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1,474 results for “reliability”
Data from: Reliability of fish size estimates obtained from a multibeam imaging sonar
Multibeam imaging sonars have considerable potential for use in fisheries surveys because the video-like images are easy to interpret and contain information about fish size, shape, and swimming behavior, as well as characteristics of occupied habitats. We examined images obtained using a DIDSON multibeam sonar for Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus, striped bass Morone saxatilis, white perch M. americana, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus of known size (20 - 141 cm) to determine the reliability of length estimates. For ranges up to 11 m, percent measurement error (sonar estimate - total length)/total length X 100 varied by species but was not related to the fish's range or aspect angle (orientation relative to the sonar beam). Least-square mean percent error was significantly different from 0.0 for Atlantic sturgeon (x ̅=-8.34, SE=2.39) and white perch (x ̅=14.48, SE=3.99) but not striped bass (x ̅= 3.71, SE=2.58) or channel catfish (x ̅=3.97, SE=5.16). Underestimating lengths of Atlantic sturgeon may be due to difficulty in detecting the snout or the longer dorsal lobe of the heterocercal tail. White perch was the smallest species tested and it had the largest percent measurement errors (both positive and negative) and the lowest percentage of images classified as good or acceptable. Automated length estimates using Echoview software varied with position in the view-field. Estimates tended to be low at more extreme azimuthal angles (fish's angle off-axis within the view-field) but mean and maximum estimates were highly correlated with total length. Software estimates were also biased by fish images partially outside the view-field and when acoustic crosstalk occurred (when a fish perpendicular to the sonar and at relatively close range is detected in the side lobes of adjacent beams). These sources of bias are apparent when files are processed manually and can be filtered out when producing automated software estimates. Multibeam sonar estimates of fish size should be useful for research and management if these potential sources of bias and imprecision are addressed.
Data from: A reliability study of colour-Doppler sonography for the diagnosis of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency shows low inter-rater agreement
Objective: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been extremely variable associated with multiple sclerosis in color-Doppler sonographic studies. We aimed to evaluate inter-rater agreement in color doppler sonograpy venous examination. Design: Inter-rater agreement study. Setting: First-referral multiple sclerosis centre. Participants: thirty-eight multiple sclerosis patients, and 55 age-matched (± 5 years) controls. Intervention: sonography was carried out in accordance with Zamboni's five criteria by 8 sonographers with different expertise, blinded to the status of cases and controls. Each subject was evaluated by two operators. Primary and secondary outcome measures: inter-rater agreement was measured through the Kappa statistics and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Results: The agreement was no higher than chance for criterion 2-reflux in the deep cerebral veins (Kappa=-0.02) and 4-flow not Doppler-detectable in one or both the internal jugular (IJVs) or vertebral veins (VVs) (-0.09). It was substantially low for criterion 1-reflux in the IJVs and/or VVs (0.29), criterion 3-IJV stenosis or malformations (0.23), and criterion 5-absence of IJV diameter increase when passing from sitting to supine position (0.22). The Kappa value for CCSVI as a whole was 0.20 (95% confidence limits=-0.01 - 0.42). Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for the measure of cross-sectional area ranged from 0.05 to 0.25. Inter-rater agreement was low for CCSVI experts (kappa= 0.24; -0.11 to 0.59), and non-experts (0.20; -0.33 to 0.73); neurologists (0.21; -0.06 to 0.47) and non neurologists (0.18; -0.20 to 0.56); cases (0.19; -0.14 to 0.52) and controls (0.21; -0.08 to 0.49). Zamboni-trained neurosonographers ascertained CCSVI more frequently than non-trained. Conclusions: Agreement was unsatisfactory for the diagnosis of CCSVI as a whole, for each of its five criteria, and according to different subgroups. Standardization of the method is urgently needed prior to its further application in studies of patients with multiple sclerosis or other neurological diseases.
