Find research datasets worth reusing

LBA-ECO TG-05 NPP, Carbon Pool, Soil Characteristics, Soil Gas Flux Maps of Brazil

This data set provides maps produced from model output data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (NASA-CASA) model and other modeling approaches. The maps include estimated annual Net Primary Production (ANPP), leaf (live) biomass carbon, wood (live) biomass carbon, fine root (live) biomass carbon, metabolic leaf litter (dead) carbon, structural leaf litter (dead) carbon, woody detritus (dead) carbon, and slow soil carbon, gridded at half-degree spatial resolution for the years 1982-1998, and 2001 (NPP data) for Brazil. Maps are provided at one-degree resolution for monthly soil emissions and soil uptake of N2O, NO, CO, and CH4. In addition, there are maps in 8-km resolution for soil texture, soil carbon, soil pH, soil maximum plant available water (paw), and net primary productivity (NPP).There are three files with this data set in tar.gz format. The files are in half-degree, one-degree, and 8-km resolution. When expanded, the half degree and one degree files contain 83 map files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format. The third file (8-km resolution) contains the soil and productivity maps. When expanded, this file contains 22 files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format.

Arctic Circumpolar Distribution and Soil Carbon of Thermokarst Landscapes, 2015

This data set provides the distribution of thermokarst landscapes in the boreal and tundra ecoregions within the northern circumpolar permafrost zones. This dataset provides an areal estimate of wetland, lake, and hillslope thermokarst landscapes as of 2015. Estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) content associated with thermokarst and non-thermokarst landscapes were based on available circumpolar 0 to 3 meter SOC storage data.

LBA-ECO ND-07 Carbon and Nitrogen in Cerrado Plants and Soils, Brasilia: 1999-2000

This data set provides (1) delta 15N ratios and nitrogen concentrations for foliar samples and (2) delta 13C and delta 15N ratios as well as carbon and nitrogen concentrations for soil samples collected from cerrado sites within the Ecological Reserve of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic (IBGE), Brasilia, Brazil. Foliar samples, collected from 320 individuals representing 45 woody tree and shrub species, and soil samples were collected from 5 cerrado locations (2 in campo sujo, 2 in cerrado denso and 1 in cerrado). Soil samples were collected to 450 cm depth in the campo sujo and 800 cm depth elsewhere. Samples were collected during the period December 1999 to September 2000. Eiten (1972) described campo sujo as an open savanna with scattered trees and shrubs, cerrado sensu stricto as a savanna woodland with abundant evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs and an herbaceous understory, and cerrado denso as medium to tall woodlands with closed or semiclosed canopies (Bustamante et al., 2004).There are two comma-delimited data files with this data set.

Soil Organic Carbon Distributions in Tidal Wetlands of the Northeastern USA

This dataset provides estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) in tidal wetlands for the northeastern United States. The data cover the period 1998-2018. Northeastern U.S. tidal wetlands and bordering areas were harmonized from government agencies [U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS), National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS), USDA-NRCS - Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - National Wetland Condition and Assessment (EPA-NWCA)] and published studies. Point data for carbon stocks (in kg m-2) at four soil depths (0-5, 0-30, 0-100, and 0-200 cm) are included. SOC for the four depths was predicted for eight regional zones using regression models driven by environmental covariates. Two methods were used to estimate parameters for these models, a Random Forest (RF) Ranger method and a Quantile Regression Forest (QRF) model. The distribution of SOC was predicted for tidal wetland cover types mapped by Correll et al. (2019). Predictions and uncertainties are available at a 3 m resolution.

Soil Organic Carbon and Wetland Intrinsic Potential, Hoh River Watershed, WA, 2012-13

This dataset contains estimates of soil organic carbon stocks and wetland intrinsic potential (WIP) across the Hoh River Watershed in the Olympic Peninsula, WA, USA in 2012-2013. Estimates were derived from an equation based on wetland intrinsic potential and geology type (Stewart et al., 2023). Wetland intrinsic potential estimates the likelihood that that an area is a wetland using a random forest model built on vegetation, hydrology, and soil data (Halabisky et al., 2022). SOC estimates at 1 m and 30 cm, SOC standard deviations, and WIP are presented in Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF (*.tif) format at 4-m resolution. Also included are 36 field observations of SOC collected from 2020-08-01 to 2022-06-29. These are contained in a comma separated (*.csv) file.

