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FIGURE 5 in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae

FIGURE 5. Sequence of 16S-23S ITS flanking regions of the BoxB and V3 helices for Roholtiella species. Base pair position shown above sequences, with sequences of BoxB, BoxA-D4, and V3 not shown. Variable bases shaded in gray.

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FIGURE 2. A–O in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae

FIGURE 2. A–O. Roholtiella bashkiriorum, sp. nov. A. Hormogonium. B–E. Young tapered, Calothrix-like filaments. F. Branching at the heterocyte. I, K. Isopolar filaments with intercalary heterocyte(s), arrow marks a point of subsequent breakage. G–H, J, M–N. Mature filaments becoming arthrospores and being released from the opened ends. L, O. Rows of arthrospores. P–X. Roholtiella fluviatilis, sp. nov. P, S. Young tapered filaments. Q–X. Mature filaments and formation of arthrospores. R. Double false branching. U. Row of arthrospores. X. Filaments with reddish colored sheath. Strains used in this figure: CCALA 1057 = B–C, F, I–J, L, O, CCALA 1059 = A, D–E, G–H, K, M–N. CCALA 1058 = P–X. Scale bar applies to all figures, in A, B, D–H, J–P, R, T–X = 20 μm, in C, I, Q, S = 50 μm.

FIGURE 5 in Hymenoporus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov., a striking fungus of the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with tubular hymenophore

FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the partial 28S rDNA gene region. Sequence of Hymenoporus paradoxus obtained in this study is marked in bold. Reference sequences from GenBank with accession numbers are included. Bootstrap values ML (>70%) are given above nodes and MCMC (>0.7) below nodes. The scale bar indicates the genetic distance of the branch lengths. Accession numbers of sequences are given after species names.

FIGURE 4. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A in Hymenoporus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov., a striking fungus of the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with tubular hymenophore

FIGURE 4. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A. Coralloid terminal parts of cheilocystidia. B, C. Coralloid terminal parts of elements in pileipellis. All photographed under SEM. Scale bars: A–C = 2 μm (in A). Photo M. Marciuš.

FIGURE 3. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A. Pileipellis with repent elements. B. Pileipellis with dendriform elements. C in Hymenoporus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov., a striking fungus of the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with tubular hymenophore

FIGURE 3. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A. Pileipellis with repent elements. B. Pileipellis with dendriform elements. C. Repent elements of pileipellis (under PhC microscope). D. Dendriform elements of pileipellis (under PhC microscope). E. Hymenophoral trama. F. Pileal trama. Scale bars: A, B, E, F = 20 μm (in B & E); C, D = 10 μm (in C). Photo Z. Tkalčec.

FIGURE 2. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A–E. Basidioles. F–G. Basidia. H–K. Spores. L. Pleurocystidia. M–P. Cheilocystidia. All photographed under PhC light microscope except M in Hymenoporus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov., a striking fungus of the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with tubular hymenophore

FIGURE 2. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A–E. Basidioles. F–G. Basidia. H–K. Spores. L. Pleurocystidia. M–P. Cheilocystidia. All photographed under PhC light microscope except M (brightfield). Scale bars: A–G = 5 μm (in E); H–K = 3 μm (in H); L = 5 μm; M = 10 μm; N–P = 10 μm (in P). Photo Z. Tkalčec.

FIGURE 1. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A–C in Hymenoporus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov., a striking fungus of the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with tubular hymenophore

FIGURE 1. Hymenoporus paradoxus. A–C. Fresh basidiocarps. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 1 mm. Photo C.-Y. Deng.

FIGURES 199–204 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 199–204. Light micrographs showing the range of morphological variation in Entogoniopsis tabellaria. Figs 199, 201: BM63765, Manila, Philippine Islands. Fig. 200: BM63761, Colón, Panama. Fig. 202: BM coll. Adams TS543, Jérémie, Haiti (label on slide: 'Triceratium grave'). Fig. 203: BM coll. Adams TS451, Tamatave, Madagascar (label on slide: 'T. grave'). Fig. 204: BM coll. Adams TS582, Maria Madre Island, Mexico (slide label reads: 'Biddulphia riedyi').

