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Fig. 1 in The abundance of specialist and generalist lepidopteran larvae on a single host plant species: Does spatial scale matter?

Fig. 1. Locations of the 5 study areas, as follows: A) a map of Brazil, with the coverage area of the Cerrado Biome shaded; B) a map of Goiás State, showing the locations of Parque Estadual dos Pireneus (PEP) and Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros (PNCV); and C) a map of Distrito Federal (DF), showing the locations of Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL), Parque Nacional de Brasília (PNB), and Jardim Botânico de Brasília (JBB).

Fig. 1 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 1. Numbers of naïve Scleroderma guani females responding to various odor sources presented in pairs in a Y-tube olfactometer. W = wood diet, WF = mixture of wood diet and Monochamus alternatus frass, S = sawdust from M. alternatus galleries, L = 10 M. alternatus 3rd instars, and A = clean air. *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01. Numbers indicate numbers of wasps responding.

Fig. 4 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 4. Numbers of Scleroderma guani females responding to the odor of Monochamus alternatus 3rd instars (L) versus clean air (A) in a Y-tube olfactometer. Females were either naïve (N), previously exposed to gallery sawdust (S), or with previous exposure to the odor of M. alternatus larvae (L). *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01.

Fig. 3 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 3. Numbers of naïve Scleroderma guani females responding to the odor of 10 Monochamus alternatus 1st, 3rd, or 5th instars (L) versus clean air (A) in a Y-tube olfactometer. *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01.

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Figs. 1–5. Erythrina speciosa and Aethalion reticulatum. 1 in Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) feeding on Erythrina speciosa (Fabales: Fabaceae): First record of its host plant and damage characteristics

Figs. 1–5. Erythrina speciosa and Aethalion reticulatum. 1: Flowered adult E. speciosa plant (source: www.arvores.brasil.com.br). 2: Detail of the inflorescence of E. speciosa with a candelabra shape (source: www.arbolesornamentales.com/Erythrinaspeciosa.htm). 3: Adult A. reticulatum. 4: Damage caused by a colony of A. reticulatum on a seedling of E. speciosa detailing the egg clutch. 5: Nymph colony of A. reticulatum associated with Camponotus sp. ants.

Fig. 2 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 2. Relative proportions of organic compounds identified in headspace volatiles from Monochamus alternatus larvae and a mixture of wood diet, sawdust, and frass.

Fig. 1 in Field host range of Apanteles opuntiarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Argentina, a potential biocontrol agent of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in North America

Fig. 1. Distribution of Apanteles opuntiarum (circles) and Apanteles alexanderi (triangles) that emerged from species of Pyralidae collected in Argentina, Aug 2007–Mar 2014.

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Fig. 1 in Discovery and successful development of Cuterebra americana (Diptera: Oestridae) from an atypical host, Rattus rattus (Rodentia: Muridae), in Florida, U.S.A.

Fig. 1. Puparium of Cuterebra americana (Fabricius), A) puparium in profile, 24 × 13 × 12 mm l × w × h; B) extruded, yellow, elliptical anterior spiracles with subtri- angular operculum on the tergum of segments 1 to 3; C) spines on surface of puparium; and D) magnified plate-like, multi-pointed spines. This figure is displayed in color in the online version of this article.

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Fig. 2. Solenopsis invicta virus 3 in Solenopsis invicta virus 3: Further host-specificity tests with native Solenopsis ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) infections are restricted to Solenopsis fire ants in the South American saevissima group (S. invicta, S. richteri, and their hybrid in the United States). North American fire ants in the geminata group, thief ants, two species of Monomorium (also tribe Solenopsidini), and 14 additional species of ants from 3 subfamilies and 12 genera were not infected in lab trials (this paper and Porter et al. 2013).

Fig. 2 in Host plant resistance in cultivated jute and its wild relatives towards jute hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Fig. 2. Mean number of egg clusters (A) and eggs per cluster (B) laid by Spilosoma obliqua females on 6 jute species in no-choice tests.

Fig. 1 in Host plant resistance in cultivated jute and its wild relatives towards jute hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Fig. 1. Effect of cultivated and wild jute species on Spilosoma obliqua larvae settlement (%) (A) and leaf area consumed (cm2) (B) afer 24 h in multiplechoice tests.

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Fig. 1 in The effect of host plant species on the detoxifying enzymes of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig. 1. Enzymatic activity of (A) general esterase (EST), (B) glutathione S-transferase (GST), and (C) cytochrome monooxygenase P450 from Diaphorina citri reared on Citrus sinensis, Murraya paniculata, and Bergera koenigii. Means with the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P <0.05, Fisher's protected LSD test).

Fig 1 in Development of Microplitis similis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two candidate host species, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Fig 1. Age–stage specific survival rates (Sx) of Micropletis similis that developed in Spodoptera exigua (A) and in S. litura (B).

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Fig. 1 in Host plants and natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida

Fig. 1. County distribution of rugose spiraling whitefly and its key natural enemies (Encarsia spp. and Nephaspis oculata) in Florida.

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Fig. 1 in The nutritional ecology of Dectes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Does host choice affect the macronutrient levels in overwintering larvae?

Fig. 1. The mean (± SE) A) head capsule width, B) wet mass, C) levels of protein per unit mass, D) levels of carbohydrates per unit mass, and E) levels of lipids per unit mass in larvae from sunflower (Sun) and soybean (Soy) plant hosts. An asterisk indicates that the levels are significantly different.

Fig 2 in Development of Microplitis similis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two candidate host species, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Fig 2. Daily body weight of parasitized and non-parasitized Spodoptera exigua (A) and S. litura (B). Each datum is shown as a mean ± SE.

Fig. 1. A in Effect of host decoys on the ability of the parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to parasitize house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) puparia

Fig. 1. A set of 1,000 live house fly puparia and an equal volume (33 cm3) of the acrylic beads used in the assays to illustrate the general appearance of the bead decoys.

Fig. 2. Linear regression models showing the relationship between Aphis citricola and Harmonia axyridis abundance. A in Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles

Fig. 2. Linear regression models showing the relationship between Aphis citricola and Harmonia axyridis abundance. A: Catnip (Nepeta cataria) + French marigold (Tagetes patula), B: ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum) + French marigold, C: catnip + ageratum, and D: native vegetation.

Fig. 6 in Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles

Fig. 6. Typical chromatograms obtained from headspace collections of volatiles from French marigold (Tagetes patula) (B) and catnip (Nepeta cataria) (C). A, air control.

Fig. 9 in Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles

Fig. 9. An Aphis citricola infestation model showing the effects of aromatic plant volatiles. Solid arrows refer to positive effects. Dotted lines refer to negative effect. The thickness of the arrows indicates the magnitude of the effects. The model includes data from this study and the studies by Song et al. (2013) and Chen et al (2014).