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Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i).

Text-fig. 3. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a–e) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (f–i) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings a–f, i) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, g, h). a, b) Seed in lateral (a) and oblique apical (b) views showing the truncate hilar-micropylar region; note prominent hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi) at the seed apex and the raphe (ra) seen as slightly raised ridge; remains of mounting media (¤). c) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0647) showing course of raphe (ra), hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi); note the strongly radially elongated cells below the hilar scar. d) Seed in antiraphal view. e) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. f) Seed enclosed in remains of thin-walled fruit (fr) (S174632, Torres Vedras sample 298). g) Holotype, seed enclosed in remains of fruit (fr); raphal view showing the faintly ribbed surface of the seed (S171534, Torres Vedras sample 043). h) Apical view of seed fragment showing hilar scar (hi), position of raphe (ra) and the ribbed seed surface (S136683, Torres Vedras sample 044). i) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S171534; Torres Vedras sample 043). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–d, f–h); 125 µm (e, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 3. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a–e) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (f–i) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings a–f, i) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, g, h). a, b) Seed in lateral (a) and oblique apical (b) views showing the truncate hilar-micropylar region; note prominent hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi) at the seed apex and the raphe (ra) seen as slightly raised ridge; remains of mounting media (¤). c) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0647) showing course of raphe (ra), hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi); note the strongly radially elongated cells below the hilar scar. d) Seed in antiraphal view. e) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. f) Seed enclosed in remains of thin-walled fruit (fr) (S174632, Torres Vedras sample 298). g) Holotype, seed enclosed in remains of fruit (fr); raphal view showing the faintly ribbed surface of the seed (S171534, Torres Vedras sample 043). h) Apical view of seed fragment showing hilar scar (hi), position of raphe (ra) and the ribbed seed surface (S136683, Torres Vedras sample 044). i) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S171534; Torres Vedras sample 043). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–d, f–h); 125 µm (e, i).

Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i).

Text-fig. 6. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (a, b, d, e: sample 141, c: sample 300); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0563) through the median plane of the seed (holotype, S174178) showing the palisade-shaped cells of exotesta and collapsed inner parts of seed coat, raised exotestal tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0659) through the micropylar region perpendicular to the median plane showing the exotestal tissue surrounding the transverse micropyle slit (mi). c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0500) through the median plane of the seed (S175095) showing raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and poorly preserved cells of the seed coat. d) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0810) through middle part of seed perpendicular to the median plane (S174178) showing seed coat and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. e) Tangential and longitudinal orthoslice (xz0162) through the seed coat of holotype (S174178) showing thickened, undulate cell walls of exotesta (ex) and the short, thin-walled cells of tegmen (te) with a finely striate wrinkled surface. Scale bars = 250 µm (a, c, d); 125 µm (b, e). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 6. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (a, b, d, e: sample 141, c: sample 300); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0563) through the median plane of the seed (holotype, S174178) showing the palisade-shaped cells of exotesta and collapsed inner parts of seed coat, raised exotestal tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0659) through the micropylar region perpendicular to the median plane showing the exotestal tissue surrounding the transverse micropyle slit (mi). c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0500) through the median plane of the seed (S175095) showing raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and poorly preserved cells of the seed coat. d) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0810) through middle part of seed perpendicular to the median plane (S174178) showing seed coat and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. e) Tangential and longitudinal orthoslice (xz0162) through the seed coat of holotype (S174178) showing thickened, undulate cell walls of exotesta (ex) and the short, thin-walled cells of tegmen (te) with a finely striate wrinkled surface. Scale bars = 250 µm (a, c, d); 125 µm (b, e).

Fig. 10 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 10. Reduced strict consensus of the six most parsimonious trees obtained in the cladistic analysis using TNT (Goloboff et al., 2003). The specimen MPCAPV 236 is excluded from the consensus (small solid circles show its alternative positions within the Araripesuchus clade).

Fig. 8 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 8. Lower jaw of Araripesuchus sp. MPCAPV 236 in right lateral view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Fig. 7 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 7. Lower jaw of Araripesuchus sp. MPCAPV 236 in ventral view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Fig. 6 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 6. Lower jaw of Araripesuchus sp. MPCAPV 236 in dorsal view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e).

