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Data from: Mapping beta diversity from space: Sparse Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (SGDM) for analysing high-dimensional data
1. Spatial patterns of community composition turnover (beta diversity) may be mapped through Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM). While remote sensing data are adequate to describe these patterns, the often high-dimensional nature of these data poses some analytical challenges, potentially resulting in loss of generality. This may hinder the use of such data for mapping and monitoring beta-diversity patterns. 2. This study presents Sparse Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling (SGDM), a methodological framework designed to improve the use of high-dimensional data to predict community turnover with GDM. SGDM consists of a two-stage approach, by first transforming the environmental data with a sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA), aimed at dealing with high-dimensional datasets, and secondly fitting the transformed data with GDM. The SCCA penalisation parameters are chosen according to a grid search procedure in order to optimise the predictive performance of a GDM fit on the resulting components. The proposed method was illustrated on a case study with a clear environmental gradient of shrub encroachment following cropland abandonment, and subsequent turnover in the bird communities. Bird community data, collected on 115 plots located along the described gradient, were used to fit composition dissimilarity as a function of several remote sensing datasets, including a time series of Landsat data as well as simulated EnMAP hyperspectral data. 3. The proposed approach always outperformed GDM models when fit on high-dimensional datasets. Its usage on low-dimensional data was not consistently advantageous. Models using high-dimensional data, on the other hand, always outperformed those using low-dimensional data, such as single date multispectral imagery. 4. This approach improved the direct use of high-dimensional remote sensing data, such as time series or hyperspectral imagery, for community dissimilarity modelling, resulting in better performing models. The good performance of models using high-dimensional datasets further highlights the relevance of dense time series and data coming from new and forthcoming satellite sensors for ecological applications such as mapping species beta diversity.
Data from: Three-dimensional preservation of cellular and subcellular structures reveal 1.6 billion-year-old probable crown-group red algae
The ~1.6 Ga Tirohan Dolomite of the Lower Vindhyan in central India contains phosphatized stromatolitic microbialites. We report from there uniquely well-preserved fossils interpreted as crown-group rhodophytes (red algae). The filamentous form Rafatazmia chitrakootensis n.gen, n.sp. has uniserial rows of large cells and grows through diffusely distributed septation. Each cell has a centrally suspended, conspicuous rhomboidal disk interpreted as a pyrenoid. The septa between the cells have central structures that may represent pit connections and pit plugs. Another filamentous form, Denaricion mendax n.gen., n.sp., has coin-like cells reminiscent of those in large sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, but much more recalcitrant than the liquid-vacuole-filled cells of the latter. Its wider affinities are uncertain. Ramathallus lobatus n.gen., n.sp. is a lobate sessile alga with pseudoparenchymatous thallus and apparent tetraspore formation, suggesting florideophycean affinity. Rafatazmia and Ramathallus are interpreted as crown-group multicellular rhodophytes, antedating the oldest previously accepted red alga in the fossil record by about 400 million years.
