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1,890 results for “cooperative”
Data from: Reproductive sharing in relation to group and colony-level attributes in a cooperative breeding fish
The degree to which group members share reproduction is dictated by both within-group (e.g. group size and composition) and between-group (e.g. density and position of neighbours) characteristics. While many studies have investigated reproductive patterns within social groups, few have simultaneously explored how within-group and between-group social structure influence these patterns. Here, we investigated how group size and composition, along with territory density and location within the colony, influenced parentage in 36 wild groups of a colonial, cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher. Dominant males sired 76% of offspring in their group, whereas dominant females mothered 82% of offspring in their group. Subordinate reproduction was frequent, occurring in 47% of sampled groups. Subordinate males gained more paternity in groups located in high-density areas and in groups with many subordinate males. Dominant males and females in large groups and in groups with many reproductively mature subordinates had higher rates of parentage loss, but only at the colony edge. Our study provides, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive quantification of reproductive sharing among groups of wild N. pulcher, a model species for the study of cooperation and social behaviour. Further, we demonstrate that the frequency of extra-pair parentage differs across small social and spatial scales.
Data from: Re-evaluating the distribution of cooperative breeding in birds: is it tightly linked with altriciality?
The evolution of cooperative breeding (CB) in birds has aroused intensive interest for decades, largely due to the paradox that some adults forgo independent breeding to help others. While much effort has been directed at understanding the adaptive significance of CB behavior, much less effort has been spent on understanding its origin. Ligon and Burt argued that the evolution of altriciality played a key role in the origin of CB since CB occurs more frequently in altricial lineages than expected if developmental mode and CB evolved independently and that both traits arose early in the avian tree of life. We mapped presence or absence of CB, and precocial or altricial development on a recent phylogeny of all birds to re-evaluate their conclusions. Our results suggest altriciality may be more recently derived than previously thought, and that CB species clustered in a derived land bird clade (especially within Passeriformes) where we reconstructed many gains and losses. We did find a link between cooperative breeding and altriciality. However, since CB also occurs in precocial species, has not evolved in many altricial clades, and may have evolved prior to altriciality (based on some classifications of which species have CB), it is not clear whether altriciality is linked to other factors, such as benefits to group living, that are necessary for the acquisition of CB behavior, or whether altriciality may have been a driving force in the evolution of CB itself. The relative importance of these other factors versus altriciality for the origin of CB needs to be considered.
Data from: Ecological conditions alter cooperative behaviour and its costs in a chemically defended sawfly
The evolution of cooperation and social behaviour is often studied in isolation from the ecology of organisms. Yet, the selective environment under which individuals evolve is much more complex in nature, consisting of ecological and abiotic interactions in addition to social ones. Here we measured the life-history costs of cooperative chemical defence in a gregarious social herbivore, Diprion pini pine sawfly larvae, and how these costs vary under different ecological conditions. We ran a rearing experiment where we manipulated diet (resin content) and attack intensity by repeatedly harassing larvae to produce a chemical defence. We show that forcing individuals to allocate more to cooperative defence (high attack intensity) incurred a clear cost by decreasing individual survival and potency of chemical defence. Cooperative behaviour and the magnitude of its costs were further shaped by host plant quality. Number of individuals participating in group defence, immune responses, and female growth decreased on a high resin diet under high attack intensity. We also found some benefits of cheating: non-defending males had higher growth rates across treatments. Together these results suggest that ecological interactions can shape the adaptive value of cooperative behaviour and maintain variation in the frequency of cooperation and cheating.
Data from: Repeatable and heritable behavioural variation in a wild cooperative breeder
Quantifying consistent differences in behaviour among individuals is vital to understanding the ecological and evolutionary significance of animal personality. To quantify personality, the phenotypic variation of a behavioural trait is partitioned to assess how it varies among individuals, which is also known as repeatability. If pedigree data are available, the phenotypic variation can then be further partitioned to estimate the additive genetic variance and heritability. Assessing the repeatability and heritability of personality traits therefore allows for a better understanding of what natural selection can act upon, enabling evolution. In a natural population of facultative cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis) on Cousin Island, a lack of breeding vacancies forces individuals into different life-history strategies, and these differences in reproductive state could generate behavioural differences among individuals in the population. We used this population to estimate the repeatability of 4 behavioural traits (novel environment exploration, novel object exploration, obstinacy/struggle rate, and escape response), and narrow-sense heritability (of behavior, h2B; behavior minus observer variance; and personality), and evolvability, of the repeatable behavioural traits. We also tested for an among-individual correlation between the repeatable traits. We found that, compared to estimates in other study species, the exploratory behaviours were moderately repeatable (0.23–0.37), there was a positive among-individual correlation (0.51) between novel environment and novel object exploration, and that novel environment exploration was moderately heritable (0.17; h2B was low as it includes observer variance). This study further clarifies the additive genetic variance available for selection to act upon in this cooperatively breeding bird.