Fig. 4 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 4. Choanal opening of Araripesuchus in ventral view. Left. Araripesuchus buitreraensis MPCA PV 235. Middle. Araripesuchus gomesii AMNH 24450. Right. Araripesuchus patagonicus MUCPV 269 (after Ortega et al., 2000). Scale bar 5 1 cm. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Fig. 2 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 2. Holotype of Araripesuchus buitreraensis MPCAPV 235 in ventral view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Fig. 5 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 5. Mandibular symphysis of Araripesuchus buitreraensis MPCAPV 235 in ventral view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Fig. 3 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 3. Holotype of Araripesuchus buitreraensis MPCAPV 235 in lateral view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c).

Fig. 1 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 1. Holotype of Araripesuchus buitreraensis MPCAPV 235 in dorsal view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Fig. 9 in New Araripesuchus Remains from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Patagonia

Fig. 9. Medial surface of lower jaw of Araripesuchus sp. MPCAPV 236 in posteromedial view. See appendix 4 for abbreviations.

Text-fig. 4. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a, b) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (c, d) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality (sample 038), Portugal (S174614); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (xy0984) through the median plane of the seed showing the strongly thickened sclerenchyma under the hilar scar (hi), micropylar slit (mi) and the raphe (ra); note cells of exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides of the seed and gradually become shorter towards the micropyle. b) Transverse orthoslice (xy0984) through middle of seed showing the thickened cells of the exotesta; note that cells of the exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides. c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0812) through apical part of seed in the median plane showing embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks) and surrounding nutritive tissue; note the tiny cells of embryo with central structures we interpret as the fossilized remains of nuclei. d) Detail of (4c) showing tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks); nutritive tissue immediately surrounding the embryo is interpreted as endosperm (endo); whether there is any delimitation between this inner endosperm and the outer part of the nutritive tissues is not clear. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c); 125 µm (d). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 4. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a, b) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (c, d) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality (sample 038), Portugal (S174614); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (xy0984) through the median plane of the seed showing the strongly thickened sclerenchyma under the hilar scar (hi), micropylar slit (mi) and the raphe (ra); note cells of exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides of the seed and gradually become shorter towards the micropyle. b) Transverse orthoslice (xy0984) through middle of seed showing the thickened cells of the exotesta; note that cells of the exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides. c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0812) through apical part of seed in the median plane showing embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks) and surrounding nutritive tissue; note the tiny cells of embryo with central structures we interpret as the fossilized remains of nuclei. d) Detail of (4c) showing tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks); nutritive tissue immediately surrounding the embryo is interpreted as endosperm (endo); whether there is any delimitation between this inner endosperm and the outer part of the nutritive tissues is not clear. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c); 125 µm (d).

Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d).

Text-fig. 8. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025) (a, b, d, e), and the Vale de Água locality (sample 333) (c, f, g), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Smaller seed in lateral view showing the bulging region (arrow head) close to hilum (S174467). b) Cut volume rending (cut at yz1032) of seed in (8a) showing the expanded cells of exotesta immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and the well preserved nutritive tissue. c) Small seed in lateral view showing the bulging exotesta (arrow head) close to hilum (S175046). d, e) Larger seed in lateral (d) and raphal (e) view (S174035). f) Detail of seed in (8c) showing the micropylar slit (mi) above the hilum (hi) and bulging exotestal tissue (arrow head) in which the walls of the exotestal cells have straight anticlinal walls. g) Surface of seed in (8c) showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (f); 125 µm (g). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 8. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025) (a, b, d, e), and the Vale de Água locality (sample 333) (c, f, g), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Smaller seed in lateral view showing the bulging region (arrow head) close to hilum (S174467). b) Cut volume rending (cut at yz1032) of seed in (8a) showing the expanded cells of exotesta immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and the well preserved nutritive tissue. c) Small seed in lateral view showing the bulging exotesta (arrow head) close to hilum (S175046). d, e) Larger seed in lateral (d) and raphal (e) view (S174035). f) Detail of seed in (8c) showing the micropylar slit (mi) above the hilum (hi) and bulging exotestal tissue (arrow head) in which the walls of the exotestal cells have straight anticlinal walls. g) Surface of seed in (8c) showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (f); 125 µm (g).