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2,744 results for “restoration.”
Data from: Sugar pine association genetics and performance in a post-fire restoration planting
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The eco-evolutionary history of Madagascar presents unique challenges to tropical forest restoration
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Post-fire resilience of restored coastal sage scrub and grassland communities
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Data from: Ant–scale mutualism increases scale infestation, decreases folivory, and disrupts biological control in restored tropical forests
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Restoration interventions mediate tropical tree recruitment dynamics over time
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Landscape structure, bird, and vegetation recruitment in restoration plantations
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Ecosystem functions of plant diversity: Comparisons from a large-scale marsh restoration experiment in California, USA
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Frankenia salina and Jaumea carnosa performance in a restored salt marsh
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UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Process Study - Elevations of Spartina in Tidal Creek and Mudflat Habitats in Restored and Natural Wetlands in Southern California
These data describe the elevations of vegetated and unvegetated areas within tidal creek and mudflat habitats at the restored San Dieguito Wetlands (Del Mar, CA), the restored San Elijo Lagoon (Solana Beach, CA), and the natural Tijuana River Estuary (San Diego, CA). Data were collected in November 2022. Transects were established in these habitats at each wetland; the elevation and vegetation type were documented for at least seven points along at least five transects per habitat type.
Post-extraction restored peatland methane production and emission
Peatland degradation due to human activities is contributing to rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Restoring the carbon (C) sink function in degraded peatlands and preventing further stored C losses is a key climate mitigation strategy, given the global scale of peatland disturbance. Active restoration at a post-extraction peatland in Canada has been shown to successfully re-establish net CO2 uptake rates similar to undisturbed peatlands within a decade or two. However, lower than expected CH4 emissions suggest recovery of belowground C cycling processes may lag behind recovery of the surface net flux. Using closed chamber measurements over a warm season, we determined that restored Sphagnum, which covers two thirds of the site, was a net zero source of CH4. Emissions from the restored site were primarily attributed to vascular plant substrate inputs, measured as acetate, and plant-mediated transport. The carbon isotopic fractionation factor for CH4 and CO2 in the restored former peat field pore water exhibited α < 1.060 even deeper in the cutover peat profile (0.8 m depth), evidence of a dominance in acetoclastic methane production. In contrast, isotopic fractionation in the former drainage ditches showed a balance of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis deeper in the profile, indicative of some bulk peat C turnover. This study shows that the legacy of substrate quality in the cutover peat in reducing CH4 production and thus emission, can aid in reducing the climate warming impact of newly restored peatlands.
Dynamics of Large Wood in a stream restoration in Michigan, USA 2004-2018
Large wood (LW) additions are commonly used to restore degraded streams, particularly in regenerating forests that have low LW recruitment due to past logging. While the short-term effects of LW input on stream structure and function are well studied, the long-term dynamics of added wood are less documented. We assessed the long-term movement and condition of LW added to three small (mean discharge, 28-47 L sec-1) midwestern USA streams. In 2004, 25 aspen logs (2.5 m L x 0.5 m D) were added to 100-m treatment reaches of three replicate streams in northern Michigan, USA, that contained low prior LW abundance. We monitored log movement and evaluated factors contributing to that movement over 14 years. Across all three streams, 41 of the 75 added logs moved downstream, with a mean travel distance of 4.0 m (SD, 7.0 m; n=75). However, all logs still remained within their original reaches. Most log movements occurred within the first three years following placement and were associated with high flow events. Individual log mobility was related to position in the channel; logs that were at least 70% submerged, and near horizontal in inclination, accounted for 83% of the single movements ≥0.5 m. In addition, after 14 years 32% of logs became part of aggregations and 86% displayed substantial decay. Our study suggests that restoration efforts that add LW to small, groundwater-dominated streams can pose minimal risk to downstream reaches or human structures, and may provide sustained ecological benefits to the ecosystem.
Data for L.R. Johnson and S.N. Handel - Restoration treatments in urban park forests drive long-term changes in vegetation trajectories - Ecological Applications doi:10.1890/14-2063.1
Initial data from long-term research plots in New York City Park forest patches invaded by exotic woody plant species. Half (n = 30) of the sites were restored 15-20 years prior to first sampling in 2009-2010. The same suite of invasive plants was recorded in the other half of the sites at the time of initial restoration in the late 1980s and early 1990s (n = 30), but they were not restored in 2009-2010.
