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3,673 results for “Temporal”
Temporal population structure, a genetic dating method for ancient Eurasian genomes from the past 10,000 years
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Data from: Temporal dynamics of selection on early-life phenotypic plasticity in seasonal migration versus residence
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Data from: Fate of atmospherically deposited NH4+ and NO3- in two temperate forests in China: temporal pattern and redistribution
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Data from: Predicting fitness in future climate: Insights from temporally replicated field experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Temporally varying disruptive selection in the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis).
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Data from: Temporal distribution of endophytic and exophytic insect guilds responds to host plant phenology in the Brazilian Savannah
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Social environment influences the temporal dynamics of sneak-spawning in a fish with alternative reproductive tactics
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Sampling a pika’s pantry: Temporal shifts in nutritional quality & over-winter preservation of American pika food caches
Climate change is increasing temperature, decreasing precipitation, and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in many ecosystems. As atmospheric carbon rises, plants may increase carbon-based defenses such as phenolics, thereby potentially affecting food quality, foraging habits, and habitat suitability for mammalian herbivores. In alpine habitats, the American pika (Ochotona princeps) is a model species for studying effects of changing plant chemistry on mammals. To survive between growing seasons, pikas cache “haypiles” of plants rich in phenolics. Although they are acutely toxic to pikas, phenolic compounds help plants retain biomass and nutrition during storage, and they break down over time. Alpine avens (Geum rossii, Rosales: Rosaceae) is a high-phenolic plant species that comprises up to 75% of pika winter diet in Colorado. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contemporary climate change has affected the nutritional value of Alpine avens to pikas in the last 30 years. Specifically, we compared phenolic activity, nutritional quality, and overwinter preservation of plants collected at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (USA) in 1992 to those collected between 2010 – 2018, spanning nearly three decades of climate change. Phenolic activity increased in alpine avens since 1992, while fiber and nitrogen content decreased. Importantly, overwinter preservation of plant biomass also increased, particularly on windblown slopes without long-lasting snow cover. Previous studies indicate that pikas at this site still depend on alpine avens in their winter food caches. Increasing phenolic content in alpine avens could therefore enhance the preservation of haypiles over winter; however, if pikas must further delay consuming these plants to avoid acute toxicity, then he nutritional gains from enhanced preservation may not be beneficial. This study provides important insights into how changing plant chemistry will affect mammalian herbivores in the future.
Denitrification losses in response to N fertiliser rates - integrating high temporal resolution N2O, in-situ 15N2O and 15N2 measurements and fertiliser 15N recoveries in intensive sugarcane systems
Denitrification is a key process in the global nitrogen (N) cycle, causing both nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) emissions. However, estimates of seasonal denitrification losses (N2O+N2) are scarce, reflecting methodological difficulties in measuring soil-borne N2 emissions against the high atmospheric N2 background and challenges regarding their spatio-temporal upscaling. This study investigated N2O+N2 losses in response to N fertiliser rates (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) on two intensively managed tropical sugarcane farms in Australia, by combining automated N2O monitoring, in-situ N2 and N2O measurements using the 15N gas flux method and fertiliser 15N recoveries at harvest. Dynamic changes in the N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio (< 0.01 to 0.768) were explained by fitting generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) with soil factors to upscale high temporal-resolution N2O data to daily N2 emissions over the season. Cumulative N2O+N2 losses ranged from 12 to 87 kg N ha-1, increasing non-linearly with increasing N fertiliser rates. Emissions of N2O+N2 accounted for 31–78% of fertiliser 15N losses and were dominated by environmentally benign N2 emissions. The contribution of denitrification to N fertiliser loss decreased with increasing N rates, suggesting increasing significance of other N loss pathways including leaching and runoff at higher N rates. This study delivers a blueprint approach to extrapolate denitrification measurements at both temporal and spatial scales, which can be applied in fertilised agroecosystems. Robust estimates of denitrification losses determined using this method will help to improve cropping system modelling approaches, advancing our understanding of the N cycle across scales.
Temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, CO, USA, 2013 - 2015
These datafiles contain the plant-pollinator interaction data collected by Paul CaraDonna et al. at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, CO, USA during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 growing season. These data were collected to investigate temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions; specifically, these data were collected in a manner to allow for the construction of weekly plant-pollinator interaction networks in order to investigate fine scale temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions. The data represent extensive community-wide field observations of animal pollinators visiting flowering plants in a subalpine ecosystem for the majority of the summer growing season (May–September).
Seeing the light: high temporal frequency (5-10min resolution) measurements of dissolved oxygen, photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and depth used to estimate metabolism in restored and unrestored Baltimore streams.
