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1,187 results for “herbivores”
Figure 5 in Integration patterns of cheek teeth and ecomorphological evolution in grinding herbivores: the case of caviine rodents (Caviomorpha: Caviidae)
Figure 5. Plot of the PLS 1 of the p4-m3 (lower) and the PLS 1 of the P4-M3 (upper) series. Deformation grids for extremes of each axis are illustrated.
Data from: Widespread habitat for Europe's largest herbivores, but poor connectivity limits recolonization
<p>Here, we make available the following data related to the manuscript "Widespread habitat for Europe's largest herbivores, but poor connectivity limits recolonization".</p> <p>1. The input data used to generate the Species distribution models for European bison and moose, as .csv-files.</p> <p>2. The species location records used in the analyses, at a coarsened resolution (50 km).</p> <p>3. All output maps of habitat suitability, potential habitats, and connectivity, as .tif-files.</p>
Data from: Use of an exotic host plant shifts immunity, chemical defense, and viral burden in wild populations of a specialist insect herbivore
<p>Defense against natural enemies constitutes an important driver of herbivore host range evolution in the wild. Populations of the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly, <em>Euphydryas phaeton </em>(Nymphalidae), have recently incorporated an exotic plant, <em>Plantago lanceolata </em>(Plantaginaceae), into their dietary range. To understand the tritrophic consequences of utilizing this exotic host plant, we examined immune performance, chemical defense, and interactions with a natural entomopathogen (Junonia coenia densovirus, <em>Parvoviridae</em>) across wild populations of this specialist herbivore. We measured three immune parameters, sequestration of defensive iridoid glycosides (IGs), and viral infection load in field-collected caterpillars using either <em>P. lanceolata</em> or a native plant, <em>Chelone glabra </em>(Plantaginaceae). We found that larvae using the exotic plant exhibited reduced immunocompetence, compositional differences in IG sequestration, and higher <em>in situ </em>viral burdens compared to those using the native plant. On both host plants, high IG sequestration was associated with reduced hemocyte concentration in the larval hemolymph, providing the first evidence of incompatibility between sequestered chemical defenses and the immune response (i.e., the "vulnerable host" hypothesis) from a field-based study. However, despite this negative relationship between IG sequestration and cellular immunity, caterpillars with greater sequestration harbored lower viral loads. While survival of virus-infected individuals decreased with increasing viral burden, it ultimately did not differ between the exotic and native plants. These results provide evidence that (1) phytochemical sequestration may contribute to defense against pathogens even when immunity is compromised, and (2) herbivore persistence on exotic plant species may be facilitated by sequestration and its role in defense against natural enemies.</p>
Data manuscript Gomez et al. Facilitation by pioneer trees and herbivore exclusion allow regeneration of woody species in the semiarid ecosystem of central Chile. Applied Vegetation Science
<p>Data of the paper: Nicolás Gómez-Fernández, Cecilia Smith-Ramírez, Cristian A. Delpiano, Alejandro Miranda, Inao Vásquez, Pablo I. Becerra<span>. </span>Facilitation by pioneer trees and herbivore exclusion allow regeneration of woody species in the semiarid ecosystem of central Chile. Applied Vegetation Science</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 3 in The Roman snail (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is not a generalist herbivore, but shows food preferences for Urtica dioica and plant litter
Figure 3. Relationship between the average width (a and c) and height (b and d) of Helix pomatia shells per subpopulation independent of the sample date (), and for individual sample dates (●), and the average proportion of individuals feeding on (a, b) Urtica dioica, or (c, d) plant litter.
Figure 2 in The Roman snail (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is not a generalist herbivore, but shows food preferences for Urtica dioica and plant litter
Figure 2. Relationship between the average feeding height of Helix pomatia in the vegetation per subpopulation, independent of the sample date () or for individual sample dates (●), and the average proportion of individuals feeding on (a) Urtica dioica or (b) plant litter.
Figure 1 in The Roman snail (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is not a generalist herbivore, but shows food preferences for Urtica dioica and plant litter
Figure 1. Distance-based redundancy analysis db (RDA) plot showing the resemblance between Helix pomatia subpopulations based on the average diet composition of snails in different subpopulations and at different dates. Subpopulations 1–8 are indicated by different colours and symbols. Vectors are fitted for the predictor variables selected in the distance-based linear model (black: Hgt.shl, average shell height, Hgt.veg, average feeding heigh; Wdt.shl, average width of shells; Smp.day, sample day). Diet resources (in red, with: Urt.dio, Urtica dioica; litter, plant litter) with multiple correlation coefficients> 0.3 are superimposed.
