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Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic ranges of Microtoscoptini-bearing sites. Correlation of ELMA and NALMA with earth years is according to Hilgen et al. (2012). Localities of very broad stratigraphic range (e.g., the entire Turolian or Hemphillian, as for Vasilivka 1, Lobkove, Little Valley, Cambridge), do not contribute to detail the range, and are omitted in this figure. in Comments On The Age And Dispersal Of Microtoscoptini (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic ranges of Microtoscoptini-bearing sites. Correlation of ELMA and NALMA with earth years is according to Hilgen et al. (2012). Localities of very broad stratigraphic range (e.g., the entire Turolian or Hemphillian, as for Vasilivka 1, Lobkove, Little Valley, Cambridge), do not contribute to detail the range, and are omitted in this figure.

Text-fig. 1. Known geographic distribution of Microtoscoptini. 1 – Ertemte 1 and 2; 2 – Olan Chorea; 3 – Harr Obo 2; 4 – Shala; 5 – Baogeda Ula; 6 – Bilutu; 7 – Kholu (Southern Tuva); 8 – Sarayskoe (Olkhon Island); 9 – Hyargas-nuur; 10 – Petropavlovsk; 11 – Pavlodar; 12 – Akshauli; 13 – Selety 1A; 14 – Kedej 1A; 15 – Makovka; 16 – Cherevychne 3; 17 – Protopopovka 3; 18 – Verkhnya Krynytsa 2; 19 – Vasylivka 1; 20 – Lobkove; 21 – Rome; 22 – Bartlett Mountain; 23 – Bartlett Mountain (General); 24 – Juniper Creek; 25 – Little Valley; 26 – Stroud Claim; 27 – Kelley Road; 28 – Moonstone Formation; 29 – Lemoyne Quarry; 30 – Feltz Ranch; 31 – Cambridge; 32 – Rick Irwin Site; 33 – Rabbit Hole. in Comments On The Age And Dispersal Of Microtoscoptini (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Text-fig. 1. Known geographic distribution of Microtoscoptini. 1 – Ertemte 1 and 2; 2 – Olan Chorea; 3 – Harr Obo 2; 4 – Shala; 5 – Baogeda Ula; 6 – Bilutu; 7 – Kholu (Southern Tuva); 8 – Sarayskoe (Olkhon Island); 9 – Hyargas-nuur; 10 – Petropavlovsk; 11 – Pavlodar; 12 – Akshauli; 13 – Selety 1A; 14 – Kedej 1A; 15 – Makovka; 16 – Cherevychne 3; 17 – Protopopovka 3; 18 – Verkhnya Krynytsa 2; 19 – Vasylivka 1; 20 – Lobkove; 21 – Rome; 22 – Bartlett Mountain; 23 – Bartlett Mountain (General); 24 – Juniper Creek; 25 – Little Valley; 26 – Stroud Claim; 27 – Kelley Road; 28 – Moonstone Formation; 29 – Lemoyne Quarry; 30 – Feltz Ranch; 31 – Cambridge; 32 – Rick Irwin Site; 33 – Rabbit Hole.

Text-fig. 6. Photo of cave lion lower premolar p4 root cut. The approximate age of individual is 9.5 years (No 3 in Tabs 6, 7). The thin layers on the edge of root are the dental cement increments; number 1 marks winter increment, number 2 marks summer increment. Photo by M. Nývltová Fišáková. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 6. Photo of cave lion lower premolar p4 root cut. The approximate age of individual is 9.5 years (No 3 in Tabs 6, 7). The thin layers on the edge of root are the dental cement increments; number 1 marks winter increment, number 2 marks summer increment. Photo by M. Nývltová Fišáková.

Text-fig. 1. Map of Germany with outline of North Rhine- Westphalia indicated; detailed map with sample locations (asterisks), motorways and major cities. in Everything Is A Question Of Time - Age Of Important Quaternary Palaeontological Finds From Westphalia

Text-fig. 1. Map of Germany with outline of North Rhine- Westphalia indicated; detailed map with sample locations (asterisks), motorways and major cities.

Text-fig. 2. Skeletal scheme of a woolly mammoth (Abel 1925) with preserved bone material of the Ahlen specimen shaded. in Everything Is A Question Of Time - Age Of Important Quaternary Palaeontological Finds From Westphalia

Text-fig. 2. Skeletal scheme of a woolly mammoth (Abel 1925) with preserved bone material of the Ahlen specimen shaded.

Text-fig. 6. The skeletal remains of the European bison from Gladbeck as reconstruction and presentation in the anatomical position. GMM A5.K 517. in Everything Is A Question Of Time - Age Of Important Quaternary Palaeontological Finds From Westphalia

Text-fig. 6. The skeletal remains of the European bison from Gladbeck as reconstruction and presentation in the anatomical position. GMM A5.K 517.

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Fig. 24 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 24. Interpretive restoration of sinuous westtoeast trend of the Carpenter Ranch paleochannel axis incised into rocks of the White River Group, Goshen County, Wyoming, and Sioux County, Nebraska. Inset illustrates a typical northwesttosoutheast crosssection of the paleochannel from Duncan Buttes to Merycochoerus Butte.

