Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
836
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
836 results for “Toads”
Figure 3 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Figure 3 Plots of the first principal component (PC1) versus the second (PC2) for Megophrys baishanzuensis sp. nov. and M. kuatunensis from principal component analyses on male group.
Figure 2 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Figure 2 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the genus Megophrys reconstructed based on 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences. Bayesian posterior probability/ML bootstrap supports were denoted beside each node. Samples 1–96 refer to Table 1.
Supplementary material 2 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Table S2
Figure 7 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Figure 7 Color variation in Megophrys baishanzuensis sp. nov. in life A dorsal view of the adult male CIBQY2020200719001 B dorsal view of the adult male CIBQY2020200719004 C ventral view of the adult male CIBQY2020200719003 D ventral view of the adult male CIBQY2020200726002.
Figure 5 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Figure 5 Photos of the holotype specimen CIBQY20200726001 of Megophrys baishanzuensis sp. nov. and topotype specimen of M. kuatunensisA, B, E, G, H dorsal view of body, ventral view of body, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, and ventral view of foot of CIBQY20200726001, respectively C, D, F, I, J dorsal view of body, ventral view of body, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, and ventral view of foot of CIBWY18082413, respectively. Red arrow points to tympanum.
Figure 9 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Figure 9 Habitats of Megophrys baishanzuensis sp. nov. in the type locality, Baishanzu Naitonal Park, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province, China A landscape for forest B the stream under the forest inhabited by Megophrys baishanzuensis sp. nov.
Supplementary material 1 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Table S1
Figure 1 from: Wu Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang B, Wu J (2020) Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. ZooKeys 1005: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.58629
Figure 1 Sampling localities of Megophrys baishanzuensis sp. nov. and its relatives 1 Baishanzu National Park, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province, China, inhabited by Megophrys baishanzuensis sp. nov. and M. boettgeri2 Wuyi Mountain, Wuyishan City, Fujian Province, China, inhabited by M. boettgeri, M. kuatunensis, and M. ombrophila.
Skin resistance to water gain and loss has changed in cane toads (Rhinella marina) during their Australian invasion
The water-permeable skin of amphibians renders them highly sensitive to climatic conditions, and interspecific correlations between environmental moisture levels and rates of water exchange across the skin suggest that natural selection adapts hydroregulatory mechanisms to local challenges. How quickly can such mechanisms shift when a species encounters novel moisture regimes? Cutaneous resistance to water loss and gain in wild-caught cane toads (Rhinella marina) from Brazil, USA (Hawai'i) and Australia exhibited strong geographic variation. Cutaneous resistance was low in native-range (Brazilian) toads and in Hawai'ian populations (where toads were introduced in 1932) but significantly higher in toads from eastern Australia (where toads were introduced in 1935). Toads from recently-invaded areas in western Australia exhibited cutaneous resistance to water loss similar to the native-range populations, possibly because toads are restricted to moist sites within this highly arid landscape. Rates of rehydration exhibited significant but less extreme geographic variation, being higher in the native-range than in invaded regions. Thus, in less than a century, cane toads invading areas that impose different climatic challenges have diverged in the capacity for hydroregulation.
Data from: Vision fine-tunes preparation for landing in the cane toad, Rhinella marina
In toad hopping, the hindlimbs generate the propulsive force for takeoff while the forelimbs resist the impact forces associated with landing. Preparing to perform a safe landing, in which impact forces are managed appropriately, likely involves the integration of multiple types of sensory feedback. In toads, vestibular and/or proprioceptive feedback are critical for coordinated landing, however, the role of vision remains unclear. To clarify this role, this study compares pre-landing forelimb muscle activation patterns in animals before and after removing vision. Specifically, we recorded EMG activity from two antagonistic forelimb muscles, the anconeus and coracoradialis, which demonstrate distance-dependent onset timing and recruitment intensity, respectively. Toads were first recorded hopping normally and then again after their optic nerves were severed to remove visual feedback. When blind, toads exhibited basic hop kinematics and pre-landing muscle activity similar to when sighted. However, distance-dependent relationships for muscle activity patterns were more variable, if present at all. This study demonstrates that blind toads are still able to perform coordinated landings, reinforcing the importance of proprioceptive and/or vestibular feedback during hopping. But the increased variability in distance-dependent activity patterns indicates that vision is more responsible for fine-tuning the motor control strategy for landing.
Data from: Why do frog and toad forelimbs suddenly (but asynchronously) appear every time metamorphosis is near?
1. The internal development and the emergence of the forelimbs at metamorphosis is a defining feature of anuran amphibians (frogs and toads). However, although forelimb emergence is considered sudden, it is rarely synchronous. Any asynchrony may or may not exacerbate the increased drag that is predicted to occur with the emergence of the forelimbs at metamorphic climax. 2. Despite the impact forelimb emergence is hypothesized to have on individual survival and life-history evolution, the degree of asynchrony between forelimb emergence, and any consequences of such asymmetry, has not been investigated. The asynchrony in forelimb emergence also provides an opportunity to test the currently held evolutionary basis for the internal development and sudden emergence of the forelimbs in anurans. 3. Using a diverse range of anuran taxonomic groups, we measured the time between, and pattern of, the emergence of the forelimbs across a range of species. To examine the evolutionary impacts of forelimb emergence, we assessed locomotory performance when individuals had zero, one or two forelimbs emerged. 4. The duration of time between the emergence of the two forelimbs was longer and more variable than predicted. Furthermore, no species suffered impaired burst speeds nor was their angle of escape affected as the forelimbs emerged asynchronously. In fact, burst swimming speed was faster after the emergence of one and two forelimbs than prior to their emergence. 5. Fundamentally, our results call into question the proposition, long accepted, that internal forelimb development is associated with locomotion and reducing drag during metamorphosis. This does not appear to be the case, and we suggest that anatomical or developmental constraints or advantages may be responsible.