Data from: Evaluation of TagSeq, a reliable low-cost alternative for RNAseq
RNAseq is a relatively new tool for ecological genetics that offers researchers insight into changes in gene expression in response to a myriad of natural or experimental conditions. However, standard RNAseq methods (e.g., Illumina TruSeq® or NEBNext®) can be cost prohibitive, especially when study designs require large sample sizes. Consequently, RNAseq is often underused as a method, or is applied to small sample sizes that confer poor statistical power. Low cost RNAseq methods could therefore enable far greater and more powerful applications of transcriptomics in ecological genetics and beyond. Standard mRNAseq is costly partly because one sequences portions of the full length of all transcripts. Such whole-mRNA data is redundant for estimates of relative gene expression. TagSeq is an alternative method that focuses sequencing effort on mRNAs' 3' end, reducing the necessary sequencing depth per sample, and thus cost. We present a revised TagSeq library construction procedure, and compare its performance against NEBNext®, the "gold-standard" whole mRNAseq method. We built both TagSeq and NEBNext® libraries from the same biological samples, each spiked with control RNAs. We found that TagSeq measured the control RNA distribution more accurately than NEBNext®, for a fraction of the cost per sample (~10%). The higher accuracy of TagSeq was particularly apparent for transcripts of moderate to low abundance. Technical replicates of TagSeq libraries are highly correlated, and were correlated with NEBNext® results. Overall, we show that our modified TagSeq protocol is an efficient alternative to traditional whole mRNAseq, offering researchers comparable data at greatly reduced cost.
Data from: Large-scale genotyping of highly polymorphic loci by next generation sequencing: how to overcome the challenges to reliably genotype individuals?
Studying the different roles of adaptive genes is still a challenge in evolutionary ecology and requires reliable genotyping of large numbers of individuals. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques enable such large-scale sequencing, but stringent data processing is required. Here, we develop an easy to use methodology to process amplicon-based NGS data and we apply this methodology to reliably genotype four major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci belonging to MHC class I and II of Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). Our post-processing methodology allowed us to increase the number of retained reads. The quality of genotype assignment was further assessed using three independent validation procedures. A total of 3069 high-quality MHC genotypes were obtained at four MHC loci for 863 Alpine marmots with a genotype assignment error rate estimated as 0.21%. The proposed methodology could be applied to any genetic system and any organism, except when extensive copy-number variation occurs (that is, genes with a variable number of copies in the genotype of an individual). Our results highlight the potential of amplicon-based NGS techniques combined with adequate post-processing to obtain the large-scale highly reliable genotypes needed to understand the evolution of highly polymorphic functional genes.
Data from: Development of highly reliable in silico SNP resource and genotyping assay from exome capture and sequencing: an example from black spruce (Picea mariana)
Picea mariana is a widely distributed boreal conifer across Canada and the subject of advanced breeding programs for which population genomics and genomic selection approaches are being developed. Targeted sequencing was achieved after capturing P. mariana exome with probes designed from the sequenced transcriptome of Picea glauca, a distant relative. A high capture efficiency of 75.9% was reached although spruce has a complex and large genome including gene sequences interspersed by some long introns. The results confirmed the relevance of using probes from congeneric species to perform successfully interspecific exome capture in the genus Picea. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed including stringent criteria that helped detect a set of 97 075 highly reliable in silico SNPs. These SNPs were distributed across 14 909 genes. Part of an Infinium iSelect array was used to estimate the rate of true positives by validating 4267 of the predicted in silico SNPs by genotyping trees from P. mariana populations. The true positive rate was 96.2%, for in silico SNPs compared to a genotyping success rate of 96.7% for a set 1115 P. mariana control SNPs recycled from previous genotyping arrays. These results indicate the high success rate of the genotyping array and the relevance of the selection criteria used to delineate the new P. mariana in silico SNP resource. Furthermore, in silico SNPs were generally of medium to high frequency in natural populations, thus providing high informative value for future population genomics applications.
