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FIGURES 15–20 in New genera and new species of Western Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

FIGURES 15–20. Live adults and their habitats. (15a) Illyria viridis sp. n., male singing; (15b) same species, type locality; (16a) Chrysocicada trophis sp. n., mating pair; (16b) same species, type locality; (17a) Pedana hesperia gen. et sp. n., male calling; (17b) same species, type locality; (18a) Ewartia adusta sp. n., male; (18b) same species, type locality; (19a) Erempsalta hermannsburgensis (Distant, 1907), male calling in its usual upside-down position; (19b) same species, favoured adult host plant; (20a) Calipsalta brunnea gen. et sp. n., male; (20b) same species, habitat near Wolfe Creek Meteorite Crater, close to type locality. Not to scale.

FIGURES 1–7 in New genera and new species of Western Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

FIGURES 1–7. (1a) Illyria viridis sp. n., male; (1b) Illyria viridis sp. n., female; (2) Pedana hesperia gen. et sp. n., male; (3a) Chrysocicada trophis sp. n., male; (3b) Chrysocicada trophis sp. n., female; (4) Parvopsalta victoriae gen. et sp. n., male; (5) Ewartia adusta sp. n., female; (6) Pegapsaltria lutea gen. et sp. n., male; (7a) Kalarko ferruginosus gen. et sp. n., male; (7b) Kalarko ferruginosus gen. et sp. n., female.

FIGURES 21–22 in New genera and new species of Western Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

FIGURES 21–22. Illyria viridis sp. n. (21) distribution; (22a) male genitalia in lateral view; (22b) same in ventral view; (22c) dissected aedeagus in lateral view; (22d) basal plate in dorsal view, apex at right.

FIGURES 8–14 in New genera and new species of Western Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

FIGURES 8–14. (8) Erempsalta hermannsburgensis (Distant, 1907), male; (9) Calipsalta fumosa gen. et sp. n., male; (10) Calipsalta viridans gen. et sp. n., female; (11) Calipsalta brunnea gen. et sp. n., male; (12a) Pyropsalta patula sp. n., male; (12b) Pyropsalta patula sp. n., female; (13a) Pyropsalta amnica sp. n., male; (13b) Pyropsalta amnica sp. n., female; (14a) Pyropsalta rhythmica sp. n., male (14b) Pyropsalta rhythmica sp. n., female.

Figure 7. cox1 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 7. cox1 chronogram from the *BEAST multispecies coalescent analysis, showing divergence times for intraspecific haplotype clades as bars indicating the 95% highest posterior density intervals. Taxa with asterisks were missing cox1, and their positions within the species clades are determined by the EF1α gene tree.

Figure 8 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 8. Lectotype of Tettigonia cruentata Fabricius, 1775, type species of genus Rhodopsalta Dugdale, 1972, with attached labels shown. Scale bars: 1 cm. Photographs by B. Price.

Figure 6 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 6. Primary geographical subclades found for the sequenced specimens, mapped for each Rhodopsalta species.

Figure 5 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 5. Single-gene Bayesian phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial cox1 (1486 bp; A) and nuclear EF1α (798 bp; B) using CIPRES v.3.3. Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony informative sites is 239 for cox1 and 61 for EF1α.

Figure 4 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on 2284 bp of concatenated genes (5′ and 3′ cox1 and EF1α). Six partition subsets were used (by gene and codon position for each gene, respectively). Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony-informative sites is 300. Grey boxes show mean divergence time estimates and 95% confidence intervals from the *BEAST analysis.

Figure 3 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 3. Waveforms illustrating song phenotypes of the three Rhodopsalta species. All fully developed Rhodopsalta songs consist of repeated phrases, the first one of which is indicated by a bracket in graphs A–F. Stars indicate the observed or inferred (Rhodopsalta microdora) positions of wing-flick responses produced by sexually receptive females.

Figure 1 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 1. Palaeogeographical maps depicting topographical change in the North Island of New Zealand throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. Maps were modified and reprinted from Ellis et al. (2015), with permission.

