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FIGURE 5. Arcuphantes cruciatus n in A review of the Arcuphantes species with the genitalia of arcuatulus - type (Araneae, Linyphiidae)
FIGURE 5. Arcuphantes cruciatus n. sp. A–B, male palp, with embolic division removed, A, prolateral; B, retrolateral; C–D, embolic division, arrows point to central serrated area of radix, C, ventral; D, dorsal; E–H, epigynum, with extensible basal part removed, E, ventral, ventral plate artificially broken; F, dorsal; G, caudal; H, inner, shows epigynal grooves. [Scale bars, mm]
FIGURE 1 in A review of the Arcuphantes species with the genitalia of arcuatulus - type (Araneae, Linyphiidae)
FIGURE 1. Arcuphantes species with the genitalia of arcuatulus-type. A, A. arcuatulus, male, dorsal; B, A. arcuatulus, female, dorsal; C, A. cruciatus n. sp., female, dorsal; D, A. denticulatus n. sp., male, dorsal; E, A. semiorbiculatus n. sp., female, dorsal; F, A. semiorbiculatus n. sp., female, lateral. [Scale bars, mm]
FIGURE 4. Arcuphantes arcuatulus. A–C in A review of the Arcuphantes species with the genitalia of arcuatulus - type (Araneae, Linyphiidae)
FIGURE 4. Arcuphantes arcuatulus. A–C, male palp, with embolic division removed, A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D–E. embolic division, arrows point to central serrated area of radix, D, ventral; E, dorsal. [Scale bars, mm]
FIGURE 7. Male palpal embolic division and paracymbium. A–B in A review of the Arcuphantes species with the genitalia of arcuatulus - type (Araneae, Linyphiidae)
FIGURE 7. Male palpal embolic division and paracymbium. A–B, Arcuphantes arcuatulus, C–D, A. cruciatus n. sp., E–F, A. denticulatus n. sp., A, C, E, embolic division, anterior, embolus apex artificially broken in E, arrows point to anterior process of terminal apophysis turning backwards in A and extending forward in E, and bulged anterior part of terminal apophysis in C; B, D, F, paracymbium, arrows in B and F point to basal fold of paracymbial middle arm. [Scale bars, mm]
FIGURES 1–15 in On the blue butterfly taxa established by L.G. Courvoisier with the type locality "Narün" (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
FIGURES 1–15. Polyommatus, Plebejus, Phengaris and Lycaena specimens. 1, 2: Polyommatus venus (Staudinger, 1886), lectotype male, upperside (1), underside (2). 3: Phengaris cyanecula (Eversmann, 1848), male, Russia, Bashkortostan, Yantysh village, upperside (right side) and underside (left side). 4, 5: Polyommatus icarus wiskotti (Courvoisier, 1911), lectotype male, upperside (4), underside (5). 6: Phengaris cyanecula (Eversmann, 1848), male, Kyrgyzstan, Suusamyr valley, Sary-Kaiky gorge, upperside (right side) and underside (left side). 7, 8: P. cyanecula naruena (Courvoisier, 1911), paralectotype male, upperside (7), underside (8). 9, 12: P. cyanecula naruena (Courvoisier, 1911), lectotype female, upperside (9), underside (12). 10, 11: Plebejus idas naruena (Courvoisier, 1913), lectotype male, upperside (10), underside (11). 13: P. idas (Linnaeus, 1761), male, Kyrgyzstan, South shore of Issyk-Kul lake, Kichi-Dzhargylchak environs, upperside (left side), underside (right side). 14, 15: Lycaena phlaeas naruena (Courvoisier, 1911), lectotype male, upperside (14), underside (15).
FIGURE 16. The designated lecotype labels. A in On the blue butterfly taxa established by L.G. Courvoisier with the type locality "Narün" (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
FIGURE 16. The designated lecotype labels. A: Lycaena phlaeas naruena (Courvoisier, 1911); B: Polyommatus icarus wiskotti (Courvoisier, 1911); C: Phengaris cyanecula naruena (Courvoisier, 1911); D: Plebejus idas naruena (Courvoisier, 1913).
Figure 13. Cape Arid and Middle Island. 1, Type localities where M. avibus and M in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid
Figure 13. Cape Arid and Middle Island. 1, Type localities where M. avibus and M. caeruleus have been found, superimposed on an old nautical map of the southwestern coast (1802 survey published by Forrest et al. 1878). Depths are in fathoms (1 fathom = 1.822 m). Coastlines on this early survey map are only approximate. 2, View of Middle Island in the Recherche Archipelago (at right rear, in the distance) from Cape Arid. Several smaller islands nearer to the coast can also be seen. Presently Middle Island is separated from the Cape by a shallow strait.
