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FIGURES 38–45. 38–41. P in African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species

FIGURES 38–45. 38–41. P. ngangaoensis sp. nov. Holotype. Female. 38. Lateral habitus. Paratype Male. 39. Lateral habitus. 40. Dorsal habitus. 41. Head +antennae+ mesosoma, fronto-lateral. 42–44. P. nigroflaveatus Yefremova, female. 42. Lateral habitus. 43. Dorsal habitus. 44. Head+antennae, frontal. 45. Euplectromorpha variegata Ferrière Type Female. 45. Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 62–69. 62. P in African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species

FIGURES 62–69. 62. P. ornatus Ferrière. Head, frontal. 63–68. P. pseudoornatus sp. nov. Holotype. Female. 63. Lateral habitus. 64. Dorsal head and thorax. 65. Dorsal habitus. 66. Mesosoma, dorsal. 67. Habitus ventral, showing dark spots on underside of metafemur. 68. Head+antennae, frontal. 69. P. pyrrhomaculatus sp. nov. Holotype, Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 54–61. 54. P in African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species

FIGURES 54–61. 54. P. nyanzaensis sp. nov. Holotype. Female. 54. Head+antennae, frontal. 55–58. P. obscuratus Ferrière. Female. 55. Lateral habitus. 56. Dorsal habitus. 57. Head+antennae, frontal. 58. Scutellum, close-up of scutellum showing foveate grooves (arrows). 59–61. P. ornatus Ferrière. 59. Lateral habitus. 60. Dorsal habitus. 61. Dorsal mesothorax (not to scale).

FIGURES 30–37. 30. P in African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species

FIGURES 30–37. 30. P. marenjeensis sp. nov. Holotype. Female. 30. Head+antennae, frontal. 31–34. P. meruensis Delucchi. Kenya specimen. Female. 31. Lateral habitus. Male. 32. Lateral habitus. 33. Dorsal habitus. 34. Head+antennae, frontal. 35–37. P. mrimaensis sp. nov. Holotype. Female. 35. Lateral habitus. 36. Dorsal habitus. 37. Head+antennae, frontal.

FIGURES 70–75. 70–71 P in African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species

FIGURES 70–75. 70–71 P. pyrrhomaculatus sp. nov. Holotype. Female. 70. Dorsal habitus. 71. Head+antennae, frontal. 72–75. P. striolatus (Ferrière). 72. Lateral habitus. 73. Dorsal habitus. 74. Head, frontal. 75. Scutellum, dorsal, close-up of strigose scutellum (red arrow).

FIGURES 24–29. 24–26. P. kiambuensis Type. Female. 24 in African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species

FIGURES 24–29. 24–26. P. kiambuensis Type. Female. 24. Labels on pin. 25. Lateral habitus. 26. Dorsal habitus. 27–29. P. marenjeensis sp. nov. Holotype. Female. 27. Lateral habitus. 28. Dorsal habitus. 29. Gaster.

FIGURE 4 in Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa

FIGURE 4. Areas and habitats where Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov. was collected: A, B, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station (the type locality): A, forest road through the degraded mid-altitude rainforest; B, students on the Tropical Biology Association 2005 course assisting with installation of yellow pan (Moerike) traps (YPT) and Malaise traps; C–E, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mongbwalu mining area, the abandoned building of "Mr Beguin's house" and its surroundings: C, general view of the disturbed landscape; D, filling YPT using watering pot (AG); E, YPT in grass nearby the construction; F, filtering YPT (Claude Dhendro).

FIGURE 3 in Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa

FIGURE 3. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov.: A–C, male: A, habitus; B, head and anterior mesosoma, inset: F2 with the sensillum ampullaceum highlighted by black arrow; C, wings, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma (transpleural suture is indicated by white arrow); D, dorso-lateral mesosoma of female, SEM

FIGURE 2 in Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa

FIGURE 2. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female, head: A, C–E, head in frontal view; F, lower face; B, head in dorsal view; G, head, view from below; H, lower face, view from behind. C, D, holotype (Uganda); A, E–H, paratype (DR Congo).

FIGURE 1 in Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa

FIGURE 1. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Phymastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae parasitic on Xyleborus beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Hawaiʻi and aspects of its biology, life history, and behavior

FIGURE 1. Comparison of Phymastichus holoholo sp. nov. (left column) and Phymastichus xylebori (right column). a: Phymastichus holoholo sp. nov. ♀ (ex Xyleborus affinis in Macadamia integrifolia trunk, Keaʻau, Hawaiʻi island); b: Phymastichus holoholo sp. nov. ♀ (ex Schefflera actinophylla branch, Kahana Bay, Oʻahu), apex of metasoma showing the crimped syntergum with sparse setae; c: Phymastichus holoholo sp. nov. ♀ (same data as (b)), a specimen with ovipositor exposed and visible; d: Phymastichus holoholo sp. nov. ♀ (same data as (b)), forewing; e: a specimen fitting the description of Phymastichus xylebori, ♀, (ex Macadamia integrifolia trunk, ʻĀhualoa, Hawaiʻi island); f: Phymastichus xylebori ♀ (ex Macadamia integrifolia trunk, Waimānalo, Oʻahu), apex of metasoma showing the crimped syntergum with a tuft of dense setae posteriorly and blade-like ovipositor; g: Phymastichus xylebori ♀ (same data as (f)), forewing.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Phymastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae parasitic on Xyleborus beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Hawaiʻi and aspects of its biology, life history, and behavior