Data from: Payoff-based learning explains the decline in cooperation in public goods games
Economic games such as the public goods game are increasingly being used to measure social behaviours in humans and non-human primates. The results of such games have been used to argue that people are pro-social, and that humans are uniquely altruistic, willingly sacrificing their own welfare in order to benefit others. However, an alternative explanation for the empirical observations is that individuals are mistaken, but learn, during the game, how to improve their personal payoff. We test between these competing hypotheses, by comparing the explanatory power of different behavioural rules, in public goods games, where individuals are given different amounts of information. We find: (i) that individual behaviour is best explained by a learning rule that is trying to maximize personal income; (ii) that conditional cooperation disappears when the consequences of cooperation are made clearer; and (iii) that social preferences, if they exist, are more anti-social than pro-social.
Data from: The path to re-evolve cooperation is constrained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Background. A common form of cooperation in bacteria is based on the secretion of beneficial metabolites, shareable as public good among cells within a group. Because cooperation can be exploited by "cheating" mutants, which contribute less or nothing to the public good, there has been great interest in understanding the conditions required for cooperation to remain evolutionarily stable. In contrast, much less is known about whether cheats, once fixed in the population, are able to revert back to cooperation when conditions change. Here, we tackle this question by subjecting experimentally evolved cheats of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, partly deficient for the production of the iron-scavenging public good pyoverdine, to conditions previously shown to favor cooperation. Results. Following approximately 200 generations of experimental evolution, we screened 720 evolved clones for changes in their pyoverdine production levels. We found no evidence for the re-evolution of full cooperation, even in environments with increased spatial structure, and reduced costs of public good production - two conditions that have previously been shown to maintain cooperation. In contrast, we observed selection for complete abolishment of pyoverdine production. The patterns of complete trait degradation were likely driven by "cheating on cheats" in unstructured, iron-limited environments where pyoverdine is important for growth, and selection against a maladaptive trait in iron-rich environments where pyoverdine is superfluous. Conclusions. Our study shows that the path to re-evolve public-goods cooperation can be constrained. While a limitation of the number of mutational targets potentially leading to reversion might be one reason for the observed pattern, an alternative explanation is that the selective conditions required for revertants to spread from rare are much more stringent than those needed to maintain cooperation.
Winter is coming: harsh environments limit independent reproduction of cooperative-breeding queens in a socially polymorphic ant
<p><span>Animals that live in cooperative breeding groups frequently inhabit harsh environments. It is widely accepted that harsh environments hinder independent reproduction, and this constraint favours individuals staying in family groups. Yet the assumption that harsh ecological conditions reduce the success of members of cooperative breeding groups when breeding independently has not been experimentally tested. We addressed this shortcoming using the socially polymorphic Alpine silver ant, <i>Formica selysi</i>. This species has single-queen (independent breeders), and multiple-queen (cooperative breeders) colonies</span><span> coexisting within populations</span><span>. We placed newly mated queens emerging from each type of colony to breed alone in either a harsh or mild winter condition and recorded their </span>brood production and survival.<span> Queens emerging from single-queen colonies were unaffected by the winter condition and had higher survival and larger broods than queens from multiple-queen colonies. In contrast, queens from multiple-queen colonies had higher mortality after a harsh than after a mild winter. These results support the long-held assumption that harsh environments constrain independent reproduction of members of cooperative breeding groups. </span></p>
Data repository for 'Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar Germanium'
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PEDAGOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DEVELOPING LOGICAL THINKING IN FUTURE EDUCATORS THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY COOPERATION
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COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IS THE BASIS OF ENSURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INDEPENDENT EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-READINESS OF STUDENTS.
