesota. Surface water area was positively related to population density at the watershed scale; however, despite variation in beaver densities (and therefore surface water area) at the watershed scale, regional-scale surface water area was stable through time. This stability appears to have been driven by asynchronous beaver density fluctuations among watersheds, combined with the increasing importance of abandoned ponds. Beavers initially created and occupied larger ponds with greater surface water area, but through time shifted towards occupying smaller ponds. As ponds accumulated on the landscape proportionally more surface water was stored within abandoned ponds, which offset the smaller size of occupied ponds. Beaver engineering—driven by density-dependent mechanisms and the legacy effects from abandoned ponds—not only follows general patterns of patch disturbance dynamics by creating a spatial mosaic of patches, but the organism-created mosaic also appears to generate ecological stability at greater spatial scales. We suggest restoring beavers to landscapes is a viable method for increasing surface water storage and will ultimately help advance numerous conservation and rewilding objectives. Our study demonstrates that ecosystem engineering effects can be scale-dependent, indicating researchers should evaluate the ecological impact of engineers across diverse spatiotemporal scales to fully understand their functional roles in ecosystems.</span></p>
Polysaccharide utilization loci in Bacteroides determine population fitness and community-level interactions
<p>Polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in the human gut microbiome have critical roles in shaping human health and ecological dynamics. We develop a CRISPR-FnCpf1-RecT genome-editing tool to study 23 PULs in the highly abundant species <em>B. uniformis</em> (BU). We identify the glycan-degrading functions of multiple PULs and elucidate transcriptional coordination between PULs that enables the population to adapt to the loss of PULs. Exploiting a pooled BU mutant barcoding strategy, we demonstrate that the <em>in vitro</em> fitness and the colonization ability of BU in the murine gut is enhanced by deletion of specific PULs and modulated by glycan availability. We show that BU PULs can mediate complex glycan-dependent interactions with butyrate producers that depend on the mechanism of degradation and the butyrate producer glycan utilizing ability. In sum, PULs are major determinants of community dynamics and butyrate production and can provide a selective advantage or disadvantage depending on the nutritional landscape. </p>
Supplementary material for: "Assessment of linkage disequilibrium patterns between structural variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms in three commercial chicken populations"
<p>Supplementary material for the publication "Assessment of linkage disequilibrium patterns between structural variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms in three commercial chicken populations"</p> <p>The realated preprint can be found at Research Square (<a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-861830/v1">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-861830/v1</a>)</p> <p>Supplementary file 1: Supplementary results, tables and figures.</p> <p>Supplementary file 2: MultiQC report.</p> <p>Supplementary file 3: Observer concordance of the visual filtering step.</p> <p>Supplementary file 4: Snakemake workflow and scripts.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset: Measuring stimulus-evoked neurophysiological differentiation in distinct populations of neurons in mouse visual cortex
<p>This dataset contains the calcium imaging and behavioral data analyzed in our paper, "Measuring stimulus-evoked neurophysiological differentiation in distinct populations of neurons in mouse visual cortex".</p> <p>These data were obtained at the Allen Brain Observatory as part of the <em>OpenScope</em> project, which is operated by the Allen Institute.</p> <p>Analysis code is available at <a href="https://github.com/wmayner/openscope-differentiation">https://github.com/wmayner/openscope-differentiation</a>.</p>
Data from: Context matters: the landscape matrix determines the population genetic structure of temperate forest herbs across Europe
<p>Context. Plant populations in agricultural landscapes are mostly fragmented and their functional connectivity often depends on seed and pollen dispersal by animals. However, little is known about how the interactions of seed and pollen dispersers with the agricultural matrix translate into gene flow among plant populations.</p> <p>Objectives. We aimed to identify effects of the landscape structure on the genetic diversity within, and the genetic differentiation among, spatially isolated populations of three temperate forest herbs. We asked, whether different arable crops have different effects, and whether the orientation of linear landscape elements relative to the gene dispersal direction matters.</p> <p>Methods. We analysed the species' population genetic structures in seven agricultural landscapes across temperate Europe using microsatellite markers. These were modelled as a function of landscape composition and configuration, which we quantified in buffer zones around, and in rectangular landscape strips between, plant populations.</p> <p>Results. Landscape effects were diverse and often contrasting between species, reflecting their association with different pollen- or seed dispersal vectors. Differentiating crop types rather than lumping them together yielded higher proportions of explained variation. Some linear landscape elements had both a channelling and hampering effect on gene flow, depending on their orientation.</p> <p>Conclusions. Landscape structure is a more important determinant of the species' population genetic structure than habitat loss and fragmentation <i>per se</i>. Landscape planning with the aim to enhance the functional connectivity among spatially isolated plant populations should consider that even species of the same ecological guild might show distinct responses to the landscape structure.</p>