Data from: Further development of the Assessment of Military Multitasking Performance: iterative reliability testing
The Assessment of Military Multitasking Performance (AMMP) is a battery of functional dual-tasks and multitasks based on military activities that target known sensorimotor, cognitive, and exertional vulnerabilities after concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The AMMP was developed to help address known limitations in post concussive return to duty assessment and decision making. Once validated, the AMMP is intended for use in combination with other metrics to inform duty-readiness decisions in Active Duty Service Members following concussion. This study used an iterative process of repeated interrater reliability testing and feasibility feedback to drive modifications to the 9 tasks of the original AMMP which resulted in a final version of 6 tasks with metrics that demonstrated clinically acceptable ICCs of > 0.92 (range of 0.92–1.0) for the 3 dual tasks and > 0.87 (range 0.87–1.0) for the metrics of the 3 multitasks. Three metrics involved in recording subject errors across 2 tasks did not achieve ICCs above 0.85 set apriori for multitasks (0.64) and above 0.90 set for dual-tasks (0.77 and 0.86) and were not used for further analysis. This iterative process involved 3 phases of testing with between 13 and 26 subjects, ages 18–42 years, tested in each phase from a combined cohort of healthy controls and Service Members with mTBI. Study findings support continued validation of this assessment tool to provide rehabilitation clinicians further return to duty assessment methods robust to ceiling effects with strong face validity to injured Warriors and their leaders.
Data from: Accuracy and readability of cardiovascular entries on Wikipedia: are they reliable learning resources for medical students?
Objective: To evaluate accuracy of content and readability level of English Wikipedia articles on cardiovascular diseases, using quality and readability tools. Methods: Wikipedia was searched on the 6 October 2013 for articles on cardiovascular diseases. Using a modified DISCERN (DISCERN is an instrument widely used in assessing online resources), articles were independently scored by three assessors. The readability was calculated using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. The inter-rater agreement between evaluators was calculated using the Fleiss κ scale. Results: This study was based on 47 English Wikipedia entries on cardiovascular diseases. The DISCERN scores had a median=33 (IQR=6). Four articles (8.5%) were of good quality (DISCERN score 40–50), 39 (83%) moderate (DISCERN 30–39) and 4 (8.5%) were poor (DISCERN 10–29). Although the entries covered the aetiology and the clinical picture, there were deficiencies in the pathophysiology of diseases, signs and symptoms, diagnostic approaches and treatment. The number of references varied from 1 to 127 references; 25.9±29.4 (mean±SD). Several problems were identified in the list of references and citations made in the articles. The readability of articles was 14.3±1.7 (mean±SD); consistent with the readability level for college students. In comparison, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition had more tables, less references and no significant difference in number of graphs, images, illustrations or readability level. The overall agreement between the evaluators was good (Fleiss κ 0.718 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.83). Conclusions: The Wikipedia entries are not aimed at a medical audience and should not be used as a substitute to recommended medical resources. Course designers and students should be aware that Wikipedia entries on cardiovascular diseases lack accuracy, predominantly due to errors of omission. Further improvement of the Wikipedia content of cardiovascular entries would be needed before they could be considered a supplementary resource.
Data from: Sex, size and timing: sampling design for reliable population genetics analyses using microsatellite data
1. Population genetics is used in a wide variety of fields such as ecology and biodiversity conservation. How estimated genetic characteristics of natural populations can be influenced by the sampling design has been a long-standing concern. Multiple simulation and empirical studies illustrated the influence of both sample size and polymorphism of markers. However, our review of studies on butterfly population genetics indicates no consensus on sample size for the estimation of genetic diversity or differentiation. Furthermore, other aspects of sampling design (sex ratio and timing of sampling) were not addressed and their potential impact on genetic parameter estimates rarely explored. 2. Using a large empirical dataset (with spatial and temporal replicates) collected on a butterfly species, Boloria aquilonaris, as well as simulated datasets reflecting (1) three scenarios of migration-genetic drift equilibrium and (2) one scenario of parameter stabilization after 100,000 generations, we quantified the impacts of three aspects of genetic sampling design (namely sample size, sex ratio, and timing of sampling) on the estimation of allele frequencies and its potential downstream impact on the estimation of genetic parameters. 3. With empirical data, we found that sample size and timing of sampling strongly affected the accuracy of allele frequencies and the downstream analyses, while sex ratio did not. Our results were consistent across spatial and temporal replicates. Also, with simulated data, we showed that the genetic sampling design had limited effect in systems where dispersal outweighs genetic drift, while it can have major consequences on our understanding of the genetic diversity and population differentiation in systems dominated by genetic drift (such as most study systems with conservation concerns). 4. We advocate for careful consideration of all aspects of the sampling design in population genetics studies, i.e. a sufficient number of samples, while ensuring similar sex ratio among sampling locations and collecting with timing appropriate to the question under study. This is particularly important when the study aims at species conservation.