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Figure 10 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 10. Habitats of Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. in Tiglieto (Liguria, A) and at the Monte San Giorgio (Ticino, B), and most important location of Cicadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov. in the mountainous Pollino National Park (C). Threatened core population habitat of Cicadetta anapaistica anapaistica in the Madonie Mountains as a result of overgrazing and soil erosion (D).

Figure 8 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 8. Distribution of the genus Tibicina in northern Sardinia and southern Corsica. All records are confirmed by song assessments. Large circle: ≥ 30 specimens detected. Medium circle: 6–29 specimens. Small circle: 1–5 specimens.

Figure 6 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 6. Habitat specialization of the Tibicina OTUs from northern Sardinia. A, portions of eight vegetation classes in all four Tibicina OTUs from Sardinia. Data are shown per square root of observed individuals (Nind = 586). Foreground drawing after Puissant & Sueur (2001). B, portions of eight vegetation classes in partly sympatrically occurring CIST and LONG. Data is visualized per location and the two class variables are displayed on the axes (dominance of ligneous plants vs. vegetation height; Nloc = 42). Bold numbers are vegetation class numbers and black dashes indicate the number of counts. Example: Vegetation class 3 fits for 8.5 locations in CIST, containing 2.5 locations in sympatry with LONG and 6 locations in allopatry to LONG. Typical Northern Sardinian habitats of: C, CIST (grassland, Pattada); D, CORS (low shrubland, Stintino); E, LONG (tall shrubland, Priatu); F, NIGR (woodland, Rena Majore).

Figure 4 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 4. Morphological trends in the Corso-Sardinian Tibicina OTUs CIST, CORS and LONG (part I). Colour tints of basal and central forewing venation. RGB-values taken at two positions (see numbered ovals in example CIST) from photographs of live individuals. R-values constant for boxes, G-values at vertical axes, B-values at horizontal axes. Size of circles is relative to the measured occurrences (Nind = 95, N max = 12, Nmin = 1). Two typical venation phenotypes of LONG and CIST (right, below). CORS and T. c. corsica are merged for easier illustration.

Figure 5 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 5. Morphological trends in the Corso-Sardinian Tibicina OTUs CIST, CORS and LONG (part II). Individual ranks of overall alignments of hair cover of submedian sigilla on mesonotum vs. black portion shining through hairs on sternites IV to VI (see green framed body sectors; Nind = 70). Photographs visualize extreme phenotypes. Individuals were labelled with a random number and sorted twice for each character from photographs of live individuals and alignments differed only by a mean of 4.7 (sigilla) respectively 6.5 rank positions (sternites). Significances were similar and mean ranks of individuals of repeated alignments are shown here. CORS and T. c. corsica are merged for easier illustration.

Figure 2 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 2. Calling song examples of the Tibicina OTUs from northern Sardinia. A, sonograms of LONG and CIST (10-s phrases). B, oscillograms (time vs. amplitude) of four different OTUs (0.5-s phrases, left and 0.1-s phrases, right) with terms marked.

Figure 1 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 1. Map with investigated populations in northern Sardinia and southern Corsica. The size of the circles is relative to the number of analysed specimens (Nmax = 15, Nmin = 1).

Figure 3 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 3. Calling song characters of the Tibicina OTUs from Sardinia and the known species from Corsica. Mean values per individual. A, syllable periods (SYP) vs. centre frequencies (N ind = 103). B, contribution of PP, NP and ISYD to the species-specific SYP (Nind = 103). C, two converse examples of temperature dependency of SYP (Nind = 19 resp. 23).

Figure 7 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Figure 7. Morphology of Tibicina longisyllaba and relatives. A, holotype male of Tibicina longisyllaba in dorsal view and ventral view of the abdomen from Tempio Pausania (black bar = 1 cm). B, paratype female of Tibicina longisyllaba from Tempio Pausania. C, syntype male of Tibicina cisticola from the Natural History Museum of Berlin with original labels. D, genitalia of T. longisyllaba. Timbals with alternating short and long ribs of (E) T. longisyllaba holotype in comparison to (F) T. cisticola syntype (equal magnification, almost similar body size, 24.4 resp. 24.8 mm; white perpendicular line = timbal width definition). Morphological extremes in natural habitats: G, male of T. nigronervosa; H, male of T. sp. indet.