Data-Two-dimensional numerical study on particle motion trajectories and deposition in a channel of partial diesel particulate filter
<p>A numerical investigation on the soot laden flow of gas in a PDPF (Partial Diesel Particulate Filter) is presented based on solving the momentum equations for continuous phase in the Euler frame and the motion equations for dispersed phase in the Lagrangian frame. The interaction between the gas and particles is treated as one-way coupling for extremely dilute particle concentration, while the interaction between particles and porous wall is implemented through user-defined-subroutines. To accurately track the motion of nanoscale particles, the drag force, the Brownian excitation, and the partial slip are included in the particle motion equation. Two methods are used to verify the gas flow model and reasonable agreement for both comparisons is observed. The effects of upstream velocity, wall permeability and particle size on the filtration efficiency and deposition distribution of the particles along the wall surface of inlet channel are quantitatively studied. The results show that (1) the wall permeability plays the most primary role in determining the filtration efficiency of PDPF; (2) high upstream velocity improves filtration efficiency and drives the deposition position of particles to the rear of inlet channel; (3) the dependence of the particle deposition distribution on its own size is mainly reflected in the initial deposition position; (4) the filtration efficiency of PDPF is not proportional markedly to the gas flow into inlet channel at a low wall permeability, implying an intense separation of particles from gas streamline at the flow entrance.</p>
data for "Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas"
<p>data for "Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas"</p>
Figure 6 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 6. Schematic overview of the genital system, male phase. (A) Overview of posterior genital system of paratype, ∗ indicates genital pore, ∗∗ indicates widening in distal bursa stalk, dorsal view; (B) overview of cephalic copulatory apparatus of paratype, dorsal view; (C, D) adapted from Küthe (1935), used with permission: (C) copulatory apparatus with anterior muscle (showing external duct with distal bifurcation and bypass leading into lumen and groove of the stylet) and posterior muscle (with duct passing through the retractor muscle and exiting through a papilla close to a hooked thorn); (D) cross-section of stylet showing lumen and groove. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; bf, basal finger; bp, bypass of paraprostatic duct; bvd, "posterior-leading" vas deferens; dv, diverticle; ed, ejaculatory duct on raised papilla; gd, gonoduct; go, gonad; gr, groove of cuticular stylet; m1, "anterior" muscle, confused with the penis by Küthe; m2, "horseshoe-shaped posterior" muscle; p, penis; pp, paraprostate; ppd, paraprostatic duct; pr, prostate; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle of copulatory apparatus; rs, receptaculum seminis; sg, external sperm groove on right body side; st, hollow stylet; th, thorn.
Figure 4 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 4. Schematic overview of the central nervous system, dorsal view. Pedal nerves omitted and length of pleuroparietal connectives exaggerated for reasons of visualization. Buccal commissure and cerebrobuccal connective not found. Abbreviations: bg, buccal ganglion; cg, cerebral ganglion; ey, eye; gog, gastro-oesophageal ganglion; ln, labial tentacle nerve; on, optic nerve; orn, oral nerve; opt, optical ganglion; osg, tentative osphradial ganglion; pag, parietal ganglion; pg, pedal ganglion; plg, pleural ganglion; rhg, rhinophoral ganglion; rhn, rhinophoral nerve; st, statocyst; subg, subintestinal ganglion; supg, supraintestinal ganglion; vc, long visceral connective between subg+vg and supg+pag; vg, visceral ganglion; vn, visceral nerve.
Figure 8 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 8. Semi-thin sections showing aspects of the cephalic copulatory apparatus, male phase. (A) Buccal mass and copulatory apparatus, arrowhead, opening direction of penial sheath, asterisks, ciliated loops of prostatic duct, note paraprostatic duct passing through retractor muscle (anterior view, dorsal side is up); (A') tip of penis with chitinous thorn; (B, C) more anterior sections showing relation of penis and basal finger, note widening of ejaculatory duct; (D) prostate; (E) regular epithelium covering the basal finger; (F) curved base of basal finger showing course of distal paraprostatic duct, note bypass to lumen of penial sheath, open base of stylet, asterisk indicates lumen inside stylet that will connect to paraprostatic duct; (G) stylet showing lumen filled with epithelial cells (∗) and outer groove (∗∗); (H–L) series of sections through stylet, L closest to tip. Abbreviations: bf, basal finger; bp, bypass of paraprostatic duct into lumen of penial sheath; ed, ejaculatory duct; p, penis; ph, pharynx; pr, prostate; ppd, paraprostatic duct; r, radula; rm, retractor muscle of copulatory apparatus; st, stylet of basal finger; th, thorn of penis tip. Scale bars: A, 250 µm; B, C, F, 100 µm; D, E, 50 µm; A', G, H, J–L, 25 µm.
Figure 7 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the genital system, male phase. (A) Genital system (right view); (B) posterior genital system (oblique anterior view); (C) detail of distal gonoduct and genital opening (right view); (D) complete genital system (ventral view); (E) copulatory apparatus (anteroventral view); (F) copulatory apparatus (right view, ∗ indicates blind ending of paraprostate; prostate and penial sheath omitted). Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; bf, basal finger; bp, bypass of paraprostatic duct; bs, bursa stalk; bvd, "posterior-leading" vas deferens; dv, diverticle; ed, ejaculatory duct; gd, gonoduct; go, gonad; gol, central lumen of gonad; gp, genital pore; gpa, anterior genital opening; p, penis; pp, paraprostate; ppd, paraprostatic duct, pr, prostate; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sg, external sperm groove; st, stylet; th, thorn. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, D–F, 250 µm; C, 100 µm.