FIGURE 4. Parasitism of bark beetles by Phymastichus. a: Two Xyleborus ferrugineus beetles in octopus tree from Kahana Bay, Oʻahu with typical Phymastichus emergence holes. b: Xyleborus ferrugineus beetle in Acacia koa from Waʻahila ridge on Oʻahu with a (presumably) Phymastichus emergence hole. c: The same beetle as in (b) partially extracted from wood to show its position; d: X. ferrugineus from octopus tree near Kahana Bay, Oʻahu, broken open between the pro- and mesothorax to show Phymastichus pupae developing inside. On the left is the anterior part of the beetle with the male P. holoholo pupa positioned transversely inside. On the right is the rest of the beetle, the female pupa positioned with its head towards the back of the beetle; e: The pupae in (d) removed from the beetle, female on the right, male on the left; f,g: Xyleborus ferrugineus from octopus tree near Kahana Bay, Oʻahu with P. holoholo emergence holes; h: Xyleborus affinis from octopus tree near Kahana Bay, Oʻahu with a partially emerged Phymastichus holoholo adult female still inside. i: Hawaiian endemic Xyleborus lanaiensis from ʻālaʻa (Planchonella sandwicensis) with a (presumably) Phymastichus emergence hole; j: Xylosandrus crassiusculus from octopus tree near Kahana Bay, Oʻahu with a Phymastichus holoholo emergence hole.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Phymastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae parasitic on Xyleborus beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Hawaiʻi and aspects of its biology, life history, and behavior

FIGURE 3. Phymastichus holoholo sp. nov. a: forewing ♀; b: hindwing ♀; c: antenna ♀; d: forewing ♂; e: hindwing ♂; f: antenna ♂; g: head (uncollapsed) ♀; h: dorsal view ♀.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Phymastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae parasitic on Xyleborus beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Hawaiʻi and aspects of its biology, life history, and behavior

FIGURE 2. Phymastichus holoholo sp. nov. adults, holotype (♀) and allotype (♂). a: holotype ♀, side view; b: holotype ♀, dorsal view; c: holotype ♀, head, note that the scrobal area is somewhat collapsed due to drying of specimen; d: allotype ♂, side view; e: allotype ♂, dorsal view; f: allotype ♂, head. Scale bars: 500μm

FIGURES 113–117. 113–114 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 113–117. 113–114, biology of Aprostocetus madhucae Singh sp. nov.: 113, 114, dissected gall of Madhuca longifolia showing pupae inside the pupal skin of Selitrichodes madhucae Singh & Kaneria, sp. nov.. 115–117, biology of Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh, sp. nov.: 115, gall dissected to show pupa in dorsal view; 116, dissected out pupa in ventral view; 117, pupa with larva of an unidentified ectoparasitoid.

FIGURES 108–112 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 108–112. Biology of Selitrichodes madhucae Singh sp. nov.: 108, dissected gall of Madhuca longifolia showing larvae; 109, male pupa; 110, female pupa in ventral view; 111, female pupa in dorso-lateral view; 112, some emerged males and females in pre-mating courtship.

FIGURES 90–96 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 90–96. Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh sp. nov., female: 90, body in lateral view; 91, body in dorsal view; 92, head in dorsal view; 93, antenna; 94, mesosoma in dorsal view; 95, forewing; 96, ovipositor.

FIGURES 83–89 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 83–89. Quadrastichus manmohani Singh, sp. nov., 83–84, female: 83, ovipositor; 84, distal part of ovipositor enlarged to show cercal setae. 85–89, male: 85, body in dorso-lateral view; 86, body in lateral view; 87, antenna; 88, mesosoma in dorsal view; 89, forewing.

FIGURES 74–82 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 74–82. Quadrastichus manmohani Singh sp. nov., female: 74, body in dorsal view; 75, body in lateral view; 76, antenna; 77, part of antenna showing anelli; 78, distal segments of club showing apical spine; 79, mesosoma in dorsal view; 80, forewing; 81, part of forewing showing dorsal seta on SMV; 82, part of forewing venation showing postmarginal and stigmal veins.

FIGURES 103–107 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 103–107. Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh sp. nov., male: 103, body in dorsal view; 104, antenna; 105, forewing; 106; genitalia; 107, distal part of genitalia showing digitus spines.