Data from: A universal and reliable assay for molecular sex identification of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
In heterogametic species, biological differences between the two sexes are ubiquitous, and hence, errors in sex identification can be a significant source of noise and bias in studies where sex-related sources of variation are of interest or need to be controlled for. We developed and validated a universal multi-marker assay for reliable sex identification of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The assay makes use of genotype scores from three sex-linked loci, and utilizes Bayesian probabilistic inference to identify sex of the genotyped individuals. The results, validated with 286 phenotypically sexed individuals from six populations of sticklebacks representing all major genetic lineages (cf. Pacific, Atlantic and Japan Sea) indicate that in contrast to commonly used single-marker based sex identification assays, the developed multi-marker assay should be 100% accurate. Since the markers in the assay can be scored from agarose gels, it provides a quick and cost-efficient tool for universal sex identification of three-spined sticklebacks. The general principle of combining information from multiple markers to improve the reliability of sex identification is transferable and can be utilized to develop and validate similar assays for other species.
A systematic mapping study addressing the reliability of mobile applications: The need to move beyond testing reliability (Replication package)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 2 from: Belokobylskij SA, Vasilenko DV, Perkovsky EE (2024) The first reliable fossil record of the tribe Centistini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae): a new subgenus and species of braconid wasp in Danish amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 15-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.115789
Figure 2 Centistoides (Palaeoides) magnioculus sp. nov. (female, holotype, Danish amber, NHMD # 115540) A wings, head and mesosoma, dorso-lateral view B fore wing C habitus, left sublateral view.
Figure 1 from: Belokobylskij SA, Vasilenko DV, Perkovsky EE (2024) The first reliable fossil record of the tribe Centistini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae): a new subgenus and species of braconid wasp in Danish amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 15-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.115789
Figure 1 Centistoides (Palaeoides) magnioculus sp. nov. (female, holotype, Danish amber, NHMD # 115540) A habitus, right dorso-lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D head and anterior part of mesosoma, dorso-lateral view E head, fronto-lateral view F metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view.
