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FIGURE 2. Richardina ohtsukai n in Two new species of Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae), representing the first occurrences of the genus from the Pacific

FIGURE 2. Richardina ohtsukai n. sp., holotype female, (cl 5.0 mm), NSMT- Cr 20835. A, anterior part of carapace and eyes, lateral; B, same, dorsal; C, sixth to eighth thoracic sternites, ventral; D, epistome, ventral; E, telson and left uropod, dorsal, marginal setae omitted.

FIGURE 3. Richardina ohtsukai n in Two new species of Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae), representing the first occurrences of the genus from the Pacific

FIGURE 3. Richardina ohtsukai n. sp., holotype female, (cl 5.0 mm), NSMT- Cr 20835. A, left antennular peduncle, ventral; B, left antenna, ventral; C, left mandible, lateral; D, left maxillule, ventral; E, left maxilla, ventral; F, left first maxilliped, ventral; G, left second maxilliped, ventral. B, E–G, marginal setae omitted.

FIGURE 22 in Second representative of the order Misophrioida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Australia challenges the hypothesis of the Tethyan origin of some anchialine faunas

FIGURE 22. Map of Australia showing locations mentioned in text, including arm of the Eromanga Sea (Cretaceous) and areas (shaded) continually emergent since the Palaeozoic. Adapted and modified from Humphreys (2006).

FIGURES 13–21 in Second representative of the order Misophrioida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Australia challenges the hypothesis of the Tethyan origin of some anchialine faunas

FIGURES 13–21. Speleophria nullarborensis sp. nov., holotype female: 13, first swimming leg; 14, third exopodal segment of first leg; 15, basis of second swimming leg; 16, third endopodal segment of second swimming leg; 17, third endopodal segment of third swimming leg; 18, third exopodal segment of third swimming leg; 19, fourth swimming leg; 20, fifth leg; 21, sixth leg. Scales = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 7–12 in Second representative of the order Misophrioida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Australia challenges the hypothesis of the Tethyan origin of some anchialine faunas

FIGURES 7–12. Speleophria nullarborensis sp. nov., holotype female: 7, abdomen, ventral view; 8, abdomen, dorsal view; 9, abdomen, lateral view; 10, maxilla; 11, syncoxa and basis of maxilliped; 12, endopod of maxilliped. Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 1–6 in Second representative of the order Misophrioida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Australia challenges the hypothesis of the Tethyan origin of some anchialine faunas

FIGURES 1–6. Speleophria nullarborensis sp. nov., holotype female: 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, habitus, lateral view; 3, antennula; 4, antenna; 5, mandibula; 6, maxillula. Scales = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Our Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis. Thicker branches represent posterior probabilities greater than 80 in Complicated histories: three new species of poison frogs of the genus Ameerega (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from north-central Peru

FIGURE 6. Our Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis. Thicker branches represent posterior probabilities greater than 80 (nodes of particular interest to this study are labeled with observed posterior probabilities). Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov., A. yoshina sp. nov., and A. pepperi sp. nov. are highlighted with green, orange and red boxes, respectively. Since this study focused on the bassleri and petersi clades, to simplify visualization of the tree we reduced individuals of other species of Ameerega and other genera to a single representative (reducing the number of terminals to 76 from 135, and in every case, each clade comprised a monophyletic lineage).

FIGURES 26–32 in Arcanobisium, a remarkable new genus, representing a new subfamily with a relictual distribution from eastern Spain (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae)

FIGURES 26–32. Morphological details of Syarinidae. 26. Hadoblothrus gigas (Caporiacco, 1951), male, tip of fixed finger of left chela, antiaxial view. 27. H. gigas, male, tip of movable finger of left chela, lateral-paraxial view. 28. Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii (Redikorzev, 1918), male, gland openings area sternite VI. 29. Syarinus strandi (Ellingsen, 1901), female, apex pedipalpal lobe; 31. S. strandi, female, partial view of fingers left chelicera. 30. Syarinus obscurus (Banks, 1893), male, apex pedipalpal lobe. 32. S. strandi, female, partial view of fingers right chelicera. Scale bars (mm): 0.10 (Figs 26–28, 31–32), 0.20 (Figs 29–30).

FIGURES 4–12 in Arcanobisium, a remarkable new genus, representing a new subfamily with a relictual distribution from eastern Spain (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae)

FIGURES 4–12. Arcanobisium comasi sp. nov., male holotype. 4. carapace; 5. anterior margin of carapace, showing epistome; 6. right chelicera; 7. partial view of fingers of right chelicera; 8. cheliceral rallum; 9. right leg I, lateral view; 10. right leg IV, lateral view; 11. distal end of tarsus and apotele of right leg IV, lateral view; 12. subterminal seta of tarsus right leg IV, partial view. Abbreviations: P glandular pore; TS tactile seta. Scale bars (mm): 0.01 (Fig. 12), 0.05 (Fig. 5, 7, 8, 11), 0.10 (Fig. 6), 0.20 (Fig. 4, 9, 10).

FIGURES 2–3 in Arcanobisium, a remarkable new genus, representing a new subfamily with a relictual distribution from eastern Spain (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae)

FIGURES 2–3. Arcanobisium comasi sp. nov., male holotype. 2. habitus, dorsal view; 3. habitus, ventral view.