Data and code associated with Neanderthal coexistence with Homo sapiens in Europe was affected by herbivore carrying capacity
<p>Here data and codes are available to reproduce the models and figure rendering of the paper: “Neanderthal coexistence with Homo sapiens in Europe was affected by herbivore carrying capacity”.</p> <p>This research is based on two sets of data: 1) herbivore species recovered from archaeo-palaeontological sites, and 2) chronometric determinations obtained from archaeological units with techno-complexes attributed to Neanderthals or modern humans. All this information is available in the Data.xlsx file.</p> <p>The file MainScript.R includes the functions to estimate the biomass of each herbivore species according to the Net Primary Productivity (NPP), the allometric relationships between body mass and population density, and the specific herbivore guild composition in each region. This script was used to analyse and compare the NPP and the herbivore guild composition in each biogeographic region of Europe during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The file HB.R reproduces the validation process of the macroecological model to estimate herbivore abundances (used in Main.R) against empirical present-day herbivore densities from a broad range of terrestrial ecosystems.</p> <p>Within the Paleoclimate folder, the file Pollen.R was used to perform pollen-based paleoclimate reconstructions with weighted averaging (WA) regressions. These predictive functions estimate temperature and precipitation from the palynological fossil record in Europe.</p> <p>Within the OLE folder, the OLE.R was used to perform optimal linear estimation (OLE) models and compare the obtained chronologies with the outcomes obtained from Bayesian age models.</p> <p>In the "Correlations_ESF" folder, there are too heavily compressed files. To run the codes correctly, it is necessary first to decompress any document and save all files within the same folder. The “Output_Experiment_A_B_C_FC1&2” file is in Excel Binary Workbook format (.xlsb) because it is a large-sized document. Before running the codes within this folder, save/convert this file into .xlsx format. There is a "README" file to help you with these two steps. Once these steps and requirements are met, the file "Correlations_ESF.R" can be run to perform Eigenvector Spatial Filtering analyses that assess the correlation between the end of the techno-complexes associated with Neanderthals, those associated with AMH, and the productivity of the ecosystems in each European region.</p> <p>As the data and codes in this repository are complete, they can be reproduced with only an R environment (tested for R v4.2.0) in RStudio. The necessary package dependencies are documented in each .R file. The content of this repository was made possible thanks to funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 818299) for the SUBSILIENCE project.</p>
Fig. 1 in Dhurrin: A naturally occurring phytochemical as a weapon against insect herbivores
Fig. 1. Mechanism of biosynthesis, catabolism, detoxification and alternate pathway of turnover of dhurrin in a cyanogenic plant.
Fig. 2 in Dhurrin: A naturally occurring phytochemical as a weapon against insect herbivores
Fig. 2. Mechanism of action of Dhurrin as pest deterrent. Before tissue disruption, compartmentalization of dhurrin in epidermal cells and dhurrinase in mesophyll is depicted. But tissue disruption leads to cyanogenesis, leading to release of HCN by the action of dhurrinase on dhurrin. Inside insect body cyanide inhibits aerobic respiration through binding to cytochrome oxidase, block carbohydrate metabolism by binding with glycolysis intermediates, activates proteolytic enzymes while some of cyanide expired as HCN and carbon dioxide and also excrete in the form of amino acids. Insects are also known to have cyanide detoxification mechanisms where cyanoalanine synthase and nitrilase enzymes act on cyanide to form asparagine, aspartic acid and ammonia. Here, purple structure represents dhurrin and orange structure represents dhurrinase; red structure represents cyanide and the green structure represents the cytochrome oxidase enzyme. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Identification of herbivore-induced plant volatiles from selected Rubus species fed upon by raspberry bud moth (Heterocrossa rubophaga) larvae
Fig. 5. Phenology data for Heterocrossa rubophaga on Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) and Rubus cissoides (bush lawyer) from December 2019 to December 2020.
Data from: Context-dependent effects of shifting large herbivore assemblages on plant structure and diversity
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Data from: Seascapes as drivers of herbivore assemblages in coral reef ecosystems
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Data from: Spatiotemporal variation in local adaptation of a specialist insect herbivore to its long-lived host plant
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Data from: Possible causes of divergent population trends in sympatric African herbivores
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Data from: A novel mechanism for grazing lawn formation: large herbivore-induced modification of the plant-soil water balance
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Tri-trophic interactions with avian predators: the effect of host plant species and herbivore-induced plant volatiles on recruiting avian predators
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Data from: Differential responses of herbivores and herbivory to management in temperate European beech
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Data from: Plant-herbivore interactions: silicon concentration in tussock sedges and population dynamics of root voles
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Through the taste buds of a large herbivore: foodscape modeling contributes to an understanding of forage selection processes
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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