Soil Organic Carbon Estimates and Uncertainty at 1-m Depth across Mexico, 1999-2009

This dataset provides an estimate of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top one meter of soil across Mexico at a 90-m resolution for the period 1999-2009. Carbon estimates (kg/m2) are based on a field data collection of 2852 soil profiles by the National Institute for Statistics and Geography (INEGI). The profile data were used for the development of a predictive model along with a set of environmental covariates that were harmonized in a regular grid of 90x90 m2 across all Mexican states. The base of reference was the digital elevation model (DEM) of the INEGI at 90-m spatial resolution. A model ensemble of regression trees with a recursive elimination of variables explained 54% of the total variability using a cross-validation technique of independent samples. The error associated with the predictive model estimates of SOC is provided. A summary of the total estimated SOC per state, statistical description of the modeled SOC data, and the number of pixels modeled for each state are also provided.

BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon Data: NSA

The BOREAS TGB-12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites to estimate the rates of carbon accumulation and turnover in each of the major vegetation types. TGB-12 data sets include soil properties at tower and selected auxiliary sites in the BOREAS NSA and data on the seasonal variations in the radiocarbon content of CO2 in the soil atmosphere at NSA tower sites. The sampling strategies for soils were designed to take advantage of local fire chronosequences, so that the accumulation of C in areas of moss regrowth could be determined. These data are used to calculate the inventory of C and N in moss and mineral soil layers at NSA sites and to determine the rates of input and turnover (using both accumulation since the last stand-killing fire and radiocarbon data). This data set includes physical parameters needed to determine carbon and nitrogen inventory in soils. The data were collected discontinuously from August 1993 to July 1996.

Tidal Wetlands Soil Organic Carbon and Estuarine Characteristics, USA, 1972-2015

This dataset provides a synthesis of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates and a variety of other environmental information from tidal wetlands within estuaries in the conterminous United States for the period 1972-2015. The data were compiled from several existing data resources and include the following: soil organic carbon stock estimates, the proportion of the catchment area containing the wetlands that is barren, tidal wetland area, nontidal wetland land, open water, saltwater zone, mixed zone, agricultural, urban, forest, and wetland areas, land elevation, ocean salinity, sea surface temperature, ocean dissolved inorganic phosphorus, estuary latitude, longitude, depth, perimeter, salinity, and estuary volume, river flow, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus river flux, sediment organic carbon content, windspeed, mean temperature, daily and mean precipitation, frost days, and the population within each catchment. Estuaries were also classified to one of six typological categories. Coastal locations were determined by natural environmental and political divisions within the US. The data were used to investigate how tidal wetland soil organic carbon density is distributed across the continental US among various coastal locations, estuarine typologies, vegetation types, water regimes, and management regimes, and to identify whether SOC density is correlated with different environmental variables. The analytical results are not included with this dataset.

LBA Regional Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Data (Zinke et al.)

The data set contains a subset of a global organic soil carbon and nitrogen data set (Zinke et al. 1986). The subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., 10 N to 25 S, 30 to 85 W). The point data are available in three formats: a comma-delimited ASCII file (*.csv), an ESRI shapefile, and an ESRI export file (*.e00).The data for the global data set (Zinke et al. 1986) were obtained from soil surveys conducted by Zinke in 1965-1984 and from soil survey literature. The main samples for laboratory analyses were collected at uniform soil increments and included bulk density determinations. Many samples reported in the literature did not have uniform soil increments or bulk density determinations. Only soil profiles that had been sampled either to a meter in depth or to actual depth were included in this database from soil survey literature. When carbon content was known but bulk densities were absent from soil samples reported in the literature, densities were estimated by regression analysis on the basis of the relationship between organic carbon content and measured bulk density in 1800 soil profiles for which bulk densities were known.Further information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/carbon_dynamics/Zinke_soil/comp/zinke_readme.pdf.LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA can be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/misc_amazon.html.

