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Fig. 2 3D in Probable Juvenile Frontal Of Daspletosaurus Horneri (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Two Medicine Formation Of Montana, With Implications For Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny
Fig. 2 3D model of UCM 55499, left frontal of a juvenile cf. Daspletosaurus horneri, in A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, rostral view; D, lateral view; E, medial view; F, caudal view. Abbreviations: cbf, cerebral fossa; ccr, crista cranii; cpos, caudal part of postorbital suture; cr, cylinder-like ridge; cs, caudal shelf; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; dtr, dorsotemporal ridge; es, ethmoid scar; fh, forehead region; ifs, interfrontal suture; lac, lacrimal socket; lss, laterosphenoid suture; ms, joint surface for the mesethmoid; obf, olfactory bulb fossa; or, orbital wall; os, orbital slot; oss, orbitosphenoid suture; pb, postorbital buttress; prf, joint surface for prefrontal; ps, parietal suture; rpos, rostral part of postorbital suture; sc, sagittal crest. The model is courtesy of The Fossil Vertebrate Collection at the University of Colorado Boulder Museum of Natural History.
Fig. 1 UCM 55499 in Probable Juvenile Frontal Of Daspletosaurus Horneri (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Two Medicine Formation Of Montana, With Implications For Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny
Fig. 1 UCM 55499, left frontal of a juvenile cf. Daspletosaurus horneri, in A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, rostral view; D, lateral view; E, medial view; F, caudal view. Abbreviations: cbf, cerebral fossa; ccr, crista cranii; cpos, caudal part of postorbital suture; cr, cylinder-like ridge; cs, caudal shelf; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; dtr, dorsotemporal ridge; es, ethmoid scar; fh, forehead region; ifs, interfrontal suture; lac, lacrimal socket; lss, laterosphenoid suture; ms, joint surface for the mesethmoid; obf, olfactory bulb fossa; or, orbital wall; os, orbital slot; oss, orbitosphenoid suture; pb, postorbital buttress; prf, joint surface for prefrontal; ps, parietal suture; rpos, rostral part of postorbital suture; sc, sagittal crest. Images are courtesy of The Fossil Vertebrate Collection at the University of Colorado Boulder Museum of Natural History. vidual variation. Furthermore, the area between the postsurface of TMP 2013.018.0011 (14.2°; Voris et al., 2019: orbital buttress and the caudal shelf in UCM 55499 is fig. 2) and that of the postorbital suture and the ros- extremely thin and plate-like, similar to the condition trocaudal axis (19.7°) in the lateral surface of UCM reported in the holotype of tyrannosaurine Alioramus 55499 are comparable to each other. Additionally, the "altai" (Bever et al., 2013) but differs from the relatively laterosphenoid suture in UCM 55499 is facing caudoven- deep condition in juvenile Gorgosaurus (e.g., Voris et al., trally, unlike the subvertical, caudally-facing suture in 2019: fig. S15). Lastly, Gorgosaurus does not approach Gorgosaurus frontals (e.g., Yun, 2020; pers. obs). This the abundance of Daspletosaurus horneri in the Two appears to be consistent with the description of Voris Medicine Formation (e.g., Farlow & Pianka, 2002; Carr (2018), who noted the angle between frontal and later- et al., 2017; Voris et al., 2020). In summary, the combiosphenoid sutures in Daspletosaurus postorbitals is ob- nation of aforementioned Daspletosaurus-like or tyrantuse, in which the former slopes caudoventrally. Further- nosaurine-like features, differences from similarly-sized more, the mediolateral width of the caudal shelf in UCM Gorgosaurus frontals as well as its provenance favours 55499 is slightly wider than that of the postorbital but- identification of the specimen as Daspletosaurus horneri tress, which is reminiscent to the condition in tyranno- through a balance of probability. saurines (Voris, 2018; Voris et al., 2022). In contrast, the widest part of the albertosaurine frontals is located at the Comparative description: UCM 55499 is an isolated, rostral end of postorbital suture (Voris, 2018; Voris et al., mostly complete left frontal that lacks the nasal process, 2022). Thus, UCM 55499 can be identified as a tyranno- the rostral part of the area that articulated with the presaurine, of which Daspletosaurus horneri is the only frontal, and the dorsal part of the sagittal crest. As preknown example in the Two Medicine Formation. There- served, the maximum rostrocaudal length of the specimen fore, this specimen is probably referable to this taxon. is 82 mm. When measured after the methodology of Cur- Of note, UCM 55499 does resemble Gorgosaurus front- rie (2003a), the width and depth are 44 mm and 18 mm, als by possessing mediolaterally oriented orbital slot in respectively. The specimen is comparable in its dimendorsal view (Voris et al., 2022) but it is interpreted in this sions to small frontals of Daspletosaurus sp., Gorgowork that this apparent similarity is likely due to the saurus libratus, Tarbosaurus bataar, and Tyrannosaurus "transitional" growth stage that the specimen represents, rex, but much smaller than large frontals of any of these between small juveniles with rostrocaudally elongated (Currie, 2003a; Lehman & Wick, 2013). shallow slot (Carr, 1999; Tsuihiji et al., 2011) and the The subcutaneous surface of the "forehead" region is flat, folded, narrow and deep slot present in tyrannosaurine like in some individuals of Daspletosaurus spp., and in adults (Carr, 2020; Voris et al., 2022), or else as an indi- Lythronax argestes (Voris et al., 2020; Yun, 2020; Figs.
