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1,212 results for “Old World”
FIGURE 4. Trichanthecium calvum. A. Habit. B. Ligular region. C in Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE 4. Trichanthecium calvum. A. Habit. B. Ligular region. C. Detail of a branch of the inflorescence. D. Spikelet, ventral view. E. Spikelet, dorsal view. F. Upper anthecium, dorsal view. G. Upper palea. H. Caryopsis, hilum view. I. Caryopsis, embryo view. (Louis 5248 BR).
FIGURE 3 in Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Trichanthecium marunguensis. A. Dorsal view ofthe apex of the lower glume with two prominent macrohairs. B. Detail of the base of a macrohair, showing the hemispherical cell surrounding its base. C. Upper anthecium in dorsal view. D. Lower glume in dorsal view showing the two macrohairs that are longer than the glume. E. Apex of the lemma with simple papillae and elongated bicellular microhairs (wall of the proximal cell thicker than the distal cell collapsed or deciduous). F. Apex of the upper palea showing simple papillae, bicellular microhairs and prickles in the distal portion. G. Upper anthecium, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C, E–G, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, D, 500 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE 2. Bright-field microscope micrographs of the leaf anatomy of Trichanthecium marunguensis. A–C. Transverse sections. A. Double headed arrows indicate nearby vascularbundles separated by 4–5 mesophyll cells. B. Adaxial groups of bulliform cells fan-shaped are indicated (bg). C. Colorless parenchymatous adaxial and abaxial extensions linking bundles with epidermis (ex) and raised epidermal cells surrounding the base of macrohairs (bm) are indicated. D–E. Adaxial epidermis in superficial view. D. Stomata with dome-shaped subsidiary cells (sc), basal cell of a bicellular microhair (*), and silica body in dumb-bell (sb) are indicated. E. Rows of stomata (st) and the base of a macrohair (mh) areindicated. Scale bars: A, 255 µm, B–C, 95 µm, D, 40 µm, E, 25 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE 1. Maximum Clade Credibility Tree (MCCT) from the Bayesian inference analysis of the total combined dataset (ndhF+rbcL). Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) and ML bootstrap support (left) are presented along branches; no support is shown for branches with posterior probability <0.5 and/or bootstrap support <50%.
Old world fruit bat body mass: bat-body-masses.txt.gz
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 2 in Afrohybanthus (Violaceae), a new genus for a distinctive and widely distributed Old World hybanthoid lineage
FIGURE 2. Staminal gland and seed morphologies of three different hybanthoid clades. a & d. Hybanthus sensu stricto (H. havavensis) (a. Contreras 8540 [MO], d. Lundell & Lundell 8540 [MO]). b & e. Afrohybanthus (A. enneaspermus) (b. Wood 2171 [K], e. Faden & Faden 74/1216 [K]). c & f. Hybanthus caledonicus group (H. caledonicus) (c. Melville & Coleman 4481 [K], f. Salasoo 4441 [K]). Arrows indicate the staminal glands, scale bars are all 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Afrohybanthus (Violaceae), a new genus for a distinctive and widely distributed Old World hybanthoid lineage
FIGURE 1. Chloroplast phylogeny of the Violaceae; arrows point to Old World groups and Hybanthus sensu stricto (redrawn from Wahlert et al., 2014). Numbers above branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap/Bayesian posterior probabilities; solid circles indicate 100%/1.00 support for a branch.
FIGURE S2 in Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE S2. Maximum Clade Credibility Tree (MCCT) from the Bayesian inference analysis based on the chloroplast rbcL gene. Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) and ML bootstrap support (left) are presented along branches; no support is shown for branches with posterior probability <0.5 and/or bootstrap support <50%.
FIGURE S1 in Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE S1. Maximum Clade Credibility Tree (MCCT) from the Bayesian inference analysis based on the chloroplast ndhF gene. Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) and ML bootstrap support (left) are presented along branches; no support is shown for branches with posterior probability <0.5 and/or bootstrap support <50%.
Data from: Molecular evolution of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 gene Nrf2 in Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
Mammals developed antioxidant systems to defend against oxidative damage in their daily life. Enzymatic antioxidants and low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWAs) constitute major parts of the antioxidant systems. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2, encoded by the Nrf2 gene) is a central transcriptional regulator, regulating transcription, of many antioxidant enzymes. Frugivorous bats eat large amounts of fruits that contain high levels of LMWAs such as vitamin C, thus, a reliance on LMWAs might greatly reduce the need for antioxidant enzymes in comparison to insectivorous bats. Therefore, it is possible that frugivorous bats have a reduced need for Nrf2 function due to their substantial intake of diet-antioxidants. To test whether the Nrf2 gene has undergone relaxed evolution in fruit-eating bats, we obtained Nrf2 sequences from 16 species of bats, including four Old World fruit bats (Pteropodidae) and one New World fruit bat (Phyllostomidae). Our molecular evolutionary analyses revealed changes in the selection pressure acting on Nrf2 gene and identified seven specific amino acid substitutions that occurred on the ancestral lineage leading to Old World fruit bats. Biochemical experiments were conducted to examine Nrf2 in Old World fruit bats and showed that the amount of catalase, which is regulated by Nrf2, was significantly lower in the brain, heart and liver of Old World fruit bats despite higher levels of Nrf2 protein in Old World fruit bats. Computational predictions suggest that three of these seven amino acid replacements might be deleterious to Nrf2 function. Therefore, the results suggest that Nrf2 gene might have experienced relaxed constraint in Old World fruit bats, however, we cannot rule out the possibility of positive selection. Our study provides the first data on the molecular adaptation of Nrf2 gene in frugivorous bats in compensation to the increased levels of LWMAs from their fruit-diet.