The continually increasing global population residing in urban landscapes impacts numerous ecosystem functions and services provided by urban streams. Urban stream restoration is often employed to offset these impacts and conserve or enhance the various functions and services these streams provide. Despite the assumption that ‘if you build it, [the function] will come’, current understanding of the effects of urban stream restoration on stream ecosystem functions are based on short term studies which may not capture variation in restoration effectiveness over time. We quantified the impact of stream restoration on nutrient and energy dynamics of urban streams by studying 10 urban stream reaches (five restored, five unrestored) in the Baltimore, Maryland, USA, region over a two-year period. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) at the whole-stream scale continuously throughout the study and nitrate (NO3-N) spiraling rates seasonally (spring, summer, autumn) across all reaches. There was no significant restoration effect on NO3-N spiraling across reaches. However, there was a significant canopy cover effect on NO3-N spiraling, and directly comparing paired sets of unrestored-restored reaches showed that restoration does affect NO3-N spiraling after accounting for other environmental variation. Furthermore, there was a change in GPP:ER seasonality, with restored and open-canopied reaches exhibiting higher GPP:ER during summer. The restoration effect, though, appears contingent upon altered canopy cover, which is likely to be a temporary effect of restoration and is a driver of multiple ecosystem services, e.g., habitat, riparian nutrient processing. Our results suggest that decision-making about stream restoration, including evaluations of nutrient benefits, clearly needs to consider spatial and temporal dynamics of canopy cover and tradeoffs among multiple ecosystem services. Here we provide the raw dissolved oxygen, temperature, li
Temporal and spatial dynamics of Synechococcus clade II and other microbes in the eutrophic subtropical San Diego Bay
This data set comprises amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the nutrient-replete waters of San Diego Bay (SDB). Using 16S and 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing for Synechococcus, we analyzed multiple locations in San Diego Bay monthly for over a year (2021-2022) with additional samples dating back to 2015. San Diego Bay ITS region sequences were compared to nearby coastal samples collected from the Scripps Pier at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Spatial and temporal patterns of habitat use and availability in upper Coweeta Creek from 1996 to 1998
I collect data describing total depth, mean current velocity and substrate characteristics (% - silt, debris, sand, gravel, cobble, boulder and bedrock) at 100 random points along 1 m transects within each 100 m site. Data are collected seasonally to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of habitat variability in upper Coweeta Creek. Flow data will be used to elucidate whether changes in habitat characteristics are correlated with high flow events.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 1 Temporal Canopy Leaf Chemistry, 1999 - 2002
Overstory foliage is collected in late summer from calcium-treated forest on watershed 1. Nutrient concentrations in foliage are measured. This allows us to estimate the pool of nutrients in foliage in combination with litterfall estimates of foliage biomass. We can compare foliar chemistry in W1 with that in W6 to quantify calcium treatment effects. Long-term measurements continue with the aim of detecting trends in foliage chemistry over long time scales. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Multi-temporal TM-NDVI Vectors at Rodent Webs from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1984-1993)
This database contains mean NDVI values for 200 m diameter circles encompassing Rodent Webs on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), for 21 Landsat TM scene dating from 1984 to 1993. These NDVI vectors were generated as part of cooperative project between the Sevilleta LTER and the Indian Health Service, to study the 1992 Hantavirus outbreak.
Temporal Dynamics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Resources Within a Grassland-Creosote Ecotone at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-1994)
Plant communities across large portions of the southwestern United States have shifted from grassland to desert shrubland. Studies have demonstrated that soil nutrient resources become spatially more heterogeneous and are redistributed into islands of fertility with this shift in vegetation. This research addressed the additional question of whether soil resources become more temporally heterogeneous along a grassland-shrubland ecotome. Within adjacent grassland and creosotebush sites, soil profiles were described at 3 pits and samples collected for description of nutrient resources within the profile. Relative cover of plant species and bare soil were determined within each site by line transects. The top 20-cm of bare soil or soil beneath the canopy of grasses/creosotebush were collected 17 times during 1992-1994. Soil samples were analyzed for soil moisture, extractable ammonium and nitrate, nitrogen mineralization potential, microbial biomass carbon, total organic carbon, microbial respiration, dehydrogenase activity, ratio of microbial C to total C (C[mic]-to-C[org]), and microbial respiration to biomass carbon (metabolic quotient). The major differences in the structure of soils between sites were the apparent loss of a 3 to 5-cm depth of sandy surface soil at the creosotebush site and an associated increase in calcium carbonate content at a more shallow depth. Soils under plants at both sites had greater total and available nutrient resources with higher concentrations under creosotebush than under grasses. Greatest temporal variation in available soil resources was shown in soils under creosotebush. When expressed on an area basis, greater temporal variation in the total amount of available soil resources was shown in the grassland site, primarily due to greater plant cover (45% in grassland vs. 8% in creosote).