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The collapse of cooperation during range expansion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa [Source Data]
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FIGURE 1. Studied area. A in The Genus Philobrya J.G. Cooper, 1867 (Bivalvia: Philobryidae) In Patagonia And Adjacent Antarctic Waters
FIGURE 1. Studied area. A: Detail of sites in the southernmost tip of South America.
Supported data for manuscript "Can LLM-Augmented autonomous agents cooperate?, An evaluation of their cooperative capabilities through Melting Pot"
<p>The repository data corresponds partially to the manuscript titled <strong>"Can LLM-Augmented Autonomous Agents Cooperate? An Evaluation of Their Cooperative Capabilities through Melting Pot,"</strong> submitted to <em>IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence</em>. The dataset comprises experiments conducted with <strong>Large Language Model-Augmented Autonomous Agents (LAAs)</strong>, as implemented in the ["Cooperative Agents" repository](https://github.com/Cooperative-IA/CooperativeGPT/tree/main), using substrates from the Melting Pot framework.</p> <h3>Dataset Scope</h3> <p>This dataset is divided into two main experiment categories:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Personality__experiments</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>These focus on a single scenario (<strong>Commons Harvest</strong>) to assess various agent personalities and their cooperative dynamics.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Comparison_baselines__experiments</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>These experiments include three distinct scenarios designed by Melting Pot: <ul> <li><strong>Commons Harvest Open</strong></li> <li><strong>Externally Mushrooms</strong></li> <li><strong>Coins</strong></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p>These scenarios evaluate different cooperative and competitive behaviors among agents and are used to compare <strong>decision-making architectures</strong> of LAAs against reinforcement learning (RL) baselines. Unlike the <strong>Personality__experiments</strong>, these comparisons do not involve bots but exclusively analyze RL and LAA architectures.</p> <h3>Scenarios and Metrics</h3> <p>The metrics and indicators extracted from the experiments depend on the scenario being evaluated:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Commons Harvest Open</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Focus: <strong>Resource consumption</strong> and <strong>environmental impact</strong>.</li> <li>Metrics include: <ul> <li>Number of apples consumed.</li> <li>Devastation of trees (i.e., depletion of resources).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Externally Mushrooms</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Focus: <strong>Self-interest vs. collective benefit</strong>.</li> <li>Agents consume mushrooms with different outcomes: <ul> <li>Mushrooms that benefit the individual.</li> <li>Mushrooms that benefit everyone.</li> <li>Mushrooms that benefit only others.</li> <li>Mushrooms that benefit the individual but penalize others.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Metrics evaluate trade-offs between individual gain and collective welfare.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Coins</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Focus: <strong>Reciprocity and fairness</strong>.</li> <li>Agents collect coins with two options: <ul> <li>Collect their own color coin for a reward.</li> <li>Collect a different color coin, which grants a reward to the agent but penalizes the other.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Metrics include reciprocity rates and the balance of mutual benefits.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <h3>Objectives of Comparison Experiments</h3> <p>The <strong>Comparison_baselines__experiments</strong> aim to:</p> <ol> <li>Assess how LAAs compare to RL baselines in cooperative and competitive tasks across diverse scenarios.</li> <li>Compare <strong>decision-making architectures</strong> within LAAs, including chain-of-thought and generative approaches.</li> </ol> <p>These experiments help evaluate the robustness of LAAs in scenarios with varying complexity and social dilemmas, providing insights into their potential applications in real-world cooperative systems.</p> <h3>Simulation Details (Applicable to All Experiments)</h3> <p>In each simulation:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Participants</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Experiments involve predefined numbers of LAAs or RL agents.</li> <li>No bots are included in <strong>Comparison_baselines__experiments</strong>.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Action Dynamics</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Each agent performs high-level actions sequentially.</li> <li>Simulations conclude either after reaching a <strong>preset maximum number of rounds</strong> (typically 100) or prematurely if the scenario's resources are fully depleted.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Metrics and Indicators</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Extracted metrics depend on the scenario and include measures of individual performance, collective outcomes, and agent reciprocity.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p>This repository enables reproducibility and serves as a benchmark for advancing research into cooperative and competitive behaviors in LLM-based agents.</p>