Assessing the use of bison for savanna restoration at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen
Oak savanna is the most threatened ecosystem in Minnesota and fire, alone, is not restoring and preserving it. Our savanna restoration research started more than a half century ago in what had once been native savanna at Cedar Creek. It has shown that burning about 4 to 7 times per decade eliminates shrubs and non-savanna tree species and restores prairie grassland species. However, our 50 years of research is also showing that these frequent and intense fires are preventing oaks from regenerating. Bison are now known to be a keystone species for restoring and preserving grasslands, but their roles in savanna ecosystems remain unknown. In grasslands, bison preferentially graze the dominant warm season grasses that would otherwise outcompete wildflowers, thereby promoting plant coexistence and enhancing plant diversity. Here we propose to test whether bison grazing might promote the growth and survivorship of oak seedlings in burned savannas by reducing grass fuel for fires and by knocking back dominant grass competitors. We will maintain the existing fire frequencies and the design of the long-term burning experiment, while adding bison grazing as an additional factor in part of several burn units on the southeast side of the property. Bison will graze during the summer and early fall seasons. Grazing exclosures will be established, and oak seedlings will be planted, to test effects of bison grazing on early oak growth and survivorship. The outcomes we plan to achieve are to: (1) discover better restoration and preservation practices for savanna ecosystems; (2) determine how these practices impact savanna biodiversity; and (3) educate Minnesotans about the ecological heritage of their state, including the roles that bison, fire and biodiversity play in the functioning of savannas and other Minnesota ecosystems. We will achieve these goals and outcomes by: (1) restoring bison grazing to 200 acres of oak savanna; (2) experimentally testing whether bison grazing promot
Effect of Habitat Restoration on Native Bee Communities at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2008-2010)
Native bees interact closely with their host plants and therefore, can be good indicators of habitat diversity and health. Due to the physical aspects of tamarisk removal, reintroduction of native vegetation (through seeding or natural recolonization) is a process that can take years to stabilize. The soil has been greatly disturbed and the recruitment of reproductively mature plants and therefore, the creation of a healthy seed bank takes time. Many types of adult insects, such as bees, wasps, flies, and beetles, use nectar as a source of energy. However bees dont just drink nectar, they also use the pollen as a source of nutrition on which to rear their offspring. Tamarisk is an incredibly good source of nectar, but is a lousy source of pollen. Since it is wind pollinated, the pollen grains are small and not very nutritious. Insect pollinated plants on the other hand provide both nectar and nutritious pollen. Many of these plants also have very tight relationships with their respective bees, in which case one species of bee may only pollinate a single genus of plant. Bees can be used to monitor the recovery of areas where tamarisk has been removed. The diversity of bees can vary greatly temporally and spatially. Bee traps are a low maintenance and low time commitment way of monitoring bees in xeric systems.