Figure 3 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 3. Semi-thin cross-sections of anterior head–foot. (A) Cross-section through body at level of buccal mass (retracted); (B) foot with ciliated sole, subepidermal foot glands (arrowheads indicate upper and lower margins of glandular layer), connective tissue with spicules (asterisks), note crossing muscle fibres; (C) left eye; (D) cross-section through buccal mass with cuticularized pharynx and folded dorsal branch of radula (young branch still separated from pharyngeal cavity); (E) ganglia on the right side of CNS; (F) ganglia on the left side (note giant nerve cells in subg+vg). Abbreviations: bf, basal finger; bs, bursa stalk; bm, buccal mass; cg, cerebral ganglion; dg, digestive gland; dp, diaphragm separating cavities of head–foot and visceral sac; ey, eye; ht, heart; it, intestine; kd, kidney; le, eyelens; nd, nephroduct; oc, odontophore cavity; opt, optic ganglion; osg, tentative osphradial ganglion; ot, oral tube; pag, left parietal ganglion; pc, lumen of pericardium; pg, pedal ganglion; pgl, anterior pedal gland; pgr, granular pigment layer; ph, pharynx; plg, pleural ganglion; pp, loops of paraprostate; ps, lumen of penial sheath; r, radula; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary gland; spc, spicules; ssc, sensory cell of eye; ssl, sensory layer; st, statocyst; subg+vg, combined subintestinal and visceral ganglion; supg+pag, combined supraintestinal and right parietal ganglion; vc, long connective between subg+vg and supg+pag. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 50 µm; D–F, 100 µm.
Figure 2 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 2. External anatomy and aspects of radula. (A) Dorsal view of live specimen from Batu Gatja River, Ambon; original drawing by A. Strubell, 1892 (modified from Küthe 1935, used with permission); (B) ventral view of live juvenile specimen from Watatiri, Ambon; (C–E) aspects of radula (modified from Küthe 1935, used with permission): (C) anterior view of rhachidian tooth, (D) right view of rhachidian tooth showing denticulate margins; (E) portion of folded radula with lateral plates, note lack of denticle in lp1; (F) scanning electron micrograph of radula of Watatiri specimen, note rhachidian teeth worn down to their bases and strong denticle on each lateral plate, asterisk indicates presumed position of second lateral plate folded down in the sample. Abbreviations: cc, central cusp of rhachidian tooth; dt, denticles; ey, eye; ft, foot; llp, left lateral plate; lp1 and 2, first and second lateral plates; lt, labial tentacles; rh, rhinophore; rlp, (first) right lateral plate; rt, rhachidian tooth. Scale bar: 20 µm.