FIGURES 249–252 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 249–252. Light micrographs of some of the new combinations proposed in this study. Fig. 249: BM63779, Trilamina tripes, Joe's River, Barbadoes. Fig. 250: BM2763, Trilamina denticulata, Cambridge, Barbadoes, holotype. Slide thickness prevents Köhler illumination. Fig. 251: BM2111, Trilamina rotundata, Barbadoes, holotype. Slide thickness prevents Köhler illumination. Fig. 252: BM3078, Trilamina obesa, Cambridge, Barbadoes, holotype.

FIGURES 243–248 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 243–248. Light micrographs showing the range of morphological variation in Trilamina westiana. Fig. 243: BM52820, Barbadoes. Slide thickness prevents Köhler illumination. Fig. 244: BM coll. Adams GC3466, Springfield, Barbadoes. Fig. 245: BM2029, Barbadoes, holotype. Slide thickness prevents Köhler illumination. Fig. 246: BM coll. Adams F1414, Barbadoes. Fig. 247: BM coll. Adams J4252, Springfield, Barbadoes. Fig. 248: BM coll. Adams F1413, Newcastle, Barbadoes.

FIGURES 239–242 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 239–242. Scanning electron micrographs of Trilamina westiana from dredging DODO-123-D1, Mascarene Ridge, Indian Ocean. Fig. 239: Flat internal view of a specimen with an attached valvocopula. Internal opening of the rimoportula indicated by arrow. Fig. 240: Oblique internal view of the specimen in Fig. 239, showing valve face undulations, and the large clasping devices on the valvocopula (VC; arrowhead). Fig. 241: Detail of the specimen in Fig. 239, showing the areolation pattern within one of the projections. Note the poorly defined pseudocellus in the lower left corner (arrow). Fig. 242: Detail of the specimen in Fig. 239, showing the central area, with a single rimoportula located slightly off-centre (arrow).

FIGURES 217–222 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 217–222. Scanning electron micrographs of Trilamina nitescens from Oamaru, New Zealand. Fig. 217: Oblique external view of a valve with attached valvocopula (VC). Fig. 218: Detail of the specimen in Fig. 217, showing the hyaline depressed sectors next to the valve centre. Arrow points to a poroid which might represent an external opening of a rimoportula. Fig. 219: Detail of the specimen in Fig. 217, showing the inconspicuous polar pseudocellus (arrowhead). Fig. 220: Flat internal view of a specimen with an attached valvocopula. Internal opening of the rimoportula is indicated by the white arrow. Arrowhead points to the prominent, tapering costa on the underside of the depressed area. Black arrow indicates the costa associated with the margin of the valve centre. Fig. 221: Oblique internal view of the specimen in Fig. 220, showing the differentiated clasping devices on the valvocopula. Large clasping mechanism is indicated by the arrowhead; small clasping mechanism is indicated by the white arrow. Note that the possible pseudocelli are bound by costae on the interior (black arrows). Fig. 222: Detail of the small clasping devices attached to the internal costae in the distal part of one of the projections.

FIGURES 236–238 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 236–238. Light micrographs showing the range of morphological variation in Trilamina wittiana. Fig. 236: BM36216, Java, Indonesia (label reads: 'Reinhold sample AY-12'). Fig. 237: BM63802, Java, Indonesia. Fig. 238: BM63801, Jérémie, Haiti.

FIGURES 205–211 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 205–211. Scanning electron micrographs of Entogoniopsis? sp. from Szurdokpüspöki ('Castel'), Hungary. Fig. 205: Oblique external view of a short chain. Note the prominent, curved linking spine preserved on the lower pole (arrow), and the lack of external openings of the rimoportulae within the central area. VC: valvocopula, C: copula. Fig. 206: Internal view of the central area, showing the internal openings of the rimoportulae. Fig. 207: Oblique internal view of the sibling valve, showing the location of the rimoportulae within the central area (arrowhead), and a series of prominent internal costae along the valve margin (arrow). Fig. 208: Detail of the poles, tightly linked by hooked linking spines. Fig. 209: Girdle view of a short chain showing additional interlocking linking devices along the crest of the marginal ridge (arrows). Note that the valve to the right of the micrograph differs in structure of the marginal ridge. Arrowhead indicates polar linking spines. Fig. 210: Detail of the sibling valves, showing the interlocking linking devices along the crest of the marginal ridge. Fig. 211: Detail of a polar elevation, showing a cross-section through a fractured spine (arrowhead).