Intelligent Java Dataset Construction and Visualization Evaluation for Reliable Software Development
<p><span>These datasets include LiuKui, New-100, New-400, and the dataset utilized in RQ5. </span></p>
Intelligent Java Dataset Construction and Visualization Evaluation for Reliable Software Development (Sci)
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"Validity and Reliability Study of Anatomy Attitude Scale in Dental Students"
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Reliability of CNEURO hyssops for sample collection in the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material from nasopharyngeal swab samples by RT-PCR is the most specific and sensitive way to test suspected cases. However, factors such as the sampling process, type of hyssop used, and the anatomical area from which the sample is collected can distort the result and cause false negatives.</p> <p>Objective: to evaluate the reliability of CNUERO hyssops for sample collection in the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis versus IMPROSWAB hyssops.</p> <p>Methods: To study the reliability of hyssops developed in Cuba for swabbing in the COVID-19 diagnosis, by comparing them to other hyssops successfully used for this task, 2 swabbing samples were obtained from each patient (136). One of these two samples was taken using the hyssops made in Cuba, while the other was taken employing another hyssop imported from Germany.</p> <p>The positive detections between both hyssops were compared using the Fisher exact test. The result of the detection of each hyssop was evaluated and compared using the ROC curve. </p> <p>Results: The use of CNEURO hyssops allowed detecting 45 out of 59 positive cases, while IMPROSAWAB hyssops detected 52 out of 59. Non-significant differences were detected between positive cases detected for each hyssop. The sensibility of sample detection using CNEURO hyssops was of 76.3 % and of 88.1 % when using IMPROSWAB hyssops. Hence, no significant differences are detected in the detection of cases using these two hyssops.</p> <p>Conclusion: CNEURO hyssops are safe and reliable to be used for nasopharyngeal samples taking of COVID-19 patients.</p>
Supplementary information for: A biased fossil record can preserve reliable phylogenetic signal
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Abstract.</i><b>––</b>The fossil record is notoriously imperfect and biased in representation, hindering our ability to place fossil specimens into an evolutionary context. For groups with fossil records mostly consisting of disarticulated parts (e.g., vertebrates, echinoderms, plants), the limited morphological information preserved sparks concerns about whether fossils retain reliable evidence of phylogenetic relationships, and lends uncertainty to analyses of diversification, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in Earth history. To address whether a fragmentary past can be trusted, we need to assess whether incompleteness affects the quality of phylogenetic information contained in fossil data. Herein, we characterize skeletal incompleteness bias in a large dataset (6,585 specimens; 14,417 skeletal elements) of fossil squamates (lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians, and mosasaurs). We show that jaws + palatal bones, vertebrae, and ribs appear more frequently in the fossil record than other parts of the skeleton. This incomplete anatomical representation in the fossil record is biased against regions of the skeleton that contain the majority of morphological phylogenetic characters used to assess squamate evolutionary relationships. Despite this bias, parsimony- and model-based comparative analyses indicate that the most frequently-occurring parts of the skeleton in the fossil record retain similar levels of phylogenetic signal as parts of the skeleton that are rarer. These results demonstrate that the biased squamate fossil record contains reliable phylogenetic information, and support our ability to place incomplete fossils in the Tree of Life. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Characterizing and Understanding the Behavior of Quantized Models for Reliable Deployment
<p>Benchmark for quantization study</p>
Residual Life and Reliability Assessment of Underground RC sanitary Sewer Pipelines Under Uncertainty
<p>Prioritization of limited funding for pipelines maintenance is a major issue that concerns municipalities nationwide. Conducting a probabilistic assessment can provide a complete characterization of the performance of structural elements and systems along with optimizing the limited resources. The most widely used probabilistic performance indicator is reliability, a measure of the probability of failure corresponding to a particular limit state (e.g., ultimate strength or serviceability). Reliability methods can be used to identify which pipeline sections within a particular system require the most urgent inspection or repair. To this end, an automated data-driven framework for large diameter reinforced concrete pipes (RCPs) is developed that converts the raw unfiltered inspection readings to data that is used for estimating residual life and further reliability assessment purposes. In the current work, initially, the wall thickness erosion is determined based on the inspection data collected using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Furthermore, the best fit among several probability distribution functions for the wall thickness loss is obtained, which is integrated with a serviceability limit state that defines failure as the complete loss of 1-in concrete cover caused by environmental conditions such as sulfide-induced erosion. Considering this limit state and a prescribed probability of exceedance threshold, a reliability-based prediction of the remaining service life is proposed. The developed framework requires minimal user interference and is, therefore, less time consuming and more consistent compared to previous research. From an asset management point of view, the most vulnerable pipeline sections are identified that will require further inspection and attention. This will provide decision makers crucial information regarding the current state of the pipeline network, to better allocate the already scarce maintenance funding of these pipelines.</p>
Dataset: Resistance of cementitious materials to sulfate attack: quantifying performance with a reliable unidirectional approach
<p>The raw data and analysed results with respect to the PhD thesis</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.