Group composition of individual personalities alters social network structure in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p><span>Social network structure is a critical group character that mediates the flow of information, pathogens, and resources among individuals in a population, yet little is known about what shapes social structures. In this study, we experimentally tested whether social network structure depends on the personalities of group members. Replicate groups of forked fungus beetles (<i>Bolitotherus cornutus</i>) were engineered to include only members previously assessed as either more social or less social. We found that individuals behaved consistently across social contexts, exhibiting repeatable numbers of interactions and numbers of partners. At the group level, networks composed of more social individuals had higher interaction rates, higher tie density, higher global clustering, and shorter average shortest paths than those composed of less social individuals. We highlight group composition of personalities as a source of variance in group traits and a potential mechanism by which networks could evolve.</span></p>
Sequential and efficient neural-population coding of complex task information
<p>Condensed neural and behavioral data, included secondary results from model fits and analyses. This dataset contains all information required to recreate figures from the paper.</p>
Population genomic signatures of the oriental fruit moth related to the Pleistocene climates
<p><span class="fontstyle01"><span>The Quaternary climatic oscillations are expected to have had strong impacts on the evolution of species. Although legacies of the Quaternary climates on population processes have been widely identified in diverse groups of species, adaptive genetic changes shaped during the Quaternary have been harder to decipher. Here, we </span></span>assembled a chromosome-level genome<span class="fontstyle01"><span> of the oriental fruit moth and compared genomic variation among refugial and colonized populations of this species that diverged in the Pleistocene. High genomic diversity was maintained in refugial populations.</span></span> <span class="fontstyle01"><span>Demographic analysis showed that the effective population size of refugial populations declined during the </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>penultimate glacial </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>maximum (PGM) </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>but remained stable during the </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>last glacial maximum (LGM), indicating a strong impact of the PGM rather than the LGM on this pest species. Genome scans identified </span></span>one chromosomal inversion<span class="fontstyle01"><span> and a mutation of the </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>circadian gene </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Clk</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> on the neo-Z chromosome</span></span> potentially related to the <span class="fontstyle01"><span>endemicity of </span></span>a refugial population.<span class="fontstyle01"><span> I</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>n the colonized populations, genes in pathways of energy metabolism and wing development showed signatures of selection</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>.</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> These different genomic signatures of refugial and colonized populations point to multiple impacts of Quaternary climates on adaptation in an extant species.</span></span></p>
The Social Cost of Carbon: Advances in Long-Term Probabilistic Projections of Population, GDP, Emissions, and Discount Rates
<p>This repository contains the socioeconomic and emissions projections generated by the Resources for the Future Socioeconomic Projections (RFF-SPs) model as discussed in Rennert et al., "<a href="https://www.rff.org/publications/working-papers/the-social-cost-of-carbon-advances-in-long-term-probabilistic-projections-of-population-gdp-emissions-and-discount-rates/">The Social Cost of Carbon: Advances in Long-Term Probabilistic Projections of Population, GDP, Emissions, and Discount Rates</a>" , forthcoming at the <em>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity</em>. The data take the form of a Monte Carlo simulation with n = 10,000 draws.</p> <p>File structure and column metadata are described here: </p> <p>--- <br> emissions/ <br> --- </p> <p>- rffsp_co2_emissions.csv <br> - rffsp_ch4_emissions.csv <br> - rffsp_n2o_emissions.csv </p> <p>Each file in this folder contains 3 columns: sample, year, and value. For each row: </p> <p>- sample contains the number identifying which draw a prediction belongs to (from 1 to 10,000). <br> - year contains the calendar year of the prediction. <br> - value contains the projected annual global emissions of the gas specified in the filename. IMPORTANT: Units are as follows: "rffsp_co2_emissions.csv" is in gigatons C (not CO2), "rffsp_ch4_emissions.csv " is in megatons CH4, and "rffsp_n2o_emissions.csv " is in megatons N2 (not N2O). </p> <p>--- <br> pop_income/ <br> --- </p> <p>- rffsp_pop_income_run_1.feather <br> - rffsp_pop_income_run_2.feather <br> - rffsp_pop_income_run_3.feather <br> . <br> . <br> . <br> - rffsp_pop_income_run_9999.feather <br> - rffsp_pop_income_run_10000.feather </p> <p>This folder contains 10,000 files in the .feather file format (https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/feather.html), which is optimized for I/O speed and compressed to minimize storage requirements. Each file corresponds to one draw of our socioeconomic data, and contains 4 columns: Country, Year, Pop, and GDP. The number in each filename corresponds to the "sample" column in the emissions data. For each row:</p> <p>- Country contains the ISO Alpha-3 code (https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html) of the country whose GDP and population are projected. <br> - Year contains the calendar year of the predictions. <br> - Pop contains the projected population for a given country and year, in units of thousands of people. <br> - GDP contains the projected GDP for a given country and year, in units of millions of 2011 USD. </p> <p>--- </p> <p>The probabilistic population projections were produced by Adrian E. Raftery and Hana Ševčíková (University of Washington), using the methods described by Raftery and Ševčíková (2021). Please cite this reference in any publications using these projections. Their research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) under NIH grant number R01 HD-070936. </p> <p>The probabilistic economic and emissions projections are from Rennert et al. (forthcoming), based in part on those from Müller, Stock, and Watson (forthcoming). </p> <p>---</p> <p><strong>References </strong></p> <p>Müller, U.K, Stock, J.H., and Watson, M.W. (forthcoming). An Econometric Model of International Growth Dynamics for Long-Horizon Forecasting. The Review of Economics and Statistics, available online 30 October 2020. URL: <a href="https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/doi/10.1162/rest_a_00997/97738/An-Econometric-Model-of-International-Growth">https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/doi/10.1162/rest_a_00997/97738/An-Econometric-Model-of-International-Growth</a> </p> <p>Raftery, A.E. and Ševčíková, H. (2021). Probabilistic population forecasting: Short to very long-term. International Journal of Forecasting, available online 7 October 2021. URL: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169207021001394">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169207021001394</a> </p> <p>Rennert, K., Prest, B.C., Pizer, W., Newell, R.G., Anthoff, D., Kingdon, C., Rennels, L., Cooke, R., Raftery, A.E., Ševčíková, H, and Errickson, F. (forthcoming). The Social Cost of Carbon: Advances in Long-Term Probabilistic Projections of Population, GDP, Emissions, and Discount Rates. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Available online 27 October 2021. URL: <a href="https://www.rff.org/publications/working-papers/the-social-cost-of-carbon-advances-in-long-term-probabilistic-projections-of-population-gdp-emissions-and-discount-rates/">https://www.rff.org/publications/working-papers/the-social-cost-of-carbon-advances-in-long-term-probabilistic-projections-of-population-gdp-emissions-and-discount-rates/ </a></p>
How early does the selfing syndrome arise? Associations between selfing ability and flower size within populations of the mixed mater Collinsia verna
<p>Widespread associations between selfing rate and floral size within and among taxa suggest that these traits may evolve in concert. Does this association develop immediately, because of shared genetic/developmental control, or stepwise with selection shaping the evolution of one trait following the other? If the former, then association ought to appear within and across populations. We explore this fundamental question in three populations of the mixed-mater Collinsia verna where autonomous selfing (AS) ability has been shown to be under selection by the pollination environment. We grew clonal replicates of C. verna in a controlled environment to characterize broad-sense genetic correlations among traits within populations and to assess whether divergence in mating system and floral traits among these populations is consistent with their previously observed selection pressures. As predicted by their respective pollination environments, we demonstrate significant genetic divergence among populations in AS ability. However, patterns of divergence in floral traits (petal, stamen, and style size, stigmatic receptivity, and stigma-anther distance) were not as expected. Within populations, genetic variation in AS appeared largely independent from floral traits, except for a single weak negative association in one population between flower size and AS rate. Together, these results suggest that associations between selfing rate and floral traits across Collinsia species are not reflected at microevolutionary scales. If C. verna were to continue evolving toward the selfing syndrome, floral trait evolution would likely follow stepwise from mating system evolution.</p>
Population genomics of a forest fungus reveals high gene flow and climate adaptation signatures
Genome sequencing of spatially distributed individuals sheds light on how evolution structures genetic variation. Populations of <i>Phellopilus nigrolimitatus</i>, a red-listed wood-inhabiting fungus associated with old-growth coniferous forests, have decreased in size over the last century due to a loss of suitable habitats. We assessed the population genetic structure and investigated local adaptation in<i> P. nigrolimitatus</i>, by establishing a reference genome and genotyping 327 individuals sampled from 24 locations in Northern Europe by RAD sequencing. We revealed a shallow population genetic structure, indicating large historical population sizes and high levels of gene flow. Despite this weak sub-structuring, two genetic groups were recognized; a western group distributed mostly in Norway and an eastern group covering most of Finland, Poland and Russia. This sub-structuring may reflect co-immigration with the main host, Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>), into Northern Europe after the last ice age. We found evidence of low levels of genetic diversity in southwestern Finland, which has a long history of intensive forestry and urbanization. Numerous loci were significantly associated with one or more environmental factors, indicating adaptation to specific environments. These loci clustered into two groups with different associations with temperature and precipitation. Overall, our findings indicate that the current population genetic structure of P. nigrolimitatus results from a combination of gene flow, genetic drift and selection. The acquisition of similar knowledge especially over broad geographic scales, linking signatures of adaptive genetic variation to evolutionary processes and environmental variation, for other fungal species will undoubtedly be useful for assessment of the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change on fungi strongly bound to old-growth forests. --
Predicted gene expression in ancestrally diverse populations leads to discovery of susceptibility loci for lifestyle and cardiometabolic traits
<p>Full summary statistics for the publication "Predicted gene expression in ancestrally diverse populations leads to discovery of susceptibility loci for lifestyle and cardiometabolic traits". </p> <p>The files, bmi.UKBBsummary.txt and height.UKBBsummary.txt, contain tissue specific associations with body mass index (BMI) and height respectively. The suffix UKBB450k indicates results from all ~450,000 European ancestry individuals in UK Biobank. The suffix UKBB50k corresponds to results from a subset of 50,000 Europeans in the UK Biobank. The suffix PAGE corresponds to results from ~50,000 individuals in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. </p> <p>The file PAGE_PrediXcan_associations.txt includes trait~tissue specific GReX associations for 25 traits. The first field specifies the tissue.trait.gene of the association results.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.