Data from: Chemical suppression of embryonic cane toads Rhinella marina by larval conspecifics
1. Mechanisms that evolved to suppress the development of potential competitors may offer novel methods for species-specific control of invasive organisms. The tadpoles of cane toads Rhinella marina compete for limited food resources in small ponds, and older tadpoles eliminate competitors not only by eating newly-laid eggs, but also by releasing a chemical that suppresses development of conspecific eggs. 2. We conducted laboratory trials to assess the magnitude and generality of this suppression effect, and to identify the developmental stages capable of producing the suppressor cue and those that are vulnerable to its presence. 3. In all clutches that we tested, the suppressor cue reduced larval growth, development and survival (>95% mortality vs. <50% in controls). The suppressor exerts a general effect on larval development, rather than causing malformations of specific organ systems. 4. Free-swimming tadpoles of all developmental stages produce the cue (but are not affected by it), whereas embryos do not produce the cue, but are vulnerable to it. Tadpoles produce the cue consistently rather than facultatively (e.g. in response to detecting eggs). 5. A preliminary trial shows that the cue is effective in natural spawning ponds as well as in the laboratory. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our data have strong implications for current methods of toad control (culling tadpoles will remove suppression effects on the next generation, so it may be better to maintain live toad tadpoles in secure containers rather than removing them from the pond). Longer-term, understanding the chemical basis of this powerful mechanism for intraspecific competition may facilitate invader control.
Data from: Survival of the feces: does a nematode lungworm adaptively manipulate the behavior of its cane toad host?
Parasites can enhance their fitness by modifying the behavior of their hosts in ways that increase rates of production and transmission of parasite larvae. We used an antihelminthic drug to experimentally alter infections of lungworms (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) in cane toads (Rhinella marina). We then compared subsequent behaviors of dewormed toads versus toads that retained infections. Both in the laboratory and in the field, the presence of parasites induced hosts to select higher body temperatures (thereby increasing rates of lungworm egg production), to defecate in moister sites, and to produce feces with higher moisture content (thereby enhancing survival of larvae shed in feces). Because those behavioral modifications enhance rather than decrease parasite fitness, they are likely to have arisen as adaptive manipulations of host behavior rather than as host adaptations to combat infection or as nonadaptive consequences of infection on host physiology. However, the mechanisms by which lungworms alter cane toad thermal preference and defecation are not known. Although many examples of host manipulation by parasites involve intermediate hosts facilitating their own demise, our findings indicate that manipulation of definitive hosts can be as subtle as when and where to defecate.
Data from: Biotic resistance to an alien amphibian: larval competition between Japanese frogs and invasive cane toads
Understanding negative effects of native species on introduced taxa may suggest novel ways to control the invasive species by enhancing such effects. Previous studies have reported that the larvae of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) are suppressed by competition with the larvae of native anurans in Australia, but not in North America. We conducted laboratory trials to measure the effect of exposure to the larvae of Japanese frogs (Microhyla ornata, Fejervarya sakishimensis, Rhacophorus owstoni) on rates of survival, growth and development of cane toad tadpoles in Ishigaki Island, in southern Japan. Survival rates were not affected by native species, but competition with Dicroglossids and Rhacophorids (but not Microhylids) strongly reduced rates of growth and development in the tadpoles of cane toads. Dicroglossid tadpoles also reduced the body condition to toad tadpoles in addition to effects on SVL and mass. Encouraging populations of native frogs in toad-invaded areas of Japan thus may help to reduce the numbers of invasive cane toads.
Data from: Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
1. How predation events experienced by preys can shape phenotypic traits through the ontogenetic development of the interacting species should be a key issue in Evolutionary and Conservation Biology. 2. Locomotor performance plays a fundamental role on the fitness of many animals, mainly because it enhances ability to fleeing from predators. Predators represent indeed a capital selective force on prey, mainly because they end prey life. However, predators may also damage prey by other means, such as injuries caused by failed attacks. This damage can severely affect locomotion, among several other aspects of prey fitness. In the case of anuran tadpoles, failed predator attacks often result in injured tails, which reduces swimming performance. However, little is known about lasting effects of those failed attacks on fleeing capabilities after metamorphosis. 3. In this work, we clipped 55% tail length of pre-tail-resorption stage anaesthetized larval Pelobates cultripes toads, and compared metamorph hindlimb length and jump distance with metamorphs resulting from anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized non-clipped controls. Previous findings showed that this treatment produced metamorphs with reduced body condition. 4. Results herein suggest that partial tail loss in tadpoles diminishes jumping performance of resultant metamorphs. This effect is likely a consequence of tail-clipped tadpoles developing shorter hindlimbs as metamorphs, which is parallel to their reduced body condition. 5. Therefore, predator attacks in the tail may be less potentially mortal than those in the head and body, but have costs in terms of an efficient antipredatory response that persist in post-metamorphic stage. This effect might compromise metamorph ability to survive subsequent predator attacks.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of arboreal toad (Anura: Bufonidae: Chaunus) from Madidi National Park, Bolivia
FIGURE 2. Map of Bolivia with a bold square indicating the type locality of Chaunus tacana sp. nov.
FIGURE 5 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 5. Tree ferns (Cyathaea manniana) at the type locality of Nectophrynoides paulae.
FIGURE 3. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5624 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 3. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5624 in life.
FIGURE 1 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 1. Location of the Ukaguru Mountains, forest reserves demarcation and collecting site.
FIGURE 2. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5629 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 2. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5629 in life.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.