Soil Organic Carbon Estimates for 30-cm Depth, Mexico and Conterminous USA, 1991-2011

This dataset provides two sets of gridded estimates of estimated soil organic carbon (SOC) and associated uncertainties for 0-30 cm topsoil layer in kg SOC/m2 at 250-m resolution across Mexico and the conterminous USA (CONUS). The first set of gridded SOC estimates, for the period 1991-2010, were derived using multi-source SOC field data and multiple environmental variables representative of the soil forming environment coupled with a machine learning approach (i.e., simulated annealing) and regression tree ensemble modeling for optimized SOC prediction. Predictions of gridded SOC and uncertainty based on multiple bulk density (BD) pedotransfer functions (PFTs) are also included. The second set of gridded SOC estimates, for the period 2009-2011, were derived from two fully independent validation field datasets from across both countries. Note that the same environmental variables and modeling approach used for the first set of estimates were applied to the second set to assess the models' sensitivity to multiple SOC data sources. The SOC field data for the first set of estimates are provided in this dataset and the other data sources, including the two independent validation field datasets, are referenced.

SAFARI 2000 Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Data (Zinke et al.)

The data set contains a subset of the Worldwide Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen (Zinke et al. 1986) data set for southern Africa. The data were obtained from soil surveys by Zinke and soil survey literature. The main samples for laboratory analyses were collected at uniform soil increments and included bulk density determinations. Many samples reported in the literature did not have uniform soil increments or bulk density determinations. Only soil profiles that had been sampled either to a meter in depth or to actual depth were included in this data base from soil survey literature. In literature where bulk densities were absent, densities were estimated by regressions based on organic carbon content of the soil samples associated with the profile using 1800 soil profiles for which bulk densities were known. More information can be found at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/soils/Zinke_soil/comp/zinke_readme.pdf.

BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon and Flux Data of NSA-MSA in Raster Format

The BOREAS TGB-12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites. This data set provides: (1) estimates of soil carbon stocks by horizon based on soil survey data and analyses of data from individual soil profiles; (2) estimates of soil carbon fluxes based on stocks, fire history, drainage, and soil C inputs and decomposition constants based on field work using radiocarbon analyses; (3) fire history data estimating age ranges of time since last fire; (4) a raster image and an associated soils table file from which area-weighted maps of soil carbon and fluxes and fire history may be generated. This data set was created from raster files, soil polygon data files, and detailed lab analysis of soils data that were received from Hugo Veldhuis who did the original mapping in the field during 1994. Also used were soils data from Susan Trumbore and Jennifer Harden (BOREAS TGB-12). The binary raster file covers a 733 km^2 area within the NSA-MSA.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

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Data from: Top-down control of carbon sequestration: grazing affects microbial structure and function in salt marsh soils

Tidal wetlands have been increasingly recognized as long-term carbon sinks in recent years. Work on carbon sequestration and decomposition processes in tidal wetlands focused so far mainly on effects of global-change factors such as sea-level rise and increasing temperatures. However, little is known about effects of land use, such as livestock grazing, on organic matter decomposition and ultimately carbon sequestration. The present work aims at understanding the mechanisms by which large herbivores can affect organic matter decomposition in tidal wetlands. This was achieved by studying both direct animal-microbe interactions and indirect animal-plant-microbe interactions in grazed and ungrazed areas of two long-term experimental field sites at the German North Sea coast. We assessed bacterial and fungal gene abundance using quantitative PCR, as well as the activity of microbial exo-enzymes by conducting fluorometric assays. We demonstrate that grazing can have a profound impact on the microbial community structure of tidal wetland soils, by consistently increasing the fungi-to-bacteria ratio by 38-42%, and therefore potentially exerts important control over carbon turnover and sequestration. The observed shift in the microbial community was primarily driven by organic matter source, with higher contributions of recalcitrant autochthonous (terrestrial) vs. easily degradable allochthonous (marine) sources in grazed areas favoring relative fungal abundance. We propose a novel and indirect form of animal-plant-microbe interaction: top-down control of aboveground vegetation structure determines the capacity of allochthonous organic matter trapping during flooding and thus the structure of the microbial community. Furthermore, our data provide the first evidence that grazing slows down microbial exo-enzyme activity and thus decomposition through changes in soil redox chemistry. Activities of enzymes involved in C cycling were reduced by 28-40%, while activities of enzymes involved in N cycling were not consistently affected by grazing. It remains unclear if this is a trampling-driven direct grazing effect, as hypothesized in earlier studies, or if the effect on redox chemistry is plant mediated and thus indirect. This study improves our process-level understanding of how grazing can affect the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of semi-terrestrial ecosystems that may help explain and predict differences in C turnover and sequestration rates between grazed and ungrazed systems.