The role of ground type, moisture and temperature on the vertical growth of lichens: A test of hypotheses with paramo lichens
<p>There is little reliable information about determinants of vertical growth in terricolous lichens, traditionally divided into short "crustose", intermediate "foliose" and tall "fruticose" growth forms, a practice that artificially hides a growth continuum. Substrate, temperature and especially water are thought to affect, but such factors are hard to measure, because, for example, the water actually available to lichens does not match rainfall patterns or even over ground levels. To reliably assess the effect of those factors, I recorded the temperature, moisture and substrate in and under individual lichen colonies in 415 fixed PVC frame quadrats (Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica, 9°33'N; 83°45'W), on April, August, October and December of 2015. The measurements are more reliable because they were taken inside the colonies themselves (rather than on the general environment), because they covered hundreds of cases during a year, and because they are from the relatively simple paramo habitat, where animals or vegetation have less impact on lichens than in lower ecosystems. The hypotheses were that lichens would grow taller on softer, warmer and moister ground, on the moister Caribbean versant and on the moister part of the year. Results matched the hypotheses, with one exception: lichens on soft ground were not taller than those on rock. Caribbean colonies were, on the average, 7 cm taller than those on the drier Pacific versant. Foliose, fruticose and crustose lichens were equally frequent as dominant in the quadrats. Crustose species, together with their bacterial and microinvertebrate communities, with suffer the most with global warming.</p>
The role of ground type, moisture and temperature on the vertical growth of lichens: A test of hypotheses with paramo lichens
<p>There is little reliable information about determinants of vertical growth in terricolous lichens, traditionally divided into short "crustose", intermediate "foliose" and tall "fruticose" growth forms, a practice that artificially hides a growth continuum. Substrate, temperature and especially water are thought to affect, but such factors are hard to measure, because, for example, the water actually available to lichens does not match rainfall patterns or even over ground levels. To reliably assess the effect of those factors, I recorded the temperature, moisture and substrate in and under individual lichen colonies in 415 fixed PVC frame quadrats (Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica, 9°33'N; 83°45'W), on April, August, October and December of 2015. The measurements are more reliable because they were taken inside the colonies themselves (rather than on the general environment), because they covered hundreds of cases during a year, and because they are from the relatively simple paramo habitat, where animals or vegetation have less impact on lichens than in lower ecosystems. The hypotheses were that lichens would grow taller on softer, warmer and moister ground, on the moister Caribbean versant and on the moister part of the year. Results matched the hypotheses, with one exception: lichens on soft ground were not taller than those on rock. Caribbean colonies were, on the average, 7 cm taller than those on the drier Pacific versant. Foliose, fruticose and crustose lichens were equally frequent as dominant in the quadrats. Crustose species, together with their bacterial and microinvertebrate communities, with suffer the most with global warming.</p>
FIGURE 6 in A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 6. Caloptilia stigmatella type. Visualisations of right fore and hindwings of C. stigmatella holotype.
FIGURE 5. Caloptilia stigmatella type. 5 in A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 5. Caloptilia stigmatella type. 5. Visualisations of left fore and hindwings of C. stigmatella holotype.
FIGURE 4 in A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 4. Caloptilia stigmatella type. Initial scan of C. stigmatella holotype wings targeted above the pin.
FIGURE 2. Original material. 2 in A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 2. Original material. 2. Type specimen of Tinea stigmatella (Fabricius, 1781) GLAHM:137070 kept at the Hunterian, University of Glasgow. The handwritten number 34 on the label matches the number in original description by Fabricius.
FIGURE 1 in A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 1. Original material. The original description of Tinea stigmatella by Fabricius (1781). The description is under the number 34.
FIGURE 3. Caloptilia stigmatella type. Fabrician type C in A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 3. Caloptilia stigmatella type. Fabrician type C. stigmatella secured in position with dental wax ready for scanning.
FIGURE 10. Loose Type D in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology
FIGURE 10. Loose Type D bract of Agalma clausi from BWP Dive 1044-11. Scale bar: 1 mm. (With grateful thanks to Ron Gilmer).
Supplementary material 3 from: Hjalmarsson AE, Graf W, Jähnig SC, Vitecek S, Pauls SU (2018) Molecular association and morphological characterisation of Himalopsyche larval types (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae). ZooKeys 773: 79-108. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24319
Figure S2. Life stage association results based on COI : Explanation note: The tree was generated in MrBayes (run1). Node values represent posterior probabilities.
Supplementary material 2 from: Hjalmarsson AE, Graf W, Jähnig SC, Vitecek S, Pauls SU (2018) Molecular association and morphological characterisation of Himalopsyche larval types (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae). ZooKeys 773: 79-108. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24319
Figure S1. Life stage association results based on CAD : Explanation note: The tree was generated in MrBayes (run1). Node values represent posterior probabilities.
Supplementary material 1 from: Hjalmarsson AE, Graf W, Jähnig SC, Vitecek S, Pauls SU (2018) Molecular association and morphological characterisation of Himalopsyche larval types (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae). ZooKeys 773: 79-108. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24319
List of specimens : Explanation note: Table listing all specimens included in the study including their BOLD-IDs, species/OTU assignation, collection data, and haplotype numbers.
FIGURE 1 in Catalogue of the type material in the entomological collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark: basal hexapods
FIGURE 1. Type of Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius, 1793)—the oldest basal hexapod type of the NHMD collection.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.