Neural representations of events arise from temporal community structure
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Serial correlation of temporal pain intensities with beta-endorphin and meta-enkephalin concentrations, following Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation among patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
<p>This is a dataset for the research that evaluate the responses of plasma beta-endorphin (βE), met-enkephalin (ME) and pain intensity (PI) among patients with chronic low back pain exposed to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) = Group 1 or sham-TENS = Group 2.</p> <p>The dataset codes: TENS group = 1, Sham-TENS = 2, Sex: male = 1, female = 2, Baseline = before trial, Zero_Hr = immediately after trial, One_Hr = an hour after trial, TwentyFour_Hrs = 24 hrs after trial, FortyEight_Hrs = 48 hrs after trial.</p> <p>Variables labels: group, sex, age, pain duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (RHR), body temperature (Temp), beta-endorphin (BE), meta-enkephalin (ME), pain intensity (PI) measured with numeric pain scale.</p> <p>To describe time series, codes were combined with variable labels E.g. TwentyFour_Hrs_BE = bete endorphin concentration after 24 hrs of intervention.</p>
Data from: Spatio-temporal trends in richness and persistence of bacterial communities in decline-phase water vole populations
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br> Understanding the driving forces that control vole population dynamics requires identifying bacterial parasites hosted by the voles and describing their dynamics at the community level. To this end, we used high-throughput DNA sequencing to identify bacterial parasites in cyclic populations of montane water voles that exhibited a population outbreak and decline in 2014-2018. An unexpectedly large number of 155 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) representing at least 13 genera in 11 families was detected. Individual bacterial richness was higher during declines, and vole body condition was lower. Richness as estimated by Chao2 at the local population scale did not exhibit clear seasonal or cycle phase-related patterns, but at the vole meta-population scale, exhibited seasonal and phase-related patterns. Moreover, bacterial OTUs that were detected in the low density phase were geographically widespread and detected earlier in the outbreak; some were associated with each other. Our results demonstrate the complexity of bacterial community patterns with regard to host density variations, and indicate that investigations about how parasites interact with host populations must be conducted at several temporal and spatial scales: multiple times per year over multiple years, and at both local and long-distance dispersal scales for the host(s) under consideration.</p> <p><strong>FILE DESCRIPTION:</strong></p> <p><strong>Trapping, physical, and demographic data for the 1376 <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> included in sequencing runs 1 to 8</strong></p> <p>This XLSX file contains the following information concerning the 1376 animals included in the eight sequencing runs: location, session numbering, animal_id, trap_name, capture_date, species, sex (1=male, 2=female), weight (g), length_body (mm), length_tail (mm, testes (0=abdominal, 1=scrotal), testes_length (mm), testes_width (mm), nipples (0=small, 1=lactating), vagina (0=not perforate, 1=perforate), pub_symph (0=closed, 1=open), uterus_scars (#), embryos(#), lens_weight (g), lens_weight2 (g) and sequencing labels</p> <p>File name: Animal_details.xlsx</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Information concerning the <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples and the positive and negative controls multiplexed in the 16Sv4 MiSeq sequencing runs 1 to 8</strong></p> <p>This XLSX file contains the Run IDs, Sample IDs, Sample types, Dates & Site names, DNA extraction kit, PCR IDs, PCR replicate numbers, numbers of reads before and after filtering and the fastq file names for the 6615 PCR products multiplexed in the eight different Illumina MiSeq runs.</p> <p>File name: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run1)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run1 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1570 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run1.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run2)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run2 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1668 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run2.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run3)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run3 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1646 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run3.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run4)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run4 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1712 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run4.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run5)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run5 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1680 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run5.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run6)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run6 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1704 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run6.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run7)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run7 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1620 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run7.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples (Run8)</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the Run8 FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample using the MiSeq platform. The 1630 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. The list of the multiplexed samples and positive & negative controls are provided in the following XLSX file titled: Sample_and_sequencing_informations.xlsx.</p> <p>File name: MiSeq_Reads_16S_Arvicola_terrestris_Run8.zip</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Raw abundance table of the 16v4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris samples before data filtering (Run1 to 8)</em></strong></p> <p>This CSV file contains the number of reads for each distinct variant (OTU) and each of the 6615 PCR products, including the <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples and the controls, sequenced in the MiSeq runs 1 to 8 before the data filtering.</p> <p>File name: Read_abundance_table_before_filtering.csv</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abundance table of the 16v4 rRNA gene from <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> samples after data filtering (Run1 to 8)</strong></p> <p>This CSV file contains the number of reads for each distinct variant (OTU) and each <em>Arvicola terrestris</em> sample sequenced in the MiSeq runs 1 to 8 after the data filtering.</p> <p>File name: Read_abundance_table_after_filtering.csv</p>
The role of temporal and spatial attention in size adaptation
<p>One of the most important tasks for the visual system is to construct an internal representation of the spatial properties of objects, including their size. Size perception includes a combination of bottom-up (retinal inputs) and top-down (e.g. expectations) information, which makes the estimates of object size malleable and susceptible to numerous contextual cues. For example, it has been shown that size perception is prone to adaptation: brief previous presentations of larger or smaller adapting stimuli at the same region of space changes the perceived size of a subsequent test stimulus. Large adapting stimuli cause the test to appear smaller than its veridical size and vice versa. Here, we investigated whether size adaptation is susceptible to attentional modulation. First, we measured the magnitude of adaptation aftereffects for a size discrimination task. Then, we compared these aftereffects (on average 15-20%) with those measured while participants were engaged, during the adaptation phase, in one of the two highly demanding central visual tasks: Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) or Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP). Our results indicate that deploying visual attention away from the adapters did not significantly affect the distortions of perceived size induced by adaptation, with accuracy and precision in the discrimination task being almost identical in all experimental conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that visual attention does not play a key role in size adaptation, in line with the idea that this phenomenon can be accounted for by local gain control mechanisms within area V1.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.