Collapse and recovery of livestock systems shape fire regimes on the Eurasian steppe: a review of ecosystem and biodiversity implications
<p>This file contains bibliographic data from the literature research; livestock and fire data as well as Google Earth Engine and R-scripts to reproduce all analyses and figures.</p>
FIGURE 5 in INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN ACOUSTIC TRAITS AND BODY SIZE, AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR PSEUDOPALUDICOLA GIARETTAI CARVALHO, 2012 (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, LEIUPERINAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CONGENERIC DIAGNOSIS
FIGURE 5: Scatterplot of the first two principal component scores (PCs) from acoustic traits of six populations of P. giarettai. Yellow (Curvelo; type locality); purple (Chapada Gaúcha); green (Coromandel); red (Buritis); blue (Buritizeiro); pink (Unaí).
FIGURE 3 in INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN ACOUSTIC TRAITS AND BODY SIZE, AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR PSEUDOPALUDICOLA GIARETTAI CARVALHO, 2012 (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, LEIUPERINAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CONGENERIC DIAGNOSIS
FIGURE 3: Advertisement call of P. giarettai from the type locality (Curvelo, Minas Gerais). From top to bottom: oscillogram section (ca. 1.6 s) depicting calling pattern, waveform, spectrogram, and power spectrum of the second advertisement from oscillogram section. Sound energy with relative amplitude below 40 dB was clipped to zero dB to remove background noise from power spectrum.
FIGURE 2 in INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN ACOUSTIC TRAITS AND BODY SIZE, AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR PSEUDOPALUDICOLA GIARETTAI CARVALHO, 2012 (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, LEIUPERINAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CONGENERIC DIAGNOSIS
FIGURE 2: Adult specimens of P. giarettai in life from: Above – Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, Chapada Gaúcha, Minas Gerais (voucher male AAG-UFU 1920: CRC = 14.6 mm); Below – Coromandel (female AAG-UFU 3566: CRC 18.8 mm).
FIGURE 4 in INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN ACOUSTIC TRAITS AND BODY SIZE, AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR PSEUDOPALUDICOLA GIARETTAI CARVALHO, 2012 (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, LEIUPERINAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CONGENERIC DIAGNOSIS
FIGURE 4: Advertisement call of P. giarettai from the Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas (Chapada Gaúcha, Minas Gerais). From top to bottom: oscillogram section (ca. 1.6 s) depicting calling pattern, waveform, spectrogram, and power spectrum of the second advertisement from oscillogram section. Sound energy with relative amplitude below 40 dB was clipped to zero dB to remove background noise from power spectrum.
FIGURE 6 in INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN ACOUSTIC TRAITS AND BODY SIZE, AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR PSEUDOPALUDICOLA GIARETTAI CARVALHO, 2012 (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, LEIUPERINAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CONGENERIC DIAGNOSIS
FIGURE 6: Typical breeding habitat of P. giarettai: a permanent pond associated with a Buriti palm grove marsh at the Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas (Municipality of Chapada Gaúcha), northwestern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil.
FIGURE 1 in INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN ACOUSTIC TRAITS AND BODY SIZE, AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR PSEUDOPALUDICOLA GIARETTAI CARVALHO, 2012 (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, LEIUPERINAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CONGENERIC DIAGNOSIS
FIGURE 1: Distribution map of Pseudopaludicola giarettai. Star (Type locality: Curvelo, MG); Circles (localities in Minas Gerais): 1 (Buritis), 2 (Chapada Gaúcha), 3 (Unaí), 4 (Buritizeiro), 5 (Coromandel), 6 (Conceição do Mato Dentro; Pimenta et al., 2014), 7 (Muriaé; Santana et al., 2009); Triangle (Flores de Goiás, GO). MG = Minas Gerais; GO = Goiás.
FIGURE 4 in Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (Raoellidae), an artiodactyl from the Eocene of India, and its implications for raoellid biology
FIGURE 4. Annotated CT slices highlighting the cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (RR207), featuring detailed transverse sections of the skull. A, slice 403. B, slice 817. C, slice 1043. D, slice 1180.
