Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 2 in DNA barcode polymorphism within a common widespread rove beetle Quedius molochinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

FIGURE 2. Habitus and aedeagus (in lateral view) of Quedius molochinus specimens from each of three molecular clades: UTMN_LISP_252 from clade-1; NHMD_2304 from clade-2 and NHMD_2301 from clade-3. Scale bar for habitus images: 1 mm; scale bar for aedeagi 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in DNA barcode polymorphism within a common widespread rove beetle Quedius molochinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the material of Quedius molochinus used in this study. Color filled circles—sequenced specimens; empty circles—non-sequenced specimens. Orange circles correspond to specimens of molecular clade-1, blue circles to clade-2, and pink circles to clade-3.

FIGURE 3 in DNA barcode polymorphism within a common widespread rove beetle Quedius molochinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

FIGURE 3. Everted internal sac (endophallus) of Quedius molochinus, specimen from Denmark, in lateral view. Scale bar: 1mm.

FIGURE 4 in DNA barcode polymorphism within a common widespread rove beetle Quedius molochinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

FIGURE 4. Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree of Quedius molochinus and allied species based on COI barcode. Specimens sequenced and morphologically examined here are designated with (*). Sequences obtained from BOLD or GenBank (**) were not examined here. Bars delimiting molecular clades 1–3 within Q. molochinus are colored as in Fig. 1. Numbers at nodes are Bayesian Posterior Probability (PP).

FIGURE 5 in DNA barcode polymorphism within a common widespread rove beetle Quedius molochinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

FIGURE 5. Haplotype network of Quedius molochinus and outgroups based on COI gene obtained with TCS using PopArt.

opennotspecifiedApr 2024View details →

Figure 1 in Widespread population of invasive ferrets Mustela furo (Carnivora: Mustelidae) on the island of Madeira, Macaronesia

Figure 1: Distribution of the observations of Mustela furo in Madeira island, Portugal. Coordinates and year of observation are provided in Supplementary Table S1.

opennotspecifiedApr 2024View details →

Figure 2 in Widespread population of invasive ferrets Mustela furo (Carnivora: Mustelidae) on the island of Madeira, Macaronesia

Figure 2: Examples of Mustela furo observations in Madeira island. Ferret predation on (A) IUCN endangered Zino's petrel (Pterodroma madeira), (B) juvenile of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) and (C) rodent (Rattus spp.). Photos (D) and (E) were captured during camera-trap surveys conducted in 2021 and 2023 in the Ecological Park of Funchal, respectively. Photo (F) depicts a road-killed individual.

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

Widespread intersex differentiation across the stickleback genome – the signature of sexually antagonistic selection?

Females and males within a species commonly have distinct reproductive roles, and the associated traits may be under perpetual divergent natural selection between the sexes if their sex-specific control has not yet evolved. We here explore whether such sexually antagonistic selection can be detected based on the magnitude of differentiation between the sexes across genome-wide genetic polymorphisms by whole-genome sequencing of large pools of female and male threespine stickleback fish. We find numerous autosomal genome regions exhibiting intersex allele frequency differences beyond the range plausible under pure sampling stochasticity. Alternative sequence alignment strategies rule out that these high-differentiation regions represent sex chromosome segments misassembled into the autosomes. Instead, comparing allele frequencies and sequence read depth between the sexes reveals that regions of high intersex differentiation arise because autosomal chromosome segments got copied into the male-specific sex chromosome (Y), where they acquired new mutations. Because the Y chromosome is missing in the stickleback reference genome, sequence reads from derived DNA copies on the Y chromosome still align to the original homologous regions on the autosomes. We argue that this phenomenon hampers the identification of sexually antagonistic selection within a genome, and can lead to spurious conclusions from population genomic analyses when the underlying samples differ in sex ratios. Because the hemizygous sex chromosome sequence (Y or W) is not represented in most reference genomes, these problems may apply broadly.

opencc-zeroJul 2019View details →

Data from: Evolutionary potential of a widespread clonal grass under changing climate