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Data from: Water salinity and inundation control soil carbon decomposition during salt marsh restoration: an incubation experiment

Coastal wetlands are a significant carbon (C) sink since they store carbon in anoxic soils. This ecosystem service is impacted by hydrologic alteration and management of these ecosystems. Efforts to restore tidal flow to former salt marshes has increased in recent decades, and is generally associated with alteration of water inundation levels and salinity. This study examined the effect of water level and salinity changes on soil organic matter decomposition during a 60-day incubation period. Intact soil cores from impounded freshwater marsh and salt marsh were incubated after addition of either seawater or fresh water under flooded and drained water levels. Elevating freshwater marsh salinity to 6 to 9 ppt enhanced CO2 emission by 50% -80% and most typically decreased CH4 emissions, whereas, decreasing the salinity from 26 ppt to 19 ppt in salt marsh soils had no effect on CO2 or CH4 fluxes. The effect from altering water levels was more pronounced with drained soil cores emitting ~10-fold more CO2 than the flooded treatment in both marsh sediments. Draining soil cores also increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Stable carbon isotope analysis of CO2 generated during the incubations of freshwater marsh cores in drained soils demonstrates that relict peat OC that accumulated when the marsh was saline was preferentially oxidized when seawater was introduced. This study suggests that restoration of tidal flow that raises the water level from drained conditions would decrease aerobic decomposition and enhance C sequestration. It is also possible that the restoration increase soil C decomposition of deeper deposits by anaerobic oxidation, however this impact would be minimal compared to lower emissions expected due to the return of flooding conditions.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

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Data from: Differences in the soil microbial community and carbon use efficiency following development of Vochysia guatemalensis tree plantations in unproductive pastures in Costa Rica

This study shows that Vochysia guatemalensis tree plantations were associated with enhanced soil biotic and abiotic characteristics in previously cleared forests in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica, suggesting the possible use of this practice as a restoration strategy for local land owners. Soil samples from a primary forest (PF), secondary forest (SF), and a 13-year-old (OV) plantation of V. guatemalensis had greater relative abundances of DNA sequences of microbial genera critical for C-use efficiency (i.e., the saprobe, complex C and wood rot/lignin decomposer fungi, and bacterial lignin and other complex C degraders), and greater levels of total organic C, C-biomass, and Microbial Quotients as indicators of enhanced C-use efficiency, than found in soils of adjacent 5-year-old (NV) V. guatemalensis plantations and abandoned non-productive pasture/grasslands (GR). The major research conclusions were that: 1) conversion of forested land into abandoned pasture/grasslands decreased the C-use efficiency in the soils and the microbial groups associated with C-use efficiency; 2) soils in plantations of V. guatemalensis were associated with increased abundances of the DNA of these same microbial groups and enhanced C-use efficiency; 3) DNA-based taxonomic analysis of microbes and analysis of the Microbial Quotient values can be used to monitor soil ecosystems for assessment of the efficacy of restoration activities. Thus, planting V. guatemalensis on damaged lands in the Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR) should be encouraged to provide a sustainable forestry crop that can be harvested rotationally, while improving soil ecosystem health and reducing the pressure to harvest other forest sites.

opencc-zeroJun 2019View details →

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Long time-series (1980-2020) high-resolution (1km) and multi-depth soil organic carbon dataset in China

unit: kg C m-2 (soil oganic carbon density)0100: denote 0-100 cm020: denote 0-20 cmExample 1980: 1980-1984 (five years mean soc)

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Drought exacerbates dryland soil carbon loss from inorganic carbon under warming

Soil properties data for the study entitled "Drought exacerbates dryland soil carbon loss from inorganic carbon under warming".

restrictedcc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Data from: Soil carbon accumulation differences: allocation of visible plant biomass, carbon and nitrogen in two turfgrasses