Figure 1 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of general anatomy, central nervous (CNS), circulatory, excretory, and anterior digestive systems of Strubellia paradoxa, paratype. (A) External morphology (contracted specimen, right view), arrowhead indicates position of diaphragm between head–foot and visceral sac; (B) overview of microanatomy showing internal organ systems; (C) CNS (posterior view, buccal ganglia omitted); (D) CNS, including buccal ganglia at left (right view); (E) excretory and circulatory systems (ventrolateral right view), asterisk indicates intersection between kidney and nephroduct; (F) buccal apparatus and anterior pedal gland, right view, asterisks indicate ciliated part of oesophagus. Abbreviations: ao, aorta; au, auricle; bc, bursa copulatrix; bg, buccal ganglion; bm, buccal mass; ccm, cerebral commissure; cg, cerebral ganglion; cns, central nervous system; dg, digestive gland; dkd, distal lumen of kidney; es, oesophagus; ey, eye; ft, foot; go, gonad; gog, gastro-oesophageal ganglion; gp, genital pore; ht, heart; kd, kidney; ln, labial tentacle nerve; nd, nephroduct; ndl, distal loop of nephroduct; np, position of nephroporus; oc, odontophore cavity; on, optic nerve; opt, optical
Figure 5 in Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia
Figure 5. Semithin sections of anterior right visceral sac with the pericardium, heart and kidney; dorsal side to the upper right. (A) Overview of anterior right visceral sac with pericardial complex (arrowheads indicate membrane of pericardium, asterisks indicate loops of nephroduct, ∗∗ indicates ciliary tuft at intersection between distal kidney and nephroduct); (B) section more anterior to A showing medioventral tip of heart with protruding aorta, (1) vacuolate epicardium, (2) tentative "rhogocyte", (3) loose cells and (4) muscular bridge inside the ventricular lumen; (C) section posterior to A with kidney and heart at base of renopericardioduct, asterisk marks thickened margins of venous vessel opening to the haemocoel; (D) kidney posterior toheart showing proximal and vacuolate distal lumina; (E) most anterior portion of excretory system with nephroduct loop proximal to nephroporus, vacuolate cells inside pericardium (asterisk) and distalmost intestine. Abbreviations: ao, aorta; au, lumen of auricle; bc, bursa copulatrix; bs, bursa stalk; ctm, connective tissue membrane; dg, digestive gland; dkd, distal lumen of kidney; dp, diaphragm separating body cavities; ep, epidermis; gd, gonoduct; hc, haemocoel
FIGURES 1–4 in A simple device to collect, store and study samples of two-dimensional spider webs
FIGURES 1–4. Silk samplers, boxes and specimen holder. 1, Silk sampler; 2, Small portable specimen box; 3, Specimen holder for SEM examination; 4, Slide box with silk samplers, for long-term storage.
FIGURES 5–14 in A simple device to collect, store and study samples of two-dimensional spider webs
FIGURES 5–14. Samples of silk. 5, 6, Cribellate silk band of Progradungula otwayensis Milledge 1997 (Gradungulidae), incident light in stereomicroscope; 7, Same, transmitted light in compound microscope; 8–10, Cribellate silk band of Thaida peculiaris Karsch 1880 (Austrochilidae), SEM; 9, 10, Detail of cribellar fibrils; 11, Ampullate thread of Austrochilus forsteri Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick 2003 (Austrochilidae) with thinner threads of the kleptoparasite Sofanapis antillanca Platnick & Forster 1989 (Anapidae); 12, Junction of structural threads, Scytodes sp. (Scytodidae) from Monteverde (Costa Rica); 13, Cribellate spiral and radius, Uloborus sp. (Uloboridae) from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa); 14, Viscid spiral and radius, Nephila sp. (Nephilidae) from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) the droplets of the sticky spiral are only slightly shrunk by evaporation. (AX = axial line; CM = cribellate mass; R = radius; RW = reserve warp; SS = sticky spiral.)
Data for "A Comparison of Linear Solvers for Resolving Flow in Three-Dimensional Discrete Fracture Networks"
<p>This data is related to the manuscript "A Comparison of Linear Solvers for Resolving Flow in Three-Dimensional Discrete Fracture Networks". It contains meshes, boundary conditions, and medium properties for discrete fracture networks used to test fluid flow solvers.</p>
Dimensional reduction of phenotypes from 53,000 mouse models reveals a diverse landscape of gene function - data bundle
<p>This bundle is an archive of data files, configuration files, and scripts related to the manuscript "Dimensional reduction of phenotypes from 53,000 mouse models reveals a diverse landscape of gene function".</p> <p> </p>
A one-dimensional Chandrasekhar-mass delayed-detonation model for the broad-lined Type Ia supernova 2002bo
<p>Multi-epoch spectra of model DDC15 used to confront to SN 2002bo observations from <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.448.2766B">Blondin et al. 2015, MNRAS, 448, 2766</a>. This also includes the input hydrodynamical model at 0.98 d past explosion.<br> <br> The optical and NIR passbands used to compute <em>UBVRIJHK<sub>s</sub></em> magnitudes are also available.</p>
One-dimensional delayed-detonation models of Type Ia supernovae: Confrontation to observations at bolometric maximum
<p>Maximum-light spectra of the DDC model series from <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MNRAS.429.2127B">Blondin et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 2127</a>, as well as the hydro grid (velocity, density) and abundance profiles for <sup>56</sup>Ni, Ni, Si, and O within 20-60 s from explosion.<br> <br> The optical and NIR passbands used to compute <em>UBVRIJHK<sub>s</sub></em> magnitudes are also available.</p>
Data for: Evolution of static and dynamical density correlations of one-dimensional soft-core bosons from the Tonks-Girardeau limit to a clustering fluid.