Adaptive responses are probably the most effective long-term responses of populations to climate change, but they require sufficient evolutionary potential upon which selection can act. This requires high genetic variance for the traits under selection, and low antagonizing genetic covariances between the different traits. Evolutionary potential estimates are still scarce for long-lived, clonal plants, although these species are predicted to dominate the landscape with climate change. We studied the evolutionary potential of a perennial grass, Festuca rubra, in western Norway, in two controlled environments corresponding to extreme environments in natural populations: cold-dry and warm-wet, the latter being consistent with the climatic predictions for the country. We estimated genetic variances, covariances, selection gradients and response to selection for a wide range of growth, resource acquisition and physiological traits, and compared their estimates between the environments. We showed that the evolutionary potential of F. rubra is high in both environments, and genetic covariances define one main direction along which selection can act with relatively few constraints to selection. The observed response to selection at present is not sufficient to produce genotypes adapted to the predicted climate change under a simple, space for time substitution model. However, the current populations contain genotypes which are pre-adapted to the new climate, especially for growth and resource acquisition traits. Overall, these results suggest that the present populations of the long-lived clonal plant may have sufficient evolutionary potential to withstand long-term climate changes through adaptive responses. We studied the evolutionary potential of a perennial grass, Festuca rubra, in western Norway, in two controlled environments corresponding to extreme environments in natural populations: cold-dry and warm-wet, the latter being consistent with the climatic predictions for the country. We estimated genetic variances, covariances, selection gradients and response to selection for a wide range of growth, resource acquisition and physiological traits, and compared their estimates between the environments. We showed that the evolutionary potential of F. rubra is high in both environments, and genetic covariances define one main direction along which selection can act with relatively few constraints to selection. The observed response to selection at present is not sufficient to produce genotypes adapted to the predicted climate change under a simple, space for time substitution model. However, the current populations contain genotypes which are pre-adapted to the new climate, especially for growth and resource acquisition traits. Overall, these results suggest that the present populations of the long-lived clonal plant may have sufficient evolutionary potential to withstand long-term climate changes through adaptive responses.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Widespread introgression in Chinese indigenous chicken breeds from commercial broiler

Chinese indigenous chickens constitute world-renowned genetic resources due to their excellent traits, including early puberty, good meat quality, and strong resistance to disease. Unfortunately, the introduction of a large number of commercial chickens in the past two decades has had an adverse effect on Chinese indigenous chickens. Using the chicken 60K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, we assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of 1,187 chickens, representing eight Chinese indigenous chicken breeds, two hybrid chicken breeds, two ancestral chicken breeds, two commercial populations, and additional red jungle fowl. By investigating haplotype similarity, we found extensive gene introgression from commercial broiler to almost all Chinese indigenous chickens. Approximately 15% of the genome, on average, of Chinese indigenous chickens was introgressed, ranging from 0.64% for Tibetan chicken to 21.52% for Huiyang Bearded chicken. Further analysis revealed signals consistent with positive selection in the introgression loci. For the first time, we systematically mapped and quantified introgression from commercial broiler to Chinese indigenous chickens at the whole genome level. Our data provided a usable resource for chicken genetic diversity, and our findings indicated a dire need for protecting the genetic resources of Chinese indigenous chickens.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Widespread gene flow between oceans in a pelagic seabird species complex

Global-scale gene flow is an important concern in conservation biology as it has the potential to either increase or decrease genetic diversity in species and populations. Although many studies focus on the gene flow between different populations of a single species, the potential for gene flow and introgression between species is understudied, particularly in seabirds. The only well-studied example of a mixed-species, hybridizing population of petrels exists on Round Island, in the Indian Ocean. Previous research assumed that Round Island represents a point of secondary contact between Atlantic (Pterodroma arminjoniana) and Pacific species (Pterodroma neglecta and Pterodroma heraldica). This study uses microsatellite genotyping and tracking data to address the possibility of between-species hybridization occurring outside the Indian Ocean. Dispersal and gene flow spanning three oceans were demonstrated between the species in this complex. Analysis of migration rates estimated using bayesass revealed unidirectional movement of petrels from the Atlantic and Pacific into the Indian Ocean. Conversely, structure analysis revealed gene flow between species of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, with potential three-way hybrids occurring outside the Indian Ocean. Additionally, geolocation tracking of Round Island petrels revealed two individuals travelling to the Atlantic and Pacific. These results suggest that interspecific hybrids in Pterodroma petrels are more common than was previously assumed. This study is the first of its kind to investigate gene flow between populations of closely related Procellariiform species on a global scale, demonstrating the need for consideration of widespread migration and hybridization in the conservation of threatened seabirds.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Lecanora layana (Lecanoraceae), a new sorediate species widespread in temperate eastern North America

Lecanora layana is described as new to science based on collections from throughout temperate eastern North America. The species is sorediate and both morphologically and chemically similar to L. nothocaesiella, differing in the production of stictic acid in addition to atranorin and zeorin. As apothecia are unknown in L. layana, the hypothesized generic placement and relationship with L. nothocaesiella were confirmed with molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU sequence data.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Influence of northern limit range on genetic diversity and structure in a widespread North American tree, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall)