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Fig. 26 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 26. Trend of early Miocene paleovalleys of early Hemingfordian age east of the Rocky Mountain Front Range and Laramie Mountains in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. Oldest mammal faunas in the valley fills document the initiation of regional uplift at;18.2–18.8 Ma. 1, Carpenter Ranch Runningwater paleovalley; 2, Martin Canyon paleovalley; 3, Troublesome Formation basinfill, Middle Park, Colorado.

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Fig. 25 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 25. Alignment of the Carpenter Ranch and Runningwater paleovalley systems in southeastern Wyoming and western Nebraska. Fossil mammals in these early Miocene fluvial sediments indicate an early Hemingfordian age.

Figure 17 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 17. Histology of muted persistent coarse surfaces. A, attachment of m. puboischiofemoralis (FWC 40583, femur section b). B, fourth trochanter (FWC 40583, femur section b). Scale bars = 919 µm.

Figure 18 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 18. Individual variation in surface pattern and growth in Lake Griffin alligators. A, overprinted etched and dotted porosity (FWC 40723, femur). B, mainly smooth surface with faint scattered dotted porosity (FWC 40583, femur). C, fibrolamellar zones underlying porous surface shown in A (FWC 40723, femur section c). D, lamellar zones underlying smooth surface shown in B (FWC 40583, femur section c). Scale bars: A, B = 1 cm; C, D = 919 µm.

Figure 16 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 16. Histology of normal persistent coarse surfaces. A, Sharpey's fibres (arrows) visible as black thread-like structures beneath the bone surface (FWC LGS8, tibia section a). B, collateral ligament attachment site (FWC 40583, femur section e). C, fourth trochanter. Arrow indicates recently enclosed channel (FWC 40723, femur section b). D, attachment of m. puboischiofemoralis (FWC LGS1, femur section b). E, lateral (cranial) surface of deltopectoral crest (FWC 40723, humerus section b). F, humeral proximal cranial (ventral) surface. Arrows indicate recently enclosed channels (FWC 35119, humerus section a). Scale bars: A = 230 µm; B–F = 919 µm.

Figure 15. Histology underlying grossly smooth surface patterns. A in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 15. Histology underlying grossly smooth surface patterns. A, slight surface undulations (arrows) associated grossly with shallow dimples (FWC 40854, femur section b). B, smooth surface underlain by zone of lamellar bone (FWC 40583, humerus section c). C, smooth surface underlain by annulus. Arrows indicate annuli throughout cortex (FWC LGS8, tibia section d). Scale bars = 230 µm.

Figure 12 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 12. Possible geographical effect on the relationships between bone texture type and femur length body-size proxy for wild individuals of known sex. A, femora of Florida animals. B, tibiae of Florida animals. C, humeri of Florida animals. D, tibiae of Everglades animals only. E, humeri of Everglades animals only.

Figure 14. Histology underlying porous surface patterns. A in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 14. Histology underlying porous surface patterns. A, zone of fibrolamellar bone underlying etched porous surface (FWC 40723, tibia section c). B, fibrolamellar zone with large radial channels (arrow) underlying surface with overprinted dotted and etched porosity (FWC 40723, femur section c). C, longitudinal channels underlying radiating fibrous region, with arrows indicating channels intersecting and recently incorporated into the bone surface (FWC LGS4, femur section d). D, channels in varying orientations underlying dotted porous surface (FWC LGS1, femur section c). E, zone of lamellar bone underlying dotted porous surface (FWC 40583, humerus section c). Scale bars = 230 µm.

Figure 13 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 13. Relationships between bone texture type and cluster-based percentage maturity indices. Circle diameter proportional to number of individuals. A, femora: three individuals 25% mature, 21 individuals 50% mature, 61 individuals 75% mature, 24 individuals 100% mature. B, tibiae: one individual 0% mature, 16 individuals 33% mature, 24 individuals 67% mature, four individuals 100% mature. C, humeri: three individuals 0% mature, seven individuals 33% mature, 32 individuals 67% mature, six individuals 100% mature.

Figure 10 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 10. Relationships between bone texture type and femur length body-size proxy for individuals of known sex. A, male femora. B, female femora. C, male tibiae. D, female tibiae. E, male humeri. F, female humeri.

Figure 8 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 8. Examples of grossly smooth and muted persistent coarse surfaces. A, shallow surface dimples (arrows) (MOR HIP2001-08R-32, femur). B, smooth surface (FWC 40853, femur). C, muted texture, femoral fourth trochanter (FWC 40853). D, muted texture, femoral proximal lateral (dorsal) surface (FWC 40859). Scale bars = 1 cm.

Figure 2 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 2. Diagrammatic representation of Alligator long bones showing locations of thin sections used in histological analyses in relation to major bone contours. Elements are all drawn to the same scale and are not in proportion to one another as they would be in a single individual. A, femur, caudomedial (caudoventral) view. B, tibia, cranial view. C, humerus, cranial (ventral) view.

Figure 1 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Figure 1. Diagrammatic representation of Alligator long bones illustrating bone landmarks used in determining sizeindependent maturity estimates. Elements are all drawn to the same scale and are not in proportion to one another as they would be in a single individual. Numbers correspond to character definitions in Appendix 1. A, femur, craniolateral (craniodorsal) view. B, femur, caudomedial (caudoventral) view. C, tibia, cranial view. D, tibia, caudal view. E, humerus, cranial (ventral) view. F, humerus, caudolateral (dorsocranial) view.