<p>Data and scripts to reproduce the figures of the paper "Evolution of static and dynamical density correlations of one-dimensional soft-core bosons from the Tonks-Girardeau limit to a clustering fluid."</p>
A three-dimensional Galactic extinction model
<p><strong>Overview</strong></p> <p>A large-scale three-dimensional model of Galactic extinction is presented based on the Galactic dust distribution model of Drimmel & Spergel (2001). The extinction A<sub>V</sub> to any point within the Galactic disk can be quickly deduced using a set of three-dimensional Cartesian grids. Extinctions from the model are compared to empirical extinction measures, including lines-of-sight in and near the Galactic plane using optical and NIR extinction measures; in particular we show how extinction can be derived from NIR color-magnitude diagrams in the Galactic plane to a distance of 8 kiloparsec.</p> <p>Please cite <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003A%26A...409..205D/abstract">Drimmel, Cabrera-Lavers, and López-Corredoira (2003)</a> when using this model.</p> <p>The provided tarball includes the contribution to the extinction from different Galactic components in binary format. Code to read and use this data is included in the <a href="https://github.com/jobovy/mwdust">mwdust</a> package.</p> <p><strong>Instructions for use of the extinction grids (from the original README)</strong></p> <pre>The data-for.tar.gz file contains a suite of three-dimensional cartesian grids of the extinction in V band. Each grid corresponds to one of three structural components of the dust model (disk, spiral arms, local Orion arm). Local and "global" grids provide different levels of detail, or resolution. The local grids are centered on the Sun, the large scale grids cover the entire Galaxy, excepting that of the local Orion arm. For all grids the z=0 plane corresponds to the Galactic Plane. For the local grids the x-axis points toward the Galactic center. The conversion from Galactic coordinates (l,b,d) to cartesian heliocentric coordinates are: x = d cosb cosl y = d cosb sinl z = d sinb + Z_sun with Z_sun = 0.015 kpc. Using the convention that array indices start at 0 (as in IDL), the grid coordinates (i,j,k) are given by i = x / \Delta x + (n_x - 1)/2 j = y / \Delta y + (n_y - 1)/2 k = z / \Delta z + (n_z - 1)/2 where the dimensions of the grid are (n_x, n_y, n_z) and the grid spacing is (\Delta x, \Delta y, \Delta z), where \Delta x = \Delta y for all the grids. The table below lists these parameters for each of the grids. The above formulas will be convenient for any 3-D interpolation routine that requires grid coordinates for the points to be interpolated. Note that for FORTRAN +1 should be added to the above grid coordinates to conform with the convention that array indices start with the number 1. For the large scale grids galactocentric coordinates are more convenient. Using the same axis directions the same conversions from (l,b,d) to cartesian coordinates above will still apply with the exception of the x-coordinate, which is now x = d cosb cosl + X_sun with X_sun = -8 kpc. For the grids avdisk and avspir the same conversions to (i,j,k) can be used, however the grid avori only covers part of the Galactic disk, so that i = x/ \Delta x + 2.5(n_x - 1) Care should be taken not to extrapolate beyond the boundaries of the large-scale grids, but a working approximation for points beyond the grid boundaries is to use a point farthest from the Sun *along the line-of-sight* that is on the boundary of the large-scale grid. In most directions this is equivalent to the total Galactic extinction. Grid parameters: grid component \Delta x \Delta z n_x n_y n_z ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- large-scale: avgrid all 0.2 0.02 151 151 51 avdisk disk 0.2 0.02 151 151 51 avspir spiral arms 0.2 0.02 151 151 51 avori Orion arm 0.05 0.02 76 151 51 local: avloc all 0.02 0.02 101 201 51 avdloc disk 0.05 0.02 31 31 51 avori2 Orion arm 0.02 0.02 101 201 51 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rescaling factors: The rescaling factors are based on the residuals between the COBE FIR observations and the predictions of the dust distribution model. For this reason the rescaling factors are rooted to the COBE data structure; for each COBE pixel there is an associated rescaling factor. This introduces some complication in the retrieval of the rescaling factors for any arbitrary direction as the COBE sky maps use a nonstandard projection and pixel ordering scheme. (See http://space.gsfc.nasa.gov/astro/cobe/skymap_info.html for a brief introduction and Appendix G of the COBE Guest Investigator Software (CGIS) Software User's Guide (version 2.2), retrievable at ftp://rosette.