Due to climate change, the ranges of many North-American tree species are expected to shift northward. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) reaches its northern continuous distributional limit in north-eastern North America at the transition between boreal mixed-wood and temperate deciduous forests. We hypothesized that marginal fragmented northern populations from the boreal mixed-wood would have a distinct pattern of genetic structure and diversity. We analyzed 18 microsatellite loci variation in 23 populations distributed along three latitudinal transects (west, central and east) that encompass the continuous-discontinuous species range. Each transect was divided into two zones, continuous (temperate deciduous) and discontinuous (boreal mixed-wood), based on sugar maple stand abundance. Respective positive and negative relationships were found between the distance of each population to the northern limit (D north), and allelic richness (AR) and population differentiation (FST). These relations were tested for each transect separately; the pattern (discontinuous/continuous) remained significant only for the western transect. structure analysis revealed the presence of four clusters. The most northern populations of each transect were assigned to a distinct group. Asymmetrical gene flow occurred from the southern into the four northernmost populations. Southern populations in Québec may have originated from two different postglacial migration routes. No evidence was found to validate the hypothesis that northern populations were remnants of a larger population that had migrated further north of the species range after the retreat of the ice sheet. The northernmost sugar maple populations possibly originated from long distance dispersal.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Environmental factors influence both abundance and genetic diversity in a widespread bird species

Genetic diversity is one of the key evolutionary variables that correlate with population size, being of critical importance for population viability and the persistence of species. Genetic diversity can also have important ecological consequences within populations, and in turn, ecological factors may drive patterns of genetic diversity. However, the relationship between the genetic diversity of a population and how this interacts with ecological processes has so far only been investigated in a few studies. Here, we investigate the link between ecological factors, local population size, and allelic diversity, using a field study of a common bird species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). We studied sparrows outside the breeding season in a confined small valley dominated by dispersed farms and small-scale agriculture in southern France. Population surveys at 36 locations revealed that sparrows were more abundant in locations with high food availability. We then captured and genotyped 891 house sparrows at 10 microsatellite loci from a subset of these locations (N = 12). Population genetic analyses revealed weak genetic structure, where each locality represented a distinct substructure within the study area. We found that food availability was the main factor among others tested to influence the genetic structure between locations. These results suggest that ecological factors can have strong impacts on both population size per se and intrapopulation genetic variation even at a small scale. On a more general level, our data indicate that a patchy environment and low dispersal rate can result in fine-scale patterns of genetic diversity. Given the importance of genetic diversity for population viability, combining ecological and genetic data can help to identify factors limiting population size and determine the conservation potential of populations.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Negative relationship between thermal tolerance and plasticity in tolerance emerges during experimental evolution in a widespread marine invertebrate

Whether populations can adapt to predicted climate change conditions, and how rapidly, are critical questions for the management of natural systems. Experimental evolution has become an important tool to answer these questions. In order to provide useful, realistic insights into the adaptive response of populations to climate change, there needs to be careful consideration of how genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity interact to generate observed phenotypic changes. We exposed three populations of the widespread copepod Acartia tonsa (Crustacea) to chronic, sub-lethal temperature selection for 15 generations. We generated thermal survivorship curves at regular intervals both during and after this period of selection to track the evolution of thermal tolerance. Using reciprocal transplants between ambient and warming conditions, we also tracked changes in the strength of phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance. We observed significant increases in thermal tolerance in the warming lineages, while plasticity in thermal tolerance was strongly reduced.

FIGURE 2. PCA diagrams for the first two factors, F1 and F2 in Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a "new" widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America

FIGURE 2. PCA diagrams for the first two factors, F1 and F2, with the variance explained by each. Italicized numbers correspond to the characters in Table 1. A: Bartramia (Anacolia) laevisphaera; M: Bartramia rosamrosiae sp. nov.; S: Bartramia stricta.

FIGURE 5 in Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a "new" widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America

FIGURE 5. Comparison of: A. Bartramia laevisphaera, B. B. stricta, C. B. rosamrosiae sp. nov.. First row: Cortex cells (scale bar 20 µm). Second row: Central strand illustrating the proportional differences (scale bar 100 µm). Third row: Leaf shape (scale bar A3 = 2 mm; B3–C3 = 1 mm) & distal margin (scale bar 50 µm). Last row): Cross section at leaf base (scale bar A4/B4 = 100 µm; C4 = 50 µm).

FIGURE 1 in Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a "new" widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree based on the combined trnS-F and ITS matrix. Likelihood bootstrap percentages are depicted above (bold) the branch followed by posterior probabilities. Support values from the analyses including indel coding are depicted below the branches: with MPBSsic formatted in italics and PPsic underlined.

FIGURE 6 in Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a "new" widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America

FIGURE 6. Distribution of the species of Bartramia sect. Strictidium: Cross = B. breutelii; Triangles = B. rosamrosiae sp. nov.; Stars = B. (Anacolia) laevisphaera; Squares = B. stricta.

FIGURE 4 in Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a "new" widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America

FIGURE 4. Comparison of: A. Bartramia laevisphaera. B. B. stricta. C. B. rosamrosiae sp. nov. First row: Sporophyte dry (scale bar 2 mm). Second row: Plant dry (scale bar 2 mm). Third row: Plant wet (scale bar 2 mm).