FIGURE 5 in Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (Raoellidae), an artiodactyl from the Eocene of India, and its implications for raoellid biology
FIGURE 5. Annotated CT slices highlighting the cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (RR207), featuring detailed transverse sections of the skull. A, slice 1303. B, slice 2142. C, slice 2230. D, slice 2302.
FIGURE 6. 3D in Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (Raoellidae), an artiodactyl from the Eocene of India, and its implications for raoellid biology
FIGURE 6. 3D rendering of the basicranium of Indohyus indirae in oblique (A) and vental (B) views. In A, the foramina opening into the endocast are highlighted in pink. In B, the bullae are depicted in orange.
FIGURE 3 in Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (Raoellidae), an artiodactyl from the Eocene of India, and its implications for raoellid biology
FIGURE 3. Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae. A, rostrum, dorsal view (RR 602). B, rostrum, ventral view (RR 602). C, Basicranium (RR 210). D, Juvenile skull with unassociated lower jaw (RR 262).
FIGURE 2 in Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (Raoellidae), an artiodactyl from the Eocene of India, and its implications for raoellid biology
FIGURE 2. Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae. A, skull, left lateral view (RR 208). B, skull, right lateral view (RR 208). C, Oblique, ventral view (RR 209). For abbreviations see text.
FIGURE 1 in Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae (Raoellidae), an artiodactyl from the Eocene of India, and its implications for raoellid biology
FIGURE 1. Cranial anatomy of Indohyus indirae. A, skull, dorsal view (RR 601). B, skull, ventral view (RR 601). C, skull, dorsal view (RR 207). D, skull, ventral view (RR 207).
FIGURE 19 in Diversity of culicomorphan dipterans in the Eocene Kishenehn Konservat-Lagerstätte (Montana, USA) and its palaeoecological implications
FIGURE 19. Chaoborus kishenehnicus sp. nov. (Chaoboridae). Adult males. Paratype, USNM 717303. A, Habitus. B, Male genitalia (hypopygium), unmarked. C, Schematic drawing of the male genitalia (hypopygium). D, Male genitalia (hypopygium), marked. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite (II); gs, gonostylus; a9, abdominal unit IX.
FIGURE 4 in Diversity of culicomorphan dipterans in the Eocene Kishenehn Konservat-Lagerstätte (Montana, USA) and its palaeoecological implications
FIGURE 4. Representatives of Chironomidae cf. Psectrotanypus. Male pupa and larva. USNM 624474.1. A, Habitus of the pupa. B, Male genitalia (hypopygium). C, Head capsule of the larva attached to the abdomen of the pupa. D, Schematic drawing of the larval head capsule. Abbreviations: gl, gula; md, mandible; os, occipital sclerite; ts, pit of tentorium.
FIGURE 3 in Diversity of culicomorphan dipterans in the Eocene Kishenehn Konservat-Lagerstätte (Montana, USA) and its palaeoecological implications
FIGURE 3. Male pupa of Chironomidae cf. Conchapelopia (USNM 626057). A, Habitus. B, Thoracic horns and notum of the thorax. C, Male genitalia (hypopygium).
FIGURE 23 in Diversity of culicomorphan dipterans in the Eocene Kishenehn Konservat-Lagerstätte (Montana, USA) and its palaeoecological implications
FIGURE 23. Head and thorax of a larval representative of Culex (Neoculex) (Culicidae), specimen USNM 623914. A, Habitus, unmarked. B, Habitus, marked. Abbreviations: Col, collar; Dm, dorsomentum; MS, mesothoracic setae; Mx, maxilla; OF, occipital foramen; lPBr, palatal brush; PS, prothoracic setae; TS, metathoracic setae;1-3-P, setal group 1-3-P; 3-P, seta 3-P; 7-T, seta 7-T; 9-12-M, setae 9-12-M (mesothoracic pleural setal group).
FIGURE 9 in Diversity of culicomorphan dipterans in the Eocene Kishenehn Konservat-Lagerstätte (Montana, USA) and its palaeoecological implications
FIGURE 9. Hintelmanniella noncatafractata sp. nov. (Chironomidae). Holotype USNM 624644. Emerging adult male with remnants of the pupa. A, Habitus, unmarked. B, Habitus, marked. C, Male genitalia (hypopygium), unmarked. D., Male genitalia (hypopygium), marked. E, Male genitalia (hypopygium), schematic drawing. Abbreviations: a2–a9, abdominal units (segments) two to nine; an, antenna; ap, anal point (abdominal unit X remnants); ey, compound eyes; gc, gonocoxite (II); gs, gonostylus; iv, inferior volsella (lateral protrusion of gonocoxite); p1, forelegs; p2, midlegs; p3, hindlegs; wg, wings.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.