FIGURES 177–178 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 177–178. Light micrographs of Entogoniopsis kempii. Figs 177–178: BM101700, dredging DODO-123-D1, Mascarene Ridge, Indian Ocean. Specimen in Fig. 177 is the holotype.

FIGURES 179–184 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 179–184. Scanning electron micrographs of Entogoniopsis foveata from Barbadoes. Fig. 179: External view of a specimen with fractured pseudocelli. Arrow points to the location of the central areola. Fig. 180: Internal view of a hypovalve with attached valvocopula and a displaced band of the epicingulum. Arrow indicates the location of the central areola. Fig. 181: Oblique external view of the specimen in Fig. 179. Note the fractures on the mantle revealing the internal costae (arrows). Fig. 182: Detail of the specimen in Fig. 180 showing the interior of the trifolium. Note well-preserved cribra visible on the underside of the depressed sector (arrowhead), and the absence of an internal slit in association with the central areola. Fig. 183: Detail of the specimen in Fig. 180, showing the girdle elements: attached valvocopula (VC) and the detached copula or pleura (C/P?). Arrow indicates one of the clasping devices that link the valvocopula to the internal costae. Fig. 184: Detail of the specimen in Fig. 180, showing the hyaline pars interior of the displaced girdle element (arrow), and the step on the mantle (arrowhead). Note well-preserved cribra visible on the mantle (black arrow).

FIGURES 168–170 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 168–170. Light micrographs showing the range of morphological variation in Entogoniopsis gleseri. Figs 168–170: BM101699, dredging DODO-123-D1, Mascarene Ridge, Indian Ocean. Specimen in Fig. 170 is the holotype.

FIGURE 253 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURE 253. Cladogram showing the relationships amongst Entogonia, Medlinia, Entogoniopsis and Trilamina; Triceratium and Sheshukovia are placed in a basal position as neither are demonstrably monophyletic and no characters are presented to relate them more closely to other genera considered here. Numerals represent characters (synapomorphies) defined in Table 1. The cladogram includes Characters 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8. Excluded characters are: presence or absence of rimoportulae (Character 4), which are absent only in Entogonia, hence it is an automorphy for that genus (notwithstanding the occurrence, or lack of, in Entogoniopsis and Trilamina); location of rimoportulae (Character 5) is too variable to suggest direct relationships (with the exception of Medlinia and Sheshukovia, which suggests that a sub-marginal location is most likely plesiomorphic; mantle margin (Character 6), is serrated only in Medlinia, hence it is an automorphy for that genus.

FIGURES 212–216 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 212–216. Light micrographs of some of the new combinations proposed in this study. Fig. 212: BM63525, Entogoniopsis dutertrei, Kusnetzk, Russia. Fig. 213: BM37991, Entogoniopsis pseudonervata, Oamaru, New Zealand. Fig. 214: ANSP slide SchAR3461, Entogoniopsis curvinervia, Barbadoes, holotype. Micrograph by Jennifer Beals. Fig. 215: BM63762, Entogoniopsis curvicostata, Joe's River, Barbadoes (label reads: 'Triceratium pallidum'). Fig. 216: BM37989, Entogoniopsis truncata, Springfield, Barbadoes.

FIGURES 171–176 in Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser

FIGURES 171–176. Scanning electron micrographs of Entogoniopsis kempii from dredging DODO-123-D1, Mascarene Ridge, Indian Ocean. Fig. 171: Oblique external view, showing the pattern of valve face undulations. Note the flat summits of the polar elevations, distinctly cut off from the remainder of the valve face by the rugged hyaline marginal ridge (arrow). Location of the rimoportulae is indicated by arrowhead. Fig. 172: Oblique internal view, showing a series of prominent internal costae along each margin. Rimoportulae are indicated by arrowhead. Fig. 173: External view of the valve face, showing five inconspicuous rimoportulae located in the central part of the trifolium (arrows). Fig. 174: Internal view of the central area, showing nine rimoportulae with slightly raised internal openings (arrow). Fig. 175: Detail of a polar elevation, showing a flat summit, and a fractured pseudocellus located on the distal face of the elevation. Fig. 176: Detail of the mantle, showing an inwardly expanded margin (arrow), and robust internal costae.