Carbon accumulation in turfgrass soils by plant material may be beneficial to CO2 sequestration and soil health, but at high rates can easily lead to declined turfgrass quality (i.e. thatch and mat layer formation). In a field study it was investigated how the fraction of visible plant biomass of turfgrass (sub)species monocultures, with two or three varieties  as monoculture per (sub)species, and its C and  N concentration and CN ratio in this visible plant biomass in thatch, mat and soil layers contributes to C accumulation. In total three Festuca rubra subspecies; Festcua rubra commutata (Frc), Festuca rubra trichophylla (Frt), Festuca rubra rubra (Frr), and three Agrostis species; Agrostis canina (Acn), Agrostis capillaris (Acp), Agrostis stolonifera (As), were studied. The study was conducted on 3 years old turfgrass demonstration fields of two turfgrass seed companies: Festuca rubra subspecies samples were collected at a site of Barenbrug in Wolfheze (52°00´N, 5°46´E), and Agrostis species were sampled at a site of DLF in Moerstraten (51°32´N, 4°20´E), both in the Netherlands. Both sites were built on a sandy soil.  For every variety, cores of the top 20 cm of the soil including aboveground biomass were taken with a core sampler (diameter 28 mm). The core was immediately divided into 4 distinctive layers, thatch + aboveground biomass, mat, remaining upper 10 cm soil and 10-20 cm soil. Distinction of these layers followed the protocol of Evers et al. (2024). Aboveground biomass was separated from the thatch with scissors. Sediment from thatch, mat, remaining upper 10 cm of soil and 10-20 cm soil was carefully washed out with tap water, after which the remaining below-ground (dead and living) visible plant biomass and aboveground biomass was dried at 65 °C until stable weight and weighed. Total C and N analyses were carried out with a Vario Micro Cube Element Analyzer (Elementar, Langenselbold, Germany), from which C and N concentrations (in % of dry matter of plant biomass) and C to N ratios (CN ratio) were calculated.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Model output data of the paper: "Management induced changes of soil organic carbon on global croplands"

# Model output data of the paper: "Management induced changes of soil organic carbon on global croplands" This data was prodused using the the MadRat framework and the mrsoil R-library by the R-script SOCBudget.R, which is stored together with the data. mrsoil is based on the R-libraries mrcommons, mrmagpie and mrvalidation. ### REFERENCES Dietrich J, Baumstark L, Wirth S, Giannousakis A, Rodrigues R, Bodirsky B, Kreidenweis U, Klein D (2020). _madrat: May All Data be Reproducible and Transparent (MADRaT)_. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1115490 (URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1115490), R package version 1.86.0, <URL: https://github.com/pik-piam/madrat>. rstens K, Dietrich J (2020). _mrsoil: MadRat Soil Organic Carbon Budget Library_. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4317933 (URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4317933), R package version 1.1.0, <URL: https://github.com/pik-piam/mrsoil>. Bodirsky B, Karstens K, Baumstark L, Weindl I, Wang X, Mishra A, Wirth S, Stevanovic M, Steinmetz N, Kreidenweis U, Rodrigues R, Popov R, Humpenoeder F, Giannousakis A, Levesque A, Klein D, Araujo E, Beier F, Oeser J, Pehl M, Leip D, Molina Bacca E, Martinelli E, Schreyer F, Dietrich J (2020). _mrcommons: MadRat commons Input Data Library_. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3822009 (URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822009), R package version 0.11.10, <URL: https://github.com/pik-piam/mrcommons>. Karstens K, Dietrich J, Chen D, Windisch M, Alves M, Beier F, v. Jeetze P, Mishra A, Humpenoeder F (2020). mrmagpie: madrat based MAgPIE Input Data Library. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4319612 (URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4319612), R package version 0.31.0, <URL: https://github.com/pik-piam/mrmagpie>. Bodirsky B, Wirth S, Karstens K, Humpenoeder F, Stevanovic M, Mishra A, Biewald A, Weindl I, Chen D, Molina Bacca E, Kreidenweis U, W. Yalew A, Humpenoeder F, Wang X, Dietrich J (2020). _mrvalidation: madrat data preparation for validation purposes_. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4317826 (URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4317826), R package version 2.5.0, <URL: https://github.com/pik-piam/mrvalidation>. ## LICENSE This data is open-source: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the **CC Attribution 4.0 International** as published by the Creative Commons Corporation at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. ## CONTACT karstens@pik-potsdam.de