Data from: Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: implications for restoration
<ol> <li>Pioneer trees with fleshy fruits are typically planted in restoration projects to attract frugivores as a mean to increase dispersal and accelerate forest regeneration. However, differences in fruit traits of pioneer trees can potentially influence dispersal and their restoration outcomes.</li> <li>Here we investigated the effects of bird and plant traits, and distance to forest fragments, on the seed rain using a tree-planting experiment replicated in 12 deforested sites in Brazil. Factors were fruit traits of pioneer trees (wind-dispersed, bird-dispersed with lipids or with carbohydrates, and controls) and distance (10, 50, 300 m) from forest fragments.</li> <li>We found that density and richness of birds and seeds decreased exponentially with distance from fragments, yet these effects were minor compared to the effects of fruit traits on the structure of the seed rain.</li> <li>Overall, plots with fleshy-fruited pioneers attracted much greater bird activity and seed dispersal than plots with wind-dispersal pioneers and the controls. For instance, plots with carbohydrate-rich fruits received more than twice the average species richness and density of birds and seeds of plots with lipid-rich pioneer trees, surpassing wind-dispersed pioneers by more than 80%, and controls by over 90%. Furthermore, the fruit trait treatments resulted in morphological shifts in the average traits of visiting birds. Significant differences in bill gape and flight capacities (wing-loading) were associated with the differences in the seed rain associated with each treatments.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Understanding how trait-matching processes mediating mutualistic seed dispersal by frugivores interact with distance-dependent dispersal limitation on deforested tropical landscapes is critical for improving forest restoration efforts. This is especially relevant in the context of applied nucleation. As shown here, avian seed dispersal can thus be manipulated in restoration projects in order to increase connectivity and speed up forest recovery and the provision of the multiple ecosystem services that follow forest succession.</li> </ol>
Data from: Community carbon and water exchange responses to warming and precipitation enhancement in sandy grassland along a restoration gradient
Temperature increasing and precipitation alteration are predicted to occur in arid and semi-arid lands, however, the response mechanism of carbon and water exchange at community level is still unclear in semi-arid sandy land. We investigated the responses of carbon and water exchanges to warming and precipitation enhancement along a sand-dune restoration gradient: mobile sand dunes (MD), semi-fixed sand dunes (SFD) and fixed sand dunes (FD). The average net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) between May and August increased by 98% and 59%, respectively, from MD to SFD. While they had no significant differences between FD and the other two habitats. Warming inhibited ecosystem NEP, ET and water use efficiency (WUE) by 69%), 49% P<0.001 and 80%, respectively in SFD, while it nearly had no significant effects in MD and FD. However, precipitation addition by 30% nearly had no significant effects on community NEP, ET and WUE, except for warming treatment in FD. In general, precipitation addition of 30% may still not be enough to prevent drought stress for growth of plants, due to with low water-holding capacity and high evaporation rates in sandy land. Temperature increase magnified drought stress as it increased evapotranspiration rates especially in summer. In addition, community NEP, ET and WUE were usually influenced by interactions between habitats and temperature, as well as the interactions among habitats, temperature and precipitation. Species differences in each habitat along the restoration gradient may alter climate sensitivity of sandy land. These results will support in understanding and the prediction of the impacts of warming and precipitation change in semiarid sandy grassland.
Data from: Characterizing population and individual migration patterns among native and restored bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
Migration evolved as a behavior to enhance fitness through exploiting spatially and temporally variable resources and avoiding predation or other threats. Globally, landscape alterations have resulted in declines to migratory populations across taxa. Given the long time periods over which migrations evolved in native systems, it is unlikely restored populations embody the same migratory complexity that existed before population reductions or regional extirpation. 2. We used GPS location data collected from 209 female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to characterize population and individual migration patterns along elevational and geographic continuums for 18 populations of bighorn sheep with different management histories (i.e., restored, augmented, and native) across the western United States. 3. Individuals with resident behaviors were present in all management histories. Elevational migrations were the most common population-level migratory behavior. There were notable differences in the degree of individual variation within a population across the three management histories. Relative to native populations, restored and augmented populations had less variation among individuals with respect to elevational and geographic migration distances. Differences in migratory behavior were most pronounced for geographic distances, where the majority of native populations had a range of variation that was 2 to 4 times greater than restored or augmented populations. 4. Synthesis and applications. Migrations within native populations include a variety of patterns that translocation efforts have not been able to fully recreate within restored and augmented populations. Theoretical and empirical research has highlighted the benefits of migratory diversity in promoting resilience and population stability. Limited migratory diversity may serve as an additional factor limiting demographic performance and range expansion. We suggest preserving native systems with intact migratory portfolios and a more nuanced approach to restoration and augmentation in which source populations are identified based on a suite of criteria that includes matching migratory patterns of source populations with local landscape attributes.