FIGURES 10–16. Scaphoideus species. 10–12, S. rubroguttatus, 10–11 in Three new Old World species of the leafhopper genus Scaphoideus Uhler (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)
FIGURES 10–16. Scaphoideus species. 10–12, S. rubroguttatus, 10–11, aedeagus (left lateral and posterior, respectively), 12, style; 13–14, S. unimaculata, aedeagus (left lateral and posterior, respectively). 15–16, S. quangtriensis, aedeagus, left lateral and posterior view, respectively).
FIGURES 17–22 in Three new Old World species of the leafhopper genus Scaphoideus Uhler (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)
FIGURES 17–22. Scaphoideus species (habitus). 17, S. unimaculatus (holotype); 18, S. quangtriensis (holotype); 19, S. rubroguttatus; 20, S. dellagiustinai (paratype, France); 21, S. baeiticus (holotype); 22, S. albosignatus (syntype).
FIGURES 1–9. Scaphoideus dellagiustinai, 1, 2 in Three new Old World species of the leafhopper genus Scaphoideus Uhler (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)
FIGURES 1–9. Scaphoideus dellagiustinai, 1, 2, head and thorax (dorsal and lateral view, respectively); 3, face; 4, style; 5, connective; 6, 7 aedeagus (left lateral and posterior view, respectively); 8, male genital capsule; 9, valve, subgenital plates (ventral left, dorsal right) and style.
Figure 20 in Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World
Figure 20. Comparison of labrum of females from different populations of Disparalona hamata species group. (a) Head of D. hamata from USA; (b) head of D. chappuisi from Africa; (c) labrum of Disparalona from USA; (d–g) labrum of investigated Disparalona specimens from Africa: (d) D. cf. striatoides from Dura River, Ethiopia; (e) D. chappuisi from Dura River, Ethiopia; (f) Disparalona sp.? from the Republic of South Africa; (g) D. cf. striatoides from the Republic of South Africa. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
Figure 19 in Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World
Figure 19. Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) sp.?, parts of exuvium of a parthenogenetic female from Botanical Gardens Dam, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, the Republic of South Africa. (a) Labrum; (b) exopod and endopod branches of antenna II; (c) limb I; (d) IDL of limb I; (e) limb II. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Figure 18 in Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World
Figure 18. Disparalona (M.) cf. striatoides (Šrámek-HuŠek, 1946), parthenogenetic female from Dura River, Ethiopia. (a) Limb II; (b) limb III; (c) limb IV; (d) exopodite of limb IV; (e, f) fragments of gnathobase and filter plate of limb IV; (g) limb V. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Figure 16 in Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World
Figure 16. Disparalona (M.) cf. striatoides (Šrámek-HuŠek, 1946), parthenogenetic female from Dura River, Ethiopia. (a) Adult parthenogenetic female, lateral view; (b) adult parthenogenetic female, dorsal view; (c) head; (d) head pores and ornamentation of head shield; (e) labrum; (f) valve; (g) armature of posteroventral portion of valve, inner view; (h) armature of ventral portion of valve, inner view; (i) armature of anterior portion of valve, inner view; (j) ornamentation of posteroventral portion of valve, outer view; (k) ornamentation of central portion of valve, outer view; (l) ornamentation of anterior portion of valve, outer view. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Figure 14 in Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World
Figure 14. Disparalona (M.) chappuisi Brehm, 1934, parthenogenetic female from Il'inskoe Lake, region of Lake Khanka, Primorsky Territory, Russia. (a) Limb I; (b) limb II; (c) limb III; (d) limb IV; (e) limb V. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
Figure 15 in Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World
Figure 15. Disparalona (M.) chappuisi Brehm, 1934, ephippial female and adult male from Chuksan Reservoir, South Korea. (a) Ephippial female, lateral view; (b, c) adult male, lateral view; (d) labrum of adult male]; (e–g) postabdomen of males; (h) antenna I of male; (i) exopod and endopod of antenna II of male; (j) limb I of adult male. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Figure 13 in Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World
Figure 13. Disparalona (M.) chappuisi Brehm, 1934, parthenogenetic female from Il'inskoe Lake, region of Lake Khanka, Primorsky Territory, Russia. (a) Postabdomen; (b) distal portion of postabdomen and postabdominal claw, outer view; (c) antenna I; (d) exopod and endopod of antenna II. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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