Data for: Plasmids do not consistently stabilize cooperation across bacteria, but may promote broad pathogen host-range
<p>Horizontal gene transfer via plasmids could favour cooperation in bacteria, because transfer of a cooperative gene turns non-cooperative cheats into cooperators. This hypothesis has received support from theoretical, genomic and experimental analyses. In contrast, we show here, with a comparative analysis across 51 diverse species, that genes for extracellular proteins, which are likely to act as cooperative 'public goods', were not more likely to be carried on either: (i) plasmids compared to chromosomes; or (ii) plasmids that transfer at higher rates. Our results were supported by theoretical modelling which showed that while horizontal gene transfer can help cooperative genes initially invade a population, it has less influence on the longer-term maintenance of cooperation. Instead, we found that genes for extracellular proteins were more likely to be on plasmids when they coded for pathogenic virulence traits, in pathogenic bacteria with a broad host-range.</p>
Cooperation of membrane-translocated syntaxin4 and basement membrane for dynamic mammary epithelial morphogenesis
<p>Mammary epithelia undergo dramatic morphogenesis after puberty. During pregnancy, luminal epithelial cells in ductal trees are arranged to form well-polarized cystic structures surrounded by a myoepithelial cell layer, an active supplier of the basement membrane (BM). Here, we identified a novel regulatory mechanism involved in this process by using a reconstituted BM-based three-dimensional culture and aggregates of a model mouse cell line, EpH4, that had either been manipulated for inducible expression of the t-SNARE protein syntaxin4 in an intact or signal peptide-connected form, or that were genetically deficient in syntaxin4. We found that cells extruded syntaxin4 upon stimulation with the lactogenic hormone, prolactin, which in turn accelerated the turnover of E-cadherin. In response to extracellular expression of syntaxin4, cell populations that were less affected by the BM actively migrated and integrated into the cell layer facing the BM. Concurrently, the BM-facing cells, which were simultaneously stimulated with syntaxin4 and BM, acquired unique epithelial characteristics to undergo dramatic cellular arrangement for cyst formation. These results highlight the importance of the concerted action of extracellular syntaxin4 extruded in response to the lactogenic hormone and BM components in epithelial morphogenesis.</p>
Data for: Nest cavity reuse by the cooperatively breeding Acorn Woodpecker
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Although primary cavity-nesting species are capable of excavating new cavities, they often reuse old ones. To determine potential factors driving such reuse, we studied nest-cavity reuse in the Acorn Woodpecker (<i>Melanerpes formicivorus</i>), a cooperative breeding species that reuses old cavities for 57.2% of nests at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California, USA. We found no evidence for significant fitness costs or benefits of cavity reuse compared to using newly constructed cavities. In contrast, several lines of evidence supported a role for constraints on both cavity reuse and on new cavity construction. The main constraint on reuse was cavities failing to survive from one year to the next, usually because the limb fell apart, filled with water, or was usurped by another species. Evidence that constraints on new cavity construction may be important included more frequent cavity reuse when groups renested and use of artificial cavities when they were experimentally provided. Nest-cavity reuse in this population appears to be driven primarily by constraints, including the energetic costs and time required to excavate a new cavity, rather than fitness consequences, even though Acorn Woodpeckers regularly excavate small holes in trees for acorn storage and the energetic costs of new cavity construction are apparently insufficient to significantly depress reproductive success. Constraints play a significant role in cavity reuse and may affect both the intraspecific and interspecific frequency of cavity reuse among facultative excavating species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Evidence for 4e charge of Cooper quartets in a biased multi-terminal graphene-based Josephson junction
<p>Raw data and analysis files.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Dooley KE, Niemiller KDK, Sturm N, Niemiller ML (2022) Rediscovery and phylogenetic analysis of the Shelta Cave Crayfish (Orconectes sheltae Cooper & Cooper, 1997), a decapod (Decapoda, Cambaridae) endemic to Shelta Cave in northern Alabama, USA. Subterranean Biology 43: 11-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.79993
Table S2
Supplementary material 1 from: Dooley KE, Niemiller KDK, Sturm N, Niemiller ML (2022) Rediscovery and phylogenetic analysis of the Shelta Cave Crayfish (Orconectes sheltae Cooper & Cooper, 1997), a decapod (Decapoda, Cambaridae) endemic to Shelta Cave in northern Alabama, USA. Subterranean Biology 43: 11-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.79993
Table S1
Dataset of "Parallel InAs nanowires for Cooper pair splitters with Coulomb repulsion"
<p>Raw data of CPS realized in parallel InAs nanowires with Coulomb repulsion.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.