Data from: Multi-species restoration accelerates recovery of extinguished oyster reefs
<p>1. A multi-species approach to habitat restoration may boost the key processes (e.g. recruitment) that enable foundation species to overcome barriers to recovery. Natural systems tend to be formed by co-occurring foundation species whose synergy drives ecological productivity and resilience beyond that of single foundation species. Yet, restoration remains primarily a single-species focus enterprise where positive interactions are seldom incorporated into planning. A multi-species approach that prioritises species combinations to create emergent properties for their persistence may accelerate habitat recovery and the success of restoration programs.</p> <p>2. On the largest oyster reef restoration project in the Southern Hemisphere, we experimentally established canopy-forming kelp to test whether they could accelerate the natural recruitment of oysters to substrata monopolised by turf-forming algae. To understand whether facilitation of oysters was a function of the kelp themselves (biological facilitation) or the physical environment they create (physical facilitation), we compared recruitment to the understorey of living kelp and synthetic kelp mimics.</p> <p>3. Despite observing high density oyster recruitment to the turf-free underside of reef boulders (8,300 oysters/m2), turf algae appeared to inhibit oyster recruitment to the exposed surfaces of the reef, limiting their capacity to grow and form complex, three-dimensional habitat.</p> <p>4. Transplanted kelp, whether living or synthetic kelp mimics, effectively reduced the biomass of turf and enhanced oyster recruitment, creating turf-free substrata on the upper reef surfaces with up to 26 times the oyster recruitment than turf-covered substrata.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our results provide proof-of-concept that incorporating the transplant of canopy-forming kelp to reefs constructed to restore oysters is not only achievable, but may be imperative to successfully restore oyster reefs in turf-dominated systems. Kelp transplants supressed the turf algae that otherwise excluded oysters from the reef surface, effectively shifting the competitive advantage toward oyster recovery by maintaining bare substrata for oyster recruitment. In demonstrating that co-restoring foundation species facilitates interactions that overcome barriers to recovery, we emphasise the need for restoration programs to incorporate the functional synergy of overlapping foundation species into planning, so to establish emergent properties that can accelerate the recovery of restored habitat.</p>
Supplemental Materials: Identification of proteins associated with the early restoration of insulin sensitivity after biliopancreatic diversion
<p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p> <p><b>CONTEXT:</b> Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is the most effective form of bariatric surgery for improving insulin sensitivity.</p> <p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To identify plasma proteins correlating with the early restoration of insulin sensitivity after BPD.</p> <p><b>DESIGN: </b>Prospective single centre study including twenty insulin resistant men with morbid obesity scheduled for BPD. Patient characteristics and blood samples were repeatedly collected from baseline up to four weeks post-surgery. IR was assessed by HOMA-IR, Matsuda Index and by studying metabolic profiles during meal tolerance tests. Unbiased proteomic analysis was performed to identify plasma proteins altered by BPD. Detailed plasma profiles were made on a selected set of proteins by targeted multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM/MS). Changes in plasma proteome were evaluated in relation to metabolic and inflammatory changes.</p> <p><b>RESULTS</b>: BPD resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and reduced body weight. Proteomic analysis identified 29 proteins changed following BPD. Changes in plasma levels of afamin, apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA4) and apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA2) correlated significantly with changes in IR.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSION:</b> Circulating levels of afamin, ApoA4 and ApoA2 were associated with and may contribute to the rapid improvement in insulin sensitivity after BPD.</p>
Non-continuous reproductive phenology of animal-dispersed species in young forest restoration plantings
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Tree species that produce resources for fauna are recommended for forest restoration plantings to attract pollinators and seed dispersers; however, information regarding the flowering and fruiting of these species during early growth stages is scarce. We evaluated the reproductive phenology of animal-dispersed tree species widely used in Atlantic Forest restoration. We marked 16 animal-dispersed tree species in 3- to 8-year-old forest restoration plantings in Itu-São Paulo, southeast Brazil. We noted the age of the first reproductive event, flowering and fruiting seasonality, percentage of trees that reached reproductive stages, and intensity of bud, flower, and fruit production for each species. Flowering and fruiting are seasonal for most species; only two, <i>Cecropia pachystachya</i> and <i>Ficus guaranitica,</i> exhibited continuous flowering and fruiting throughout the year; we also identified <i>Schinus terebinthifolia </i>and<i> Dendropanax cuneatus </i>fruiting in the dry season during resource scarcity. Therefore, we recommend all as framework species, that is, species that are animal-dispersed with early flowering and fruiting potential, for forest restoration. Further, we recommend identifying and planting similar animal-dispersed tree species that produce fruits constantly or in the dry season to maximize fauna resource availability throughout the year in tropical forest restoration plantings.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.