FIGURE 1 in Arcanobisium, a remarkable new genus, representing a new subfamily with a relictual distribution from eastern Spain (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae)

FIGURE 1. Map showing location of the type locality of Arcanobisium comasi sp. nov., the cave Avenc d'en Serenge in Castellón province, Valencian Community, Spain.

FIGURES 19–25 in Arcanobisium, a remarkable new genus, representing a new subfamily with a relictual distribution from eastern Spain (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae)

FIGURES 19–25. Arcanobisium comasi sp. nov., male holotype. 19. coxae of pedipalp and leg I; 20. genital sternites, ventral; 21. genitalia, ventral; 22. stigmata of sternites III and IV; 23. tergites-sternites VIII–XII, posterior view, drawing in perspective, entire setae only illustrated in sternites X–XI; 24. tergites-sternites VIII–XII, lateral view; 25. habitus, lateral view; pedipalps, legs and one chelicera omitted. Abbreviations: I–XII segments I–XII of opisthosoma. Scale bars (mm): 0.05 (Fig. 21), 0.10 (Figs 20, 22, 24, 25), 0.20 (Figs 19, 23).

FIGURES 13–18 in Arcanobisium, a remarkable new genus, representing a new subfamily with a relictual distribution from eastern Spain (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae)

FIGURES 13–18. Arcanobisium comasi sp. nov., male holotype. 13. right pedipalp, without chela, dorsal view; 14. right chela, dorsal view; 15. right chela, antiaxial view; 16. tips of fixed and movable finger of right chela, antiaxial view; 17. tips of fixed and movable finger of right chela, dorsal view; 18. trichobothrium t. Abbreviations: af? pore or sensillum; pc doubled pore sensillum (other abbreviations correspond to trichobothria). Scale bars (mm): 0.05 (Fig. 18), 0.10 (Figs 16–17), 0.20 (Figs 13–15).

FIGURE 5. Bresilia gibbosa n in A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna

FIGURE 5. Bresilia gibbosa n. sp., underwater photographs in situ, showing living animals. A, holotype, ovigerous female (cl 1.6 mm), CBM-ZC 9868; B, paratype, male (cl 1.3 mm), CBM-ZC 9869. Photography by Y. Yamada.

FIGURE 4. Bresilia gibbosa n in A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna

FIGURE 4. Bresilia gibbosa n. sp., holotype, ovigerous female (cl 1.6 mm), CBM-ZC 9868. Left appendages. A, third maxilliped, lateral view; B, same, proximal part of antepenultimate segment of endopod and exopod, dorsal view; C, first pereopod, lateral view; D, same, dorsomesial view; E, same, fingers, ventrolateral view; F, second pereopod, lateral view; G, same, chela, extensor view; H, third pereopod, lateral view; I, same, propodus and dactylus, lateral view; J, fourth pereopod, lateral view; K, same, propodus and dactylus, lateral view; L, fifth pereopod, lateral view; M, same, propodus and dactylus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2. Bresilia gibbosa n in A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna

FIGURE 2. Bresilia gibbosa n. sp., holotype, ovigerous female (cl 1.6 mm), CBM-ZC 9868. A, rostrum and anterior part of carapace, lateral view; B, rostrum, anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view (setae partially omitted; distal part of outer flagellum of left antennule broken off); C, third to eighth thoracic sternites, ventral view (left pereopods and right fourth and fifth pereopods removed); D, epistome and left antennae, ventral view (setae and antennular flagella omitted; antennal flagellum missing); E, close up of distal part of ultimate segment of third maxilliped, lateral view; F, close up of fingers of second pereopod, lateral view; G, telson and left uropod, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for A–D, G; 0.25 mm for E, F.

FIGURE 3. Bresilia gibbosa n in A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna

FIGURE 3. Bresilia gibbosa n. sp. A–E, holotype, ovigerous female (cl 1.6 mm), CBM-ZC 9868; F–H, paratype, male (cl 1.3 mm), CBM-ZC 9869. Left appendages. A, mandible, inner view; B, maxillule, outer view; C, maxilla, outer view (proximal endite broken off); D, first maxilliped, outer view; E, second maxilliped, outer view; F, dactylus and distal part of propodus of third pereopod, lateral view; G, endopod of first pleopod, dorsal view; H, endopod and appendices internal and masculina of second pleopod, ventral view (setae on endopod omitted). Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 1. Bresilia gibbosa n in A new species of the rare caridean genus Bresilia Calman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, representing a family new to the North Pacific marine fauna

FIGURE 1. Bresilia gibbosa n. sp., holotype, ovigerous female (cl 1.6 mm), CBM-ZC 9868. Entire animal in lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Some representative holothurian body wall ossicles. A–E, G–H in A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

FIGURE 5. Some representative holothurian body wall ossicles. A–E, G–H, tables viewed from various angles; F, crossed cup; I, perforated rod; J–N, smooth and knobbed buttons; O, cup; P, anchor plate; Q, anchor; R, C-shaped rod; S, wheel. Partly after Hendler et al., 1995.

FIGURE 2. Representative holothurian feeding tentacles. A in A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

FIGURE 2. Representative holothurian feeding tentacles. A, shield-shaped (Order Aspidochirotida); B, branching (O. Dendrochirotida); C, pinnate (O. Apodida); D, digitate (O. Apodida, O. Molpadiida); E, digitate (O. Molpadiida).