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/cobe-gi/doc/, for further details.) The rescaling factors for each COBE pixel are contained in a binary file in unformatted FORTRAN format, rf_allsky.dat. This file contains arrays that specify: the COBE pixel number, the structural component to be rescaled (i.e. the component with a rescaling factor not equal to 1), the Galactic longitude and latitude of each pixel, and the rescaling factor to be applied. (See the example FORTRAN code below.) The second integer array specifies the component to be rescaled is an integer array with a value of 1, 2 or 3, corresponding to the disk, spiral and local arm components respectively. There are a total of 393216 pixels. To access these rescaling factors the user must find the pixel that coincides with the direction of interest. For this task there are at least three options: 1) Write a routine that searches through the list of longitudes and latitudes for the nearest pixel. 2) Work within the UIDL environment which provides an efficient means, via CGIS IDL code, to retrieve the pixel number nearest a given direction. The UIDL package with instructions for installation can be found at http://space.gsfc.nasa.gov/astro/cobe/cgis.html. The code findext.pro in this directory is an example of such a routine. 3) Use stand alone CGIS code (standard FORTRAN) to retrieve the pixel number for a given direction. This code can be down loaded via anonymous ftp from ftp://rosette.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/cobe-gi/. The relevant files are aacgis_for.txt and cgis-for.tar, the latter containing the FORTRAN library with makefiles. The code ll2pix.for queries for longitude, latitude, coordinate system and resolution level to return a pixel number. The resolution level corresponding to the FIR data, and hence the rescaling factors, is level 9. See the FORTRAN code Av3_FEB03.f as an example. Once the correct COBE pixel index is found for the desired direction, use the first array to discern to which component the rescaling factor should be applied to. For example, using the array nomenclature in the example FORTRAN code below, if for pixel J the the NCOMP(J) value is 2, then the extinction should be AV = AVDISK + RF(J)*AVSPIR + AVORI, where AVDISK, AVSPIR and AVORI correspond to the interpolated values from these three-dimensional arrays. The user is also cautioned that in directions where extragalactic sources contribute significantly to the FIR flux the derived rescaling factors will be erroneous. This includes the Andromeda Galaxy, M33, the LMC and SMC. There are also nearby regions within the Galaxy that have anomalous emission due to warm dust that are not described by the model, especially the rho Ophiucus and Orion regions. Finally, the nuclear disk in the Galactic center (|l| < 3 deg) is not described by the model. The rescaling factors in these directions also should not be used. Algorithm: Using the three-dimensional extinction grids a value for the extinction A_i due to each of the components i of the dust distribution can be found for any point in the Galactic disk via interpolation. Together with the appropriate rescaling factor a final estimate of the extinction is arrived at: A(l,b,r) = \sum f_i(l,b) A_i(l,b,r) To summarize, an algorithm for arriving at an extinction A_v for a point in the Galaxy (l,b,r) is outlined below: 1) Find the COBE pixel coinciding to (l,b). 2) Recover the rescaling factor f_i and component i to be rescaled from the rf_allsky.dat file. (Set f=1 for the other components.) 3) Determine the grid coordinates: (l,b,r) ----> (x,y,z) -----> (i,j,k) 4) Interpolate from appropriate grids to find A_i(l,b,r) for each component. 5) Sum over the components (above equation) to